taxonID	type	description	language	source
BF285E14BE3FFFFD24A5FAD2D20628B7.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Wixia gavensis Camargo, 1950. lsid urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 1 A 9401 D- 9 D 76 - 4320 - 9 AE 7 - 3 BB 047 AE 7 ACE Diagnosis: Males of Popperaneus can be distinguished from all other araneids with a paramedian apophysis by the morphology of the conductor, which has two distinct portions with a shared attachment to the tegulum (Figs 83 A, B, D, 84 A, C, 100 E, F, 103 B, C). The females are distinguished by the cylindrical aggregate spigots (Figs 55 F – H, 56 A) and the morphology of the copulatory ducts, which have two distinct, almost perpendicular portions (Figs 118 D, 119 D). The monophyly of Popperaneus (Goodman – Bremer support = 126) is supported by ten unambiguous phenotypic synapomorphies, four of which are unique and non-homoplastic (Fig. 17): pale lateral spots on the female carapace (character 3), cylindrical aggregate spigots (character 67), conductor with two distinct portions (character 87) and terminal apophysis with a well-developed perpendicular ridge (character 115). Description: Total body length 5.1 mm – 5.5 mm in males and 5.5 – 7.7 in females. Carapace longer than wide, with dusky sides and a medial pale yellow to brown longitudinal region. Females with two lateral pale spots on the cephalic region (Figs 19 I, J). Female carapace densely covered by type II white setae on the cephalic region (Figs 18 E, F, 19 I, J; character 1) and some scattered ones on the thoracic region (Fig. 18 E). Male carapace more hirsute than that of females. Sternum pale yellow to brown, approximately as long as wide and with imbricate cuticle texture. Labium pale yellow to brown, wider than long. Lateral eyes subequal in size. Posterior median eyes larger than anterior median eyes and surrounded by black rings (Figs 7 B – D, 8 D). Clypeus low, subequal to the diameter of the AME and with imbricate cuticle texture. Chelicerae pale yellow to dark brown. Female paturon with a pale area in the frontal surface. Legs yellowish, with dusky rings. Leg formula I> II> IV> III. Male coxae I with ventral hook (Fig. 26 H), femora II with prolateral groove (Fig. 30 I), and tibia II with enlarged macrosetae in the prolateral surface (Fig. 32 J) and macrosetae in the ventral sector of the retrolateral surface (Fig. 33 D). Male coxae IV and trochanter IV without macrosetae. Abdomen longer than wide. Dorsal and lateral surfaces with white, brown and black irregular marks, forming highly variable patterns among individuals. Ventral surface with a dusky median band from the epigynum to the spinnerets, flanked by two thin, white longitudinal bands. Booklungs cuticle obscurely imbricate (Fig. 46 E). Dorsal and lateral surfaces of the abdomen covered by white to pale brown short setae type II (see characters 41 and 42; Fig. 41 A, B). Abdominal tubercles disposed in four lateral pairs, the first bifid, and one posteromedian (Figs 8 D, 19 I, J, 41 A). ALS with a large PI field and one MAP accompanied by a nubbin (Figs 48 F, 49 A). Posterior median spinneret with numerous AC anterior to a central CY. One to three AC are located between the CY and the posterior mAP, which is accompanied by a posterior nubbin (Fig. 52 A, B). Posterior lateral spinnerets with numerous AC (Figs 55 F, 56 A). Females AG – FL triplet anterior to the AC and almost parallel with the anterior CY spigot. AG cylindrical, with smooth cuticle texture and not embracing the flagelliform spigot (Figs 55 F – H, 56 A). Posterior CY surrounded by AC. Epiandrous fusules arranged in a transverse line (Fig. 60 H). Male palpal coxae with a tooth-like projection facing a ventrobasal femoral projection (Fig. 62 H). Palpal patella with one macroseta. Paracymbium with a median ridge (Figs 83 C, 84 B). Tegulum basal knob well developed, projecting between the conductor upper portion and the terminal apophysis (Fig. 83 A, B). Median apophysis with a strongly sclerotized ridge (Figs 65 E, F, 83 A, 84 A). Conductor divided into two main portions connected to the tegulum by a shared medial attachment (Figs 65 E, F, 83 A, B, D, 84 C, 100 E, F, 103 B, C). Outer margin of the paramedian apophysis stalk oriented towards the conductor and apical fold, decreasing abruptly in width towards the tip (Fig. 103 B, C). Paramedian apophysis connected to the conductor through a short membrane (Fig. 100 E, F). Terminal apophysis surpassing the tegulum upper border, with a well-developed median ridge and attached to the radix by a thin, membranous region (Figs 65 E, F, 83 A, 84 A). Embolus elongate and fused with the terminal apophysis (Figs 64 E, F, 83 A, 84 A). Epigynum with a small scape (Fig. 118 A, B), lightly sclerotized. Epigynal lateral plates wider than the medial plate (Figs 118 B, 119 B). Copulatory ducts longer than fertilization ducts, with two almost perpendicular portions (Figs 118 D, 119 D). Spermathecae oval to spherical (Figs 118 E, 119 E). Composition: The genus consists of two species: Popperaneus gavensis (Camargo, 1950) comb. nov. and Popperaneus iguape (Levi, 1991) comb. nov. Complementary descriptions of Popperaneus species will be published in a forthcoming paper. Etymology: The generic name is a patronym honoring Sir Karl R. Popper (1902 – 1994), in recognition of his eminent contributions to the philosophy of science. The ending is derived from the genus Araneus. The gender is masculine. Distribution: Known from Brazil and Paraguay. It occupies a broad elevational range from sea level to 1500 m. Natural history: Popperaneus species are nocturnal spiders found in the Atlantic Forest. Popperaneus gavensis builds its vertical web at different heights above ground level, from ~ 5 cm to 1.5 m in vegetation associated with ravines. The web has an open hub, with relatively few radii and sticky spirals (Fig. 7 A). The spider rests at the centre of the web, hanging upside down. If the spider is disturbed, it moves quickly towards an attachment point, usually twigs or leaf petioles, where it remains immobile with its legs pressed to its body. There is no retreat. Popperaneus gavensis and P. iguape have been reported as prey of several hunting-wasp species of the genus Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) (Gonzaga & Vasconcellos-Neto, 2005; Buschini & Wolff, 2006; Buschini et al., 2006, 2008, 2010 a). A male specimen of P. gavensis was collected in a female web frame in Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro.	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE39FFF52707FA75D2C82A53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Males of Paraverrucosa are distinguished from all other araneids with a paramedian apophysis by the sharp sclerotized projection on the apical portion of the conductor (Fig. 86 B, D, F), the subapical constriction of the embolus (Figs 85 D, E, 86 B, D, F) and the sclerotized projection dividing the membrane between the paramedian apophysis and the conductor (Figs 100 D, 103 D, E). The females are distinguished by the following combination of characters: cephalic region covered by white setae type I (Figs 18 B, 19 D, 23 C), absence of macrosetae anterior to the fovea (Figs 19 D, 22 B), scape short (Figs 120, 121) and wide copulatory ducts (i. e. maximal width> 0.5 times the spermathecae minimal width) not surpassing the outer margin of spermathecae, curved ectally and slightly separate at the base (Figs 120 D, 121 B, D, F). The monophyly of Paraverrucosa (Goodman – Bremer support = 14) is supported by four unambiguous phenotypic synapomorphies, two of which are unique and non-homoplastic (Fig. 17): distal projection on the conductor (character 89) and embolus with subapical constriction (character 134). Description: Total body length 5.0 mm – 10.7 mm in males and 6.0 mm – 16.0 mm in females. Carapace longer than wide. Female carapace brown to black, with a pale transversal band posterior to the eyes (Figs 19 D, 22 B), not well-defined in P. neglecta. The female carapaces of P. eupalaestra and P. heteracantha also have a medial pale longitudinal band (Fig. 22 B). Male carapace with dusky sides and a medial pale yellow to brown longitudinal region. Female carapace densely covered by type I white setae in the cephalic region (Figs 18 B, 19 D, 23 C; see character 1) and some scattered ones in the thoracic region. Male carapace more hirsute than that of females. Sternum brown to black, approximately as long as wide and with imbricate cuticle texture. Labium brown to black and wider than long. Eyes subequal in size. Clypeus low, subequal to the diameter of the AME and with imbricate cuticle texture. Chelicerae pale yellow to dark brown. Female paturon with a pale area in the frontal surface (Fig. 23 C). Legs yellowish with dusky rings. Leg formula I> II> IV> III. Male coxae I with ventral hook, femora II with prolateral groove and tibia II with enlarged macrosetae in the prolateral surface. Male trochanter IV with macrosetae. central CY. Two to three AC are located between the CY and the posterior mAP, which is accompanied by a posterior nubbin (Fig. 52 C, D). Posterior lateral spinnerets with numerous AC (Fig. 56 B, C). Females AG – FL triplet anterior to the AC and almost parallel with the anterior CY spigot. AG conical, with shallow grooves and embracing the flagelliform spigot (Fig. 56 B, C). Posterior CY surrounded by AC. Epiandrous fusules arranged in a transverse line. Male palpal coxae with a tooth-like projection facing a ventrobasal femoral projection. Palpal patella with one macroseta. Paracymbium hook-like, with a smooth cuticle texture (Fig. 85 F). Median apophysis basal portion with a smooth cuticle on the upper ridge. Conductor with a distal sharp sclerotized projection (Figs 85 D, E, 86 B, D, F). Outer margin of the paramedian apophysis stalk oriented towards the tegulum (Fig. 103 D, E) and apical fold narrowed gradually towards the tip (Figs 85 A, 86 A, C, E, 103 D, E). Paramedian apophysis connected to the conductor throughout a short membrane, divided by a sclerotized projection of the conductor (Figs 100 D, 103 D, E). Terminal apophysis with median slit (Figs 85 A, 86 C), distal (Figs 85 A, 86 A, C, E) and basal projections (Figs 85 D, E, 86 B, D, F). Embolus with a subapical constriction and fused with the terminal apophysis (Figs 85 D, E, 86). Epigynum with a small scape (Figs 120 A – C, 121 A, C, E). Copulatory ducts wide (i. e. maximal width> 0.5 times the spermathecae minimal width) and longer than fertilization ducts (Figs 120 D, 121 B, D, F). Spermathecae oval (Figs 120 D, 121 B, D, F). Abdomen longer than wide. Dorsal and lateral surfaces with white, brown and black irregular marks forming highly variable patterns among individuals. Ventral surface homogeneously brown to black or with a dusky median band from the epigynum to the spinnerets, flanked by two thin white longitudinal bands. Booklungs cuticle smooth. Abdomen dorsal and lateral surfaces covered by white to pale brown short setae type I (see characters 41 and 42). Abdominal tubercles disposed in a single anteromedian tubercle, absent in P. heteracantha, four lateral pairs, the first bifid in P. uzaga and two to three posteromedian (Fig. 44 C, D). ALS with a large PI field and one MAP accompanied by a nubbin (Fig. 49 B, C). Posterior median spinneret with numerous AC anterior to a Composition: The genus consists of four species: Paraverrucosa eupalaestra Mello-Leitão, 1943 comb. rest., P. heteracantha (Mello-Leitão, 1943) comb. nov., P. neglecta Mello-Leitão, 1939 comb. rest. and P. uzaga (Levi, 1991) comb. nov. Complementary descriptions of Paraverrucosa species will be published in a forthcoming paper. Distribution: Known from Trinidad and Tobago to Argentina. It occupies a broad elevational range from sea level to 1960 m. Natural history: Natural history data of Paraverrucosa species are scarce and limited to information gathered from collecting labels. Male and female specimens have been collected by sweeping net, beating tray and nocturnal hand search. Males of P. neglecta were collected by fogging in the Ecuadorian Amazon region. Paraverrucosa eupalaestra and P. neglecta have been reported as prey of several hunting-wasp species of the genus Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) (Gonzaga & Vasconcellos-Neto, 2005; Buschini & Wolff, 2006; Buschini et al., 2006, 2008, 2010 a).	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE32FFBB24FBF970D47A2BBF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Males of Wagneriana are distinguished from all other araneids with a paramedian apophysis by having the bases of the paramedian apophysis and the conductor contiguous (Figs 101, 103 F, 104), the outer margin of the paramedian apophysis stalk connected to the tegulum (Figs 101 B, C, 104) and the inner margin connected to the conductor through a short, entire membrane (Figs 101 B, C, 104). Females resemble those of Paraverrucosa by the presence of white setae type I on the cephalic region (Fig. 18 A – D), the short scape (Figs 122 – 133) and the absence of a thoracic constriction (Fig. 18 A, C). They can be distinguished from Paraverrucosa by the presence of macrosetae anterior to the fovea (Figs 18 C, 22 F). Wagneriana females lacking those macrosetae do not present the diagnostic character combination for Paraverrucosa females. The monophyly of Wagneriana (Goodman – Bremer support = 13) is supported by a single unambiguous phenotypic synapomorphy (non-unique, homoplastic): absence of macrosetae on the dorsal surface of the male metatarsus II (character 30; Fig. 17). Additional morphological synapomorphies optimize ambiguously (see Table 11). Description: see Levi (1991). Additional data are as follows. Total body length 3.7 mm – 8.5 mm in males and 4.5 mm – 14.5 mm in females. Female carapace densely covered by white setae type I on the cephalic region (Fig. 18 A – D; see character 1) and some scattered ones on the thoracic region (Fig. 18 A, C). Male carapace more hirsute than that of females. Female carapace with a pale transversal band posterior to the eyes in some species (Fig. 19 A, B). Sternum with imbricate cuticle texture (Fig. 24 E, F). Eyes subequal in size. Clypeus low, subequal to the diameter of the AME and with imbricate cuticle texture (Figs 20 G, H, 23 F). Chelicerae pale yellow to dark brown. Female paturon with a pale area on the frontal surface (Fig. 23 D, E). Leg formula I> II> IV> III. Male coxae I with ventral hook (Fig. 26 I), femora II with prolateral groove (Fig. 30 J) and tibia II with enlarged macrosetae on the prolateral surface (Fig. 32 G – I). Abdomen dorsal and lateral surfaces covered by white to pale brown short setae type I (see characters 41 and 42; Fig. 41 E – H). Booklungs cuticle smooth (Fig. 45). ALS with a large PI field and one MAP accompanied by a nubbin (Fig. 50 B – F). Posterior median spinneret with numerous AC anterior to a central CY. One to three AC are located between the CY and the posterior mAP, which is accompanied by a posterior nubbin (Figs 52 I, 53). Posterior lateral spinnerets with numerous AC (Figs 56 H, 57). Females AG – FL triplet anterior to the AC and almost parallel with the anterior CY spigot. AG conical, with shallow grooves and embracing the flagelliform spigot (Figs 56 H, 57). Posterior CY surrounded by AC. Epiandrous fusules arranged in a transverse line (Fig. 61 C – J). Paracymbium hook-like, with a smooth cuticle texture in most species (Figs 66 E, F, 67 – 71, 90 B, C, 99 C). Outer margin of the paramedian apophysis stalk oriented towards the tegulum (Figs 101 B, C) and apical fold narrowing gradually towards the tip (Figs 96 A, C, E, 98 A, C, E). Median and terminal apophyses highly variable across species (Figs 66 E, F, 67 – 71, 87 – 99). Scape small (Figs 124 A, E, 125 A, C, 126 A, C, 128 A, C, E), lightly sclerotized (Fig. 129 A). Copulatory openings medial (Figs 125 A, 126 A) or apical (Figs 124 A, C, E). Composition: Wagneriana currently includes 34 species: W. acrosomoide s (Mello-Leitão, 1939), W. alma Levi, 1991, W. atuna Levi, 1991, W. carinata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904, W. cobella Levi, 1991, W. dimastophora (Mello-Leitão, 1940), W. eldorado Levi, 1991, W. hassleri Levi, 1991, W. huanca Levi, 1991, W. jacaza Levi, 1991, W. jelskii (Taczanowski, 1873), W. juquia Levi, 1991, W. lechuza Levi, 1991, W. madrejon Levi, 1991, W. maseta Levi, 1991, W. neblina Levi, 1991, W. pakitza Levi, 1991, W. roraima Levi, 1991, W. silvae Levi, 1991, W. spicata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889), W. taboga Levi, 1991, W. taim Levi, 1991, W. tauricornis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889), W. tayos Levi, 1991, W. transitoria (C. L. Koch, 1839), W. undecimtuberculata (Keyserling, 1865), W. allenuevo Alayón, 2011, W. vegas Levi, 1991, W. yacuma Levi, 1991 and five undescribed species (J. C. - G., unpublished data). Natural history: Wagneriana species build vertical orb webs at different heights from ground level (1 cm) to 2.5 m in a wide variety of habitats across the Neotropical region (Fig. 1). Wagneriana webs have an open hub, with numerous radii and sticky spirals (Fig. 2; see also Levi, 1991). The spider rests at the centre of the web, hanging upside down. If the spider is disturbed, it moves quickly towards an attachment point, usually twigs, where it remains immobile with its legs pressed to its body. The body morphology and resting position make it difficult to distinguish the spider from the substrate (Figs 3 – 6). Wagneriana dimastophora and W. juquia have been reported as prey of hunting-wasp species of the genus Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) (Gonzaga & Vasconcellos-Neto, 2005; Buschini et al., 2006, 2008, 2010 b). In addition, according to collecting labels, W. jacaza and W. undecimtuberculata have been collected within nests of Sceliphron hunting-wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Distribution: Known from southern USA to Argentina. It occupies a broad elevational range from sea level to 2700 m. NEW SYNONYMIES	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE7FFFBD2539F94AD4C82A47.taxon	description	(FIGS 22 D, E, 39, 50 E, 53 C, 57 C, 61 D, 63 H, 67 A, 91 C, D, 122 E, F)	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE74FFB024EBFACED2C32B27.taxon	description	(FIGS 30 J, 32 I, 41 E, F, 50 F, 53 D, 57 D, 61 I, 71 B, 90, 101 C, D, 104 B, 133 E, F)	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE74FFB627F5F9C5D5B42B49.taxon	description	(FIGS 27, 70 E, 98 A, B, 132 C, D)	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE74FFB627F5F9C5D5B42B49.taxon	description	NOMINA DUBIA The types of the following nominal Wagneriana species are immature. Therefore, we consider the specimens unidentifiable and the associated names as nomina dubia.	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE72FF4B2764F90BD77E2888.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Levi (1991) suggested this species as a doubtful synonym of W. transitoria. Nevertheless, being a juvenile specimen, this species could be assigned to any of the several Wagneriana species distributed in the Brazilian Pantanal and Amazon regions.	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE8FFF4B2494FA25D2E928FE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Levi (1991) considered the size of the first pair of abdominal tubercles as a diagnostic character for W. grandicornis. Nevertheless, the size and shape of abdominal tubercles across Wagneriana species are extremely variable and, as such, not reliable for delineation (see Supporting Information, Appendix S 1, Fig. 39). For example, we observed dorsally projected anterior tubercles as those characteristic of the W. grandicornis holotype in several specimens of W. atuna, W. dimastophora and W. vegas. The female specimen collected in Costa Rica tentatively identified as W. grandicornis by Levi (1991) was examined (MCZ 139867) and identified as W. atuna. MISPLACED TAXA	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE8FFF452776F98AD3A12BD6.taxon	description	(FIG. 134)	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE8FFF452776F98AD3A12BD6.taxon	description	Justification for the transfer: Our phylogenetic analysis places W. carimagua in Parawixia (Figs 15, 17). Parawixia carimagua has pale, rounded patches in the sternum (character 12; Fig. 134 B), terminal apophysis articulated with the radix (character 111) and a long membrane between the paramedian apophysis and the conductor bases (character 97; Fig. 134 E), as is the case in other Parawixia species. Justification for synonymy: Examination of the male holotype of P. porvenir shows that this specimen has the diagnostic C-shaped embolus of P. carimagua and, as such, it should be considered as a junior synonym of the latter species. Diagnosis: Parawixia carimagua can be differentiated from all other species by having a C-shaped embolus (Fig. 134 D, E). Description: Male: see Levi (1991). Female: unknown. Distribution: Known only from two localities in the Meta state, Colombia.	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
BF285E14BE83FF5E2719F941D2B72A14.taxon	description	The holotype of W. turrigera reveals that this specimen does not present any of the diagnostic characters of the genus Wagneriana, but instead it has a combination of characters typical of the genus Alpaida, such as the small scape, a yellow carapace with black rings around the eyes, and setae type III in the cephalic area. The placement of this species in Alpaida should be tested further with the scoring of morphological characters from the still unknown male palp. Diagnosis: Alpaida turrigera resembles A. octolobata in the presence of abdominal tubercles disposed in three lateral pairs, one anteromedian and one posteromedian and the weakly sclerotized epigynum. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the greater size of the anteromedian tubercle and the shape of the median epigynal plate. Description: Male: unknown.	en	Cabra-García, Jimmy, Hormiga, Gustavo (2020): Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188: 976-1151
