identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B80B905DEA40FFAE7241F938FDF4B55D.text	B80B905DEA40FFAE7241F938FDF4B55D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afoninia dahurica Ignatova, Goffinet & Fedosov 2015	<div><p>Afoninia dahurica Ignatovа, Goffinet &amp; Fedosov,  gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 2-12.</p><p>Type: Russia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.84611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.73/lat 51.84611)">Southern Siberia</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.84611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.73/lat 51.84611)">Zabaikalsky Territory</a>, Gazimuro-Zavodskoy District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.84611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.73/lat 51.84611)">midstream of Gazimur River</a>, circa 12 km SW of Batakan Settlement, 51°50’46"N, 118°43’48"E, alt. 635 m. Rock outcrops. 23.VII.2012. Coll. O.M. Afonina #3512 (Holotype LE,  isotypes MHA, MW) .</p><p>Etymology: The species name indicates the collecting locality, Dahuria, a part of Trans-Baikal area, called by Russian colonists after a local population name.</p><p>Plants pale green, dull green or yellowish, growing on soil as individual shoots or forming loose tufts. Stems 2.5– 4.0 mm, green or brownish at base, with well-differentiated hyalodermis, abruptly delimited sclerodermis consisting of 1–2 rows of thick-walled red-brown cells, very thin-walled medullar cells and narrow central strand. Lower leaves small and distant, upper leaves enlargered and crowded in distal part of stem, contorted when dry, erectspreading when moist, (1.8–)2.5–3.5 u (0.8–) 1.2–1.6 mm, spatulate, slightly concave, widely acute or obtuse at apex; margins obtusely serrulate in distal 1/2, entire in proximal part, plane; costa moderately strong, slightly narrowing upwards, ending 4–6 cells below leaf apex; distal and median laminal cells 40–60 u (18–)22–28(–40) µm, 4-6- angled, thin-walled, not differentiated or colored at margins, basal laminal cells elongate rectangular, 90–120 u 30– 40 µm, basal marginal cells slightly shorter. Apparently autoicous (smaller male shoot mixed among plants with sporophytes, but seems so easily broken off that no one obvious junction was seen in a limited material available for study). Male shoots slightly smaller than female ones. Androecia terminal, perigonial leaves similar to stem leaves, obtusely serrulate throughout. Paraphyses mostly 5-celled, 3 basal cells narrow rectangular, two upper cells inflated, more than twice wider, both spheric, or terminal cell pyriform, all cells not colored. Seta 1.0– 1.6 mm, light reddish brown. Capsules 2.0– 2.6 mm long, ca. 0.8 mm wide, symmetric, cylindric, erect or slightly inclined, yellowish to light brownish when mature, urn smooth, neck ca. 1/4–1/3 the capsule length, weakly delimited; exothecial cells oblong, ± irregular, rhombic and hexagonal, slightly bulging, with moderately thickened outer walls, with cuneate thickenings of radial walls, at urn mouth in 3 rows transversely rectangular to quadrate, with numerous one-celled stomata at the neck and urn base. Annulus compound, revoluble, consisting of 2 rows of large inflated cells. Peristome double, hardly extending above urn mouth; exostome teeth 16, attached to endostome, 120– 140 µm long, slightly narrowing distally, obtuse, occasionally irregularly notched in upper part, finely papillose throughout on outer surface, with low ventral trabeculae; endostome segments 16, opposite to teeth, ca. 150 µm long, fused at base and forming low basal membrane, segments irregular in shape, slightly wider than exostome teeth, vertically papillose-striolate on outer surface. Operculum flat or weakly convex, indistinctly mamillate, with red rim. Spores 18–21 µm, brownish, finely verrucose. Calyptra cucullate, inflated below, with rostrum ca. 0.9 mm long.</p><p>Differentiation. There is no species in the Zabaikalsky Territory that can be confused with  Afoninia . The  Funariaceae are represented in the area by  Funaria hygrometrica and  Entosthodon pulchellus, both having asymmetric and inclined capsules and well-developed peristome, while species of Physcomitrum and  Entosthodon hungarius, reported from there, are eperisomate.</p><p>The species of the clade most closely related to  Afoninia, i.e., Mediterranean  Funariella curviseta, South American  Entosthodon laevis, and Australian  E. apophysatus, all have inclined and more or less asymmetric capsules, non-revoluble annulus, and different peristomes:  Funariella is eperistomate,  Entosthodon laevis has well developed double peristome,  E. apophysatus,in contrast, develops only a rudimentary endostome, whereas  Afoninia has a strongly reduced double peristome. Other differences include mitrate calyptrae in both these  Entosthodon species versus  Afoninia and  Funariella, both sharing cucullate calyptra. However, the latter genus is characterized by a short rostrum of the calyptra, whereas in  Afoninia the rostrum is long, resembling that of  Funaria hygrometrica .</p><p>Although the  Funaria -like annulus and the long rostrate calyptra may point to affinities of  Afoninia to species of  Funaria, inferences from DNA data do not support this hypothesis, and similarities with  F. aequidens,  F. flavicans and  F. polaris, must hence reflect homoplasy. Resolving  Afoninia outside of  Funaria s. str. is consistent with it developing a smooth and symmetric urn, an erect capsule and a peristome only slightly exceeding the level of annulus, all features not known from  Funaria .</p><p>Entosthodon is very variable and likely will be split in the future into monophyletic entities; however, in any case all its species in modern definition lack a revoluble annulus, and  E. attenuatus, the type of the genus has long peristome teeth.</p><p>Ecology:  Afoninia dahurica was collected in five localities in the eastern part of Zabaikalsky Territory, at altitudes ranging from 635 m to 1170 m a.s.l., on soilcovered rock outcrops, on fine soil in crevice and in niches between rocks, and on bare soil on rocky slope with steppe-like vegetation. In the type locality, in the end of July the plants had both immature and almost ripe capsules and well-preserved male and female inflorescences, while in other places, plants had mostly mature and deoperculate sporophytes despite of approximately the same time of collecting.</p><p>Additional specimens examined:   ASIATIC RUSSIA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.68972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.94361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.68972/lat 50.94361)">Zabaikalsky Territory</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.68972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.94361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.68972/lat 50.94361)">Kalgansky District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.68972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.94361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.68972/lat 50.94361)">Nerchinsky Mt. Range</a>, 10 km from Kalga Settlement to Aleksandrovsky Zavod Settlement, 50°56’37”N, 118°41’23”E, 754 m alt., 26.VII.2012, Czernyadjeva 31-12 (LE, MHA) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.85/lat 49.45)">Kyra District</a>, Sokhondinsky Nature Reserve: Enda River, ca. 49°27’N, 110°51’E, 1070 m alt., 14.VII.2010, Czernyadjeva 19-10 (LE, MHA) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.45/lat 49.633335)">Agutsa River</a>, ca. 49°38’N, 111°27’E, 1170 m alt., 18.VII.2010, Czernyadjeva 28-10 (LE, MHA) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.38944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.246666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.38944/lat 52.246666)">Gazimuro-Zavodsky District</a>, Pryamoy Mulday River, 52°14’48”N, 119°23’22”E, 664 m alt., 22.VII.2012, Afonina #2812 (LE, MHA)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B80B905DEA40FFAE7241F938FDF4B55D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ignatov, Michael S.;Ignatova, Elena A.;Czernyadjeva, Irina V.;Goffinet, Bernard;Kuznetsova, Oxana I.;Fedosov, Vladimir E.	Ignatov, Michael S., Ignatova, Elena A., Czernyadjeva, Irina V., Goffinet, Bernard, Kuznetsova, Oxana I., Fedosov, Vladimir E. (2015): Afoninia, a new moss genus of Funariaceae from Transbaikalia (East Siberia, Russia). Arctoa 24 (1): 14-20, DOI: 10.15298/arctoa.24.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.24.02
