taxonID	type	description	language	source
BC3D9F166E1DFFD7FFC8E8EE22B1FA81.taxon	description	Scleria tenuis Retz. (1786) 13. — Carex tenuis (Retz.) J. F. Gmel. (1791) 138. — Type: Koenig s. n. (lectotype designated here: LD 1277858), Sri Lanka.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E1DFFD7FFC8E8EE22B1FA81.taxon	description	Scleria purpurea Poir. (1806) 4. — Hypoporum purpurascens Nees (1834) 303, nom illeg. — Type: Collector unknown (type not located), U. S. Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E1DFFD7FFC8E8EE22B1FA81.taxon	description	JE 00005190, L 0042770, S 13 - 19138), Puerto Rico, Jabucoa. Scleria puzzolanea K. Schum. (Engler 1894) 28, nom. inval. based on Holst 2797 (K), Tanzania, Tanga District, Amboni. Scleria lithosperma f. ramosa Domin (1915) 487, nom. nud. in synon. Rhizomatous perennial, caespitose. Culm 60 – 80 cm, glabrous to puberulous. Leaves 10 – 35 cm by 1 – 4 mm, puberulent; sheaths finely pilose to glabrescent; contraligule triangular, densely ciliate. Inflorescence spiciform, terminal and lateral, unbranched, with 3 – 5 glomerules (Fig. 1 i), laterals subtended by leafy bracts. Spikelets androgynous, 4 – 5.5 mm long, glumes glabrous. Nutlet 2 by 1.5 mm, ovoid to obovoid, smooth, trigonous, with three depressions at the base. Distribution — Pantropical. It is a very widespread species which grows in maritime regions, but also present in semi-dry grasslands, croplands and disturbed areas (Simpson & Inglis 2001, Naczi & Ford 2008). In West Polynesia, it is a weed (Holm et al. 1979). Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, present along the southeastern and northwest coast, in low altitude dry and semideciduous forest, rarely over alt. 600 m. Conservation — Scleria lithosperma is pantropical, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana, Daraina, 81 m, 2 Mar. 2005, L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison LN 1526 (G, K); Bassin de Biromba, 217 m, 28 May 2001, S. Wholhauser & H. Andriamalaza SW 448 (G, K); Daraina, 204 m, 20 Mar. 2004, L. Gautier et al. LG 4654 (G, K); Daraina, 325 m, 5 Mar. 2003, L. Gautier et al. LG 4230 (G, K). Note — Because of its leafy bracts and lateral panicles, it is included in its own sect. Lithospermae (Clarke 1908, Chermezon 1937, Bauters et al. 2018). Previously, Haines & Lye (1983) placed this species in sect. Corymbosae Pax. The other variety, Scleria lithosperma var. linearis Benth., is restricted to tropical Asia and Australia. It is used to treat skin infections and diseases in India (Vijayan et al. 2007, Chendurpandy et al. 2010, Rani et al. 2011). In Tanzania, it is used in treatments for dysmenhorrhoea and to help during childbirth (Burkill 1985).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E1DFFD6FC87E8CE26D4FDEE.taxon	description	Scleria andringitrensis Cherm. (1923) 297. — Type: Perrier de la Bâthie 14385 (lectotype designated by Bauters et al. 2019: P 00457098; isolectotypes: K 000363345, P 00457099, P 00457100, TAN 000431), Madagascar, Fianarantsoa, Massif de l’Andringitra, 2200 m, Mar. 1922. Perennial, caespitose. Culms 20 – 30 cm by 0.5 – 0.8 mm, glabrous. Leaves 1 – 1.5 mm broad, glabrous, sheaths glabrous; contraligule hairy. Inflorescence a 15 cm spike with unbranched glomerules spread every 2 – 3 cm; each glomerule consists of 1 – 3 erect androgynous spikelets. Spikelets with glumes 5 – 5.5 mm long; glumes glabrous, reddish. Nutlet 1.3 by 1 mm, ellipsoid, white, conspicuously transversally striated (Fig. 2 o). Distribution — Endemic to Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — Endemic to the Andringitra Massif, growing in ericoid forest, alt. 1600 – 2200 m. Conservation — Scleria andringitrensis is endemic to Madagascar and found only in the Andringitra Protected Area. This species is only known from two herbarium specimens, the most recent of which was collected in 1970. The estimation of AOO (8 km 2) does not exceed the value of the Critical Endangered category, and the species is only known from one location. This species and its habitat are threatened by grazing and increased frequency of fires for the renewal of pastures (F. Rakotonasolo, pers. comm. 2017). Therefore, it is assessed as Critically Endangered under the criterion B 2 ab (ii, iii). Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa, Massif de l’Andringitra, 2200 m, Mar. 1922, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 14385 (K); ibid., 1700 m, 2 Mar. 1970, J. L. Guillaumet 3502 (P 01898843); Reserve Naturelle IntegraleAndringitra, Plateau d’Andohariana, 1950 – 2000 m, S 22 ° 10 ' E 046 ° 54 ', 5 Feb. 1997, C. Rakotovao et al. 753 (K). Note — The shape and ornamentation of the nutlets of S. andringitrensis is unique amongst the rest of Madagascan species, and makes it very easy to identify.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E1CFFD6FFC8EF13263AFB49.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Only known from Ankaratra in Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — Boggy lake edges. Conservation — Since this species has only recently been discovered, more information is needed to perform a detailed conservation assessment. Therefore, it is currently indicated as Data Deficient.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E1CFFD6FFC8E9F92384FB3F.taxon	description	Scleria bulbifera Hochst. ex A. Rich. (1850) 510. — Type: Schimper III 1557 (lectotype designated by Bauters et al. 2019: P 00465915; isolectotypes BR 0000008454294, BR 0000008638458, E 00200224, GENT, GOET 002935, K 000320846, M 0107104, MO- 2204657, P 00465917), Ethiopia, Sana, In montibus prope Dochli, 5 Aug. 1841. Scleria atrosanguinea Hochst. ex Steud. (1855) 175. — Type: Schimper III 327 (lectotype designated by Bauters et al. 2019: P 00465919; isolectotypes B †, BR 0000008454621, GENT, K 000320849, K 000320850, LG 0000090029172, M 0107109, M 0107108, MPU 012533, P 00465920, P 00465921, S 13 - 18976, S 13 - 18978, STU 000378, STU 000379, WU 0073559), Ethiopia, Adoa, Montis Scholada, 3 Oct. 1837.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E1CFFD6FFC8E9F92384FB3F.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Tropical and South Africa, Madagascar and Arabian Peninsula. Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, it is restricted to the Central Plateau and Highlands. The species occurs in grasslands and mixed woodland grasslands, on siliceous soils, alt. 800 – 1500 m. Conservation — Scleria bulbifera is widely distributed in Africa and Madagascar, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antananarivo, Antsirabe, Sahatsiho, 1600 m, 24. Dec. 1928, H. Humbert 7124 (P 01707777, K); ibid., 1500 m, Oct. 1913, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 2661 (P 01707770); Central Madagascar, Oct. 1882, R. Baron 2003 (K, P 01707771, P 01707772); Fianarantsoa, Massif de l’Andringitra, 1600 – 2000 m, Nov. – Dec. 1924, H. Humbert 3636 (P 01707773, P 01707774); Ihosy, Isalo, 856 m, 23 Jan. 2008, M. Andriamahay & S. Rokotoarisoa SNGF 1859 (K, SNGF, TEF); Toliara, Antanimena-Itremo, 4. Dec. 2012, F. Rakotonasolo RNF 2093 (K, P 01063613, TAN). Note — Gordon-Gray (1995) pointed that S. bulbifera shows a wide range of nutlet morphologies. Further research is needed to assess its intraspecific variation.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E1CFFD9FC87E82D26FAFCB2.taxon	description	Hypoporum humile Nees (1834) 303, nom. nud.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E1CFFD9FC87E82D26FAFCB2.taxon	description	Anerma hispidula Schrad. ex Nees (1842) 170, nom. nud. in synon. Scleria michauxii Chapm. (1860) 532. — Type: Michaux s. n. (lectotype designated by Bauters et al. 2019: P 00169707; isolectotype P 00668894), USA, Florida. Scleria humilis (Nees) Britton (1885) 235, nom. nud.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E1CFFD9FC87E82D26FAFCB2.taxon	description	Perennial, rhizome 2 – 3 mm diam. Culms 20 – 50 cm, arising every 1 – 2 cm along the rhizome, sometimes thickened at the base. Leaves 10 – 15 cm by 2 – 5 mm, puberulous, less often glabrous; sheaths hairy; contraligule strongly ciliate. Inflorescence a terminal spike, 8 – 10 cm long, with 4 – 8 glomerules; glomerules unbranched, reflexed (Fig. 1 g). Spikelets androgynous; glumes 4 – 4.5 mm, straw-coloured, villose, awned; hairs white, dark towards the apex. Nutlets 1 – 2 mm long, obovoid, white, smooth. Distribution — (Sub) tropical America, Tropical Africa and Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, it is found on the Central High Plateau. Conservation — Scleria distans var. distans is widely distributed in (sub) tropical America, Tropical Africa and Madagascar, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, 1867, Lyall 209 (K); ibid., Lyall s. n. (K); Central Madagascar, Dec. 1883, R. Baron 397 (K). Note — Most vouchers of S. distans in Madagascar belong to the variety chondrocarpa. In South America, the rhizome is smashed and drunk as mate or tereré, to treat diabetes and intestinal parasites (Pin et al. 2009).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E13FFD9FFC8EEA0267DF7CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Eastern Africa and Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, it is found in canopy gaps, degraded mid altitude evergreen forest, and grasslands, alt. 700 – 1600 m. Less frequent along the low altitude evergreen forest. Conservation — Scleria distans var. chondrocarpa is widely distributed in Eastern Africa and Madagascar, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, 7 May 1912, P. A. Methuen s. n. (K); Antananarivo, Ankazobe, 25 Mar. 1930, R. Decary 7711 (P 01707753, TAN); Ivato, 1365 m, 25 Jan. 1975, T. B. Croat 29582 (K, MO, P 01896575); Intremo Massif, 1300 – 1400 m, 27 Jan. 1975, T. B. Croat 29888 (K, MO, P 01896573); Central Madagascar, Oct. 1881, R. Baron 801 (K); Aug. 1880, G. W. Parker 23 (K); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, 1205 m, 21 Apr. 2010, I. Larridon et al. 2010 - 0241 (GENT); ibid., 1128 m, 21 Apr. 2010, I. Larridon et al. 2010 - 0229 (GENT); ibid., 1178 m, 21 Apr. 2010, I. Larridon et al. 2010 - 0248 (GENT); ibid., RN 7, PK 294, 1717 m, 22 Apr. 2010, I. Larridon et al. 2010 - 0279 (GENT); Ambohimitombo Forest, 1350 – 1440 m, Jan. 1895, Forsyth Major 226 (K); 33 km south of Irondro 600 m, 26 Mar. 1993, D. Turk & M. Beck 367 (K); Ambohimahamasina, 1941, Herbier. Jard. Bot 4550 (K, TAN); South Midongy National Park, 2 Mar. 1927, R. Decary 4980 (K); Toamasina, 15 Feb. 1930, R. Decary 7137 (P 01707752). Note — The drooping glomerules with black hairs make it very similar to the annual Scleria melanotricha Hochst. & A. Rich. However, S. melanotricha does not have a creeping rhizome and its nutlet has three conspicuous tubercles mixed with three smooth bands and an orange rugose rim on the stipe. Scleria melanotricha is restricted to mainland Africa. In addition, S. distans var. chondrocarpa has been confused many times with S. hirtella, another annual very similar in appearance. However, S. hirtella is a strictly American species (Raynal 1976, Camelbeke et al. 2001).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E13FFD9FC87ED842303FC13.taxon	description	Scleria hilsenbergii Ridl. (1884 b) 16. — Type: Hilsenberg & Bojer s. n. (lectotype designated here: BM 000922714), Madagascar. Annual. Culms puberulous at least at the base, 30 – 40 cm long. Leaves 10 – 15 cm by 1 – 1.5 mm, glabrous to puberulent. Inflorescence is a terminal lax panicle, 5 – 10 cm long (Fig. 1 h); glomerules with 2 – 5 spikelets, held by thin erect branches up to 4 cm long. Spikelets androgynous; glumes 3 – 4.5 mm long, straw-coloured or reddish, glabrous; glumes bearing female flowers mucronate (0.5 – 1 mm). Nutlet 1 – 1.3 by 0.7 – 1 mm diam, trigonous, densely tuberculate, wrinkles arranged mainly transversally (Fig. 2 i – j). Distribution — Endemic to Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — Endemic to Central Madagascar, alt. 1000 – 1700 m. Wetlands, degraded grasslands and secondary forest patches. Conservation — Scleria hilsenbergii is endemic and widespread in the Central Highland of Madagascar. It is found in Andringitra, Isalo and Marojejy protected areas. There are no specific threats known which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antananarivo, Analamanga Region, 9 Mar. 2010, F. A. Rajaonary 45 (K, MO); ibid., June 1961, J. Bosser 15071 (K, TAN); Ankatso, 10 Feb. 1923, M. Decary 382 (K, P 01888589); Itasy Region, Lake Itasy, Jan. 1931, G. F. Scott Elliot 1908 (K, P 01888593); Antsirabe, Vontovorona, 2035 m, 1 Apr. 1971, K. A. Lye 5947 (K); Fianarantsoa, Apr. 2010, I. Larridon et al. 2010 - 0268 (GENT); Andringita National Park, 1581 m, Apr. 2010, I. Larridon et al. 2010 - 0122 (GENT); Toamasina: Besakay, Apr. 1992, A. Dhondt 7 (GENT).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E13FFD9FC87E907224EF895.taxon	description	Scleria perpusilla Cherm. (1929) 557. — Type: Perrier de la Bâthie 18433 (lectotype designated by Bauters et al. 2019: P 00346040; isolectotypes BR 0000013180607, P 00346041, US), Madagascar, Antananarivo, Analabé au nord de Tananarive, 1500 m, Feb. 1928. Annual. Culms 3 – 8 cm by 0.3 – 0.5 mm, glabrous. Leaves 1.5 – 2.5 cm by 0.75 mm, glabrous. Inflorescence a reduced, terminal spike with 1 – 3 glomerules, each with 1 – 6 spikelets. Spikelets androgynous; glumes 3.5 – 4.5 cm, dark purple, glabrous. Nutlet 1.2 by 1 mm, ellipsoid, white, ornamentation transversely wrinkled to reticulated (Fig. 2 f). Distribution — Endemic to Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — Endemic to Central Madagascar. On rocky soils, alt. 1200 – 1500 m. Conservation — Scleria perpusilla is endemic and only occurs in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. It is known from three locations and found in the Andringitra Protected Area. This species and its habitat are threatened by grazing and pasture fire (F. Rakotonasolo, pers. comm. 2017). Therefore and in com- bination with its restricted distribution (AOO = 12 km 2, EOO = 9 769 km 2), this species is assessed as Endangered under the criteria B 2 ab (i, ii, iii). Additionalspecimens. MADAGASCAR, Antananarivo, 1500 m, Feb. 1928, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 18433 (BR, P 00346040, P 00346041); Ankazobe, Mar. 1930, R. Decary 7695 (K, P 01888491); ibid., Mar. 1962, J. Bosser 15968 (P 01888490). Note — This species may be undercollected because of its small habit. It was collected for the last time in 1962.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E13FFD8FC87EABA2645FBFE.taxon	description	Scleria pooides Ridl. (1884 a) 170. — Type: Welwitsch 7142 (lectotype designated by Bauters et al. 2019: LISU 222777; isolectotype BM 000922698, K 000363388, LISU 222778), Angola, Huilla, Nov. 1859.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E13FFD8FC87EABA2645FBFE.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Tropical Africa and Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar it is found in the central grasslands, alt. 1200 – 1500 m. Conservation — Scleria pooides is widely distributed in Tropical Africa and Madagascar, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antananarivo, environs de Antsirabe, Jan. 1914, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 2727 (P 01888480); ibid., Jan. 1956, J. Bosser 8921 (P 01888479, TAN); Mont Lombony, environs de Antsirabe, 1500 m, Jan. 1920, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12982 (P 01888481, TAN 001211); forêt de la Mandraka, 1909, d’ Alleizetle 328 (P 01888482). Note — Ridley named this species after the genus Poa L. because of the slender and flexuous branches that hold the solitary spikelets. It can be distinguished from S. hilsenbergii due to its smaller glumes, solitary spikelets and shorter and crowded panicle. It appears as S. po ae oides in the protologue, however, its spelling has been revised to S. pooides (Govaerts et al. 2019, IPNI 2018).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E12FFD8FC87ECB72489F8F0.taxon	description	Perennial with a thick rhizome. Culm 0.75 – 1.5 m by 3 – 8 mm. Leaves 25 – 40 cm by 5 – 8 mm, scabridous to glabrous; basal leaves persistent; antrorse hairs present on margins and central nerve, up to 0.5 mm long; sheath closed, V-shaped, partially membranous; contraligule absent. Inflorenscence of truncated panicles (Fig. 1 e), terminal and lateral, several per node, secondary branches very short; peduncles up to 20 cm, flexuous, reddish. Spikelets unisexual or subandrogynous; rachilla purple, dentate; glumes densely ciliate on the inner surface, male 3 – 4 mm, female 4.5 – 5 mm, purple on the lower half, straw-coloured at the top, margin finely ciliate. Nutlet 4 – 4.5 by 2 – 3 mm diam, beaked, smooth, white; hypogynium present, margin revolute, embracing the stipe, red dotted. Distribution — Tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, occurring on the grasslands and the mixed woodland grasslands of the Central High Plateau, alt. 1300 – 1700 m. Vernacular name — Malagasy: vendrana. Conservation — Least Concern (Thacker & Juffe Bignoli 2013). Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Dec. 1958, J. Bosser 12395 (K 000455296); Antananarivo, 17 Jan. – 22 Apr. 1955, H. Humbert 28167 (MO, P 01921102, TAN); Andrangoloaka, Ost-Imerina, Nov. 1880, J. M. Hildebrandt 3751 (K 000363343); Ankaratra, Lac Froid, 1650 m, 24 Apr. 2010, I. Larridon et al. 2010 - 0336 (GENT, K); near Carion, Mar. 1961, J. Bosser 15031 (K 000455295, P 01896547); Central, Oct. 1882, R. Baron 1870 (K 000363344); ibid., Dec. 1883, R. Baron 3331 (K 000455294); ibid., Nov. 1885, R. Baron 4102 (K 000455293); Fianarantsoa, near Ambatofinandrahana, 1400 – 1500 m, 16 Jan. 1955, H. Humbert & R. Capuron 28123 (K, MO, P 01896548); Ambositra, 3 Dec. 1995, M. Desfayes 95.3121 (GENT); RN 7, 113 – 116 km N of Fianarantsoa, 1580 – 1590 m, 28 Jan. 1975, T. B. Croat 29973 (MO, P 01896564); West Itremo, 17 Jan. – 22 Apr. 1955, H. Humbert 30062 (P 01896546). Note — Scleria greigiifolia is often misspelled. Kern (1963) commented on the origin of this issue. In Madagascar, a prepa- ration from the leaves is drunk to treat fevers (Rasoanaivo et al. 1992).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E12FFD8FFC8E9BB2469FECA.taxon	description	Scleria poiformis Retz. (1786) 13. — Carex poiformis (Retz.) J. F. Gmel. (1791) 138. — Type: KÖnig s. n. (lectotype designated here: C 10010679), Sri Lanka.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E12FFD8FFC8E9BB2469FECA.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, Madagascar, Asia and Australia. It has become a weed in Australia, Thai- land, Vietnam and Indonesia, where it grows in swamps, wet grasslands and in croplands (Holm et al. 1979, Simpson & Inglis 2001, Naczi & Ford 2008). Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, it occurs along the east coast, at sea level. Conservation — Scleria poiformis is widely distributed in Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, Madagascar, Asia and Australia, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa, Jan. 1964, J. Bosser 19017 (MO, P 01888489, TAN); Toamasina, environs deTamatave, 10 Jan. 1933, Decary s. n. (P 01888488); environs de Tamatave, 27 Nov. 1912, R. Viguier & H. Humbert 431 (P 01888485); Vatomandry, Nov. 1921, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 14102 (P 01888484, TAN). Note — It is used in West Africa, for polishing wood and to reduce abdominal inflammation (Burkill 1985). The name that appears in the protologue is S. po ae formis; however, its spelling has been revised to S. poiformis (Govaerts et al. 2019, IPNI 2018).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E12FFDBFC87EABF27A1F8F3.taxon	description	Scleria melanomphala f. oculo-albo C. B. Clarke (1900 b) 59. — Type: Gillet 321 (not located), Democratic Republic of Congo, Kisantu, 1899. Scleria longigluma Kük. (1921 b) 22. — Type: Ule 8066 (lectotype designated here: B 100296703, isolectotypes K 000584481, K 000584482, L 0819883, NY 00051758, NY 00051795), Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Branco, Parime, auf Sumpfcampo bei der Serra de Paracaima, Nov. 1909. Scleria centralis Cherm. (1931) 50. — Type: not located. Scleria tisserantii Cherm. (1931) 50. — Type: Tisserant 2692 (lectotype designated here: P 00466029; isolectotypes BR 0000005572144, IFAN 31813, P 00466030, P 00466031), Central African Republic, Région de Bambari, Yanguya, 50 km SE of Bambari, 21 Sept. 1928. Perennial with well-developed rhizome, 4 – 6 mm thick; tufted, many leaves and stems with hairy margins and edges persist. Culm 0.5 – 1.3 m by 1 – 2 mm, edges pilose at the base. Leaves 25 – 35 by 0.3 – 0.5 cm, margin ciliate at the proximal part (1 mm); contraligule truncated, obtuse, slightly membranous on the margin, glabrous or ciliate. Inflorescence a truncated panicle (Fig. 1 d), in terminal and lateral positions, sometimes more than one per node; bracts 2 – 3 cm long, shorter than the inflorescence, straw-coloured or purplish; peduncles 2 – 15 cm. Spikelets unisexual or subandrogynous; glumes 0.8 – 1.2 cm long, mucronate, glabrous inside and hairy on the external side, purplish with a green brownish midrib. Nutlet 3 – 3.5 by 2 – 2.5 mm diam, ovoid to elliptic, smooth, apex dark; hypogynium with lobes barely marked, yellowish brown. Distribution — Africa, South America and Madagascar, in open wet places (Simpson & Inglis 2001). Habitat & Ecology — In Central Madagascar, alt. 900 – 1700 m. Conservation — Scleria melanomphala is widely distributed in Africa, South America and Madagascar, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarive 331.9 (P 01888503); ibid., Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarive 331.10 (P 01888505); Antananarivo, 16 Mar. 1930, R. Decary 7590 (P 01784488, TAN); Ambotolampy, 14 Feb. 1930, J. Peltier & M. Peltier 1875 (P 01888511); Antsirabe, Vontovorona, 2020 – 2050 m, 1 Apr. 1971, K. A. Lye 5945 (K); Manankazo, Ankazobe, 9 Jan. 1913, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 2692 (P 01888513); Ankaratra, Lake Froid, 1650 m, 24 Apr. 2010, I. Larridon et al. 2010 - 0336 B (GENT); Mandraka Forest, Aug. 1906, Herbier de Ch. d’Alleizette 1013 (P 01888507); Mandraka Forest, 16 Aug. 1906, Herbier L. Rotereau s. n. (P 01888510); Soamahamanina, 1200 m, 3 Feb. 2000, A. Raynal-Roques et al. 24936 (MO, P 01888500, TAN); Central Madagascar, Betsileo, Jan. 1881, J. M. Hildebrandt 4015 (K, P 01888508); Oct. 1882, R. Baron 2007 (K, P 01888499); Fianarantsoa: 14 km au sud de Fianarantsoa, 22 Oct. 1970, M. Keraudren-Aymonin & G. G. Aymonin 25103 (P 01888509); near Ambatofinandrahana (Betsileo), 1400 – 1500 m, 16 Jan. 1955, H. Humbert & R. Capuron 28118 (P 01888498); West Itremo, 1500 – 1700 m, 17 – 22 Jan. – 18 – 22 Apr. 1955, H. Humbert 300? 2 (P 01888502); ibid., H. Humbert 28168 (P 01888504). Note — This species was identified in Middle Stone Age settlements in South Africa along with S. natalensis Boeckeler ex C. B. Clarke, used for bedding (Wadley et al. 2011). Burkill (1985) recorded its use as treatment for disorders of the urinary system.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E11FFDBFFC8EAB3229EF99C.taxon	description	Scleria boivinii Steud. (1855) 173. — Type: Boivin 1643 (lectotype P 04021507; isolectotype K), Madagascar, Toamasina, Sainte Marie, Lafondrou Forest (Tafondro), 1849.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E11FFDBFFC8EAB3229EF99C.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Comoros. This species is recorded as invasive in Ghana (Holm et al. 1979). Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, it is very common and forms dense populations on edges and in canopy gaps of wet forest, alt. 0 – 2000 m. Vernacular names — Malagasy: vondranditi, sambi havitra, filelatra, diti. Conservation — Scleria boivinii is widely distributed in Tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Comoros, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana, Reserve Spéciale Monongarivo, Bekolosy, 22 May 1995, L. Gautier & C. Chatelain LG 2766 (K, MO, P 01888433); ibid., 7 – 12 Dec. 1992, S. Malcomber et al. 1975 (K, MO, P 01888419); Betsitsika Forest, 149 m, 12 Jan. 2009, M. Y. Ammann et al. MYA 247 (K); SAVA, 940 m, 15 Jan. 2004, L. Nusbaumer 993 (G); Fianarantsoa, 12 km E of Ifanadiana, 600 m, 18 Dec. 1997, P. Wilkin et al. 946 (GENT, K, P 01888423, TAN); Ambilandrano, 450 m, 9 Jan. 1993, H. Beentje 4802 (K, TAN); Soanierana, 100 m, 30 Nov. 1938, Lam & Meeuse 5556 (K, P 01888425); Toamasina, 10 km south of Foulpointe, 12 Dec. 1984, L. J. Dorr & L. C. Barnett 3394 (K, MO, P 01888432); Sainte Marie, Lafondrou Forest (Tafondro) 1849, M. Boivin 1643 (K, P 04021507); Valleé de la Fanjahirana, 19 Sept. 1932, M. R. Decary 10647 (K, P 01888420); Toliara, Fort-Dauphin, Ivohibe Forest, 386 m, Nov. 2005, R. Razakamalala et al. 2476 (K, MO); near Fort-Dauphin, Manantantely Forest, 60 – 300 m, 22 Nov. 1928, H. Humbert 5780 (K, P 01888422). Note — According to morphological and molecular data (Bauters et al. 2016), it is closely related to Scleria secans. This has led to many misidentifications. However, S. boivinii is an African taxon, whereas S. secans only occurs in South America. Scleria boivinii is locally used in many ways. Nutlets are used as beads in necklaces in Ghana (Abbiw 1990). In Tropical Africa, macerates and decoctions of leaves and stems are used to ease childbirth (Lebbie & Guries 1995), treat coughs, blennorrhoea, toothache, snakes bites (Burkill 1985), headaches (Betti 2004, Idu et al. 2014) and onchocerciasis (Abondo et al. 1990).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E11FFDAFC87EBDB25BDFD07.taxon	description	Scleria achtenii De Wild. (1926) 16. — Type: Achten 97 B (lectotype designated here: BR 0000008638908), Democratic Republic of Congo, Kasaï. Scleria substriatoalveolata De Wild. (1926) 23. — Type: Vanderyst 1890 (lectotype BR 0000008638915), Democratic Republic of Congo, June 1913.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E11FFDAFC87EBDB25BDFD07.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar. Habitat — Only one locality in Madagascar, on a sandy embankment in mid altitude evergreen forest, alt. 1127 m. Conservation — Scleria achtenii is widely distributed in Tropical and southern Africa, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, 1127 m, 21 Apr. 2010, I. Larridon et al. 2010 - 0228 B (GENT). Note — First time cited from Madagascar. The hypogynium of S. achtenii, unlike S. nyasensis C. B. Clarke, has bifid or trifid lobes and a single inflorescence panicle in each node.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E10FFDAFFC8EE2A25F5F7CE.taxon	description	Scleria foliosa Hochst. ex A. Rich. (1850) 509. — Type: Schimper 1232 (lectotype designated here: BM 000758637), Ethiopia, Afar, 18 Sept. 1838. Scleria foliosa var. major Oliv. (1875) 169. — Type: not located.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E10FFDAFFC8EE2A25F5F7CE.taxon	description	Scleria perrieri Cherm. (1923) 297. — Type: Perrier de la Bâthie 12704 (lectotype designated here: P 00346037, isolectotypes P 00346038, P 00346039), Madagascar, near Onilahi River (Benenitsa), July 1919. Annuals with a poorly developed root system. Culm 0.35 – 0.8 m by 2 – 3 mm. Leaves 15 – 30 cm by 3 – 4 mm, glabrous, antrorse hairs on the central veins of the distal part, margin scabrid, three conspicuous central nerves, pleated when dried; contraligule rounded, glabrous, margin entire, surface slightly ciliate towards the mouth. Inflorescence of terminal and lateral truncated panicles (Fig. 1 f), two per node; leafy bracts present, much longer than the inflorescence on the basal panicles, at least as long on the terminal; laterals with a peduncle of 3 – 15 cm long, longer towards the base. Spikelets unisexual or subandrogynous; glumes straw-coloured with green midrib, male 4.5 – 5 mm long, females 5 by 2.5 – 3 mm. Nutlet ovoid, 3.5 by 2.5 mm, reticulated but smooth towards the distal third, white; hypogynium cream-coloured, loosely attached to the nutlet, trilobed, lobes rounded to orbicular. Distribution — Tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, it is found in open forest and grasslands, alt. 500 – 1300 m. Conservation — Least Concern (Mani 2011). Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antananarivo, Mar. 1960, J. M. Bosser 13623 (TAN); ibid., Feb. 1961, J M. Bosser 14870 (TAN); Fianarantsoa, Apr. 1960, J. M. Bosser 14115 (P 01707650, P 01707651, P 01707652, P 01707653, TAN); Mahajanga, Betainkankana, Ankaizina, Mar. 1952, J. M. Bosser 2771 (P 01707649); Toamasina, Apr. 1962, J. M. Bosser 15912 (P 01707648, TAN); Toliara, Analavelona Forest, 950 – 1250 m, Mar. 1934, H. Humbert 14233 (K, TAN). Note — Chermezon (1937) distinguished the only Malagas- can specimen of S. foliosa included in his revision as S. perrieri, based on the faded reticulation of the nutlet and its attached hypogynium. However, the rest of characters are identical to S. foliosa. Used as fodder in Sudan (Simpson & Inglis 2001) and as a treatment for gonorrhoea in Tanzania (Burkill 1985).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E10FFDAFC87ED8424E2FB6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Eastern coast of Africa and northeastern coast of Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, it is only known from two localities in the province of Mahajanga. It was found on limestone and sandy soils at sea level. Conservation — Scleria hildebrandtii occurs along the eastern coast of Africa and the northeastern coast of Madagascar. There are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Mahajanga, Feb. 1908, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 2485 (P 01888605); environs de Marovoray (Boïar), May 1925, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 17252 (K, P 01888604, TAN 001259). Note — It has been confused with specimens of S. foliosa with smooth nutlets. However, the nutlets of S. hildebrandtii are cylindrical to oblong, whereas S. foliosa has an ovoid nutlet that is slightly apiculate.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E10FFDDFC87E993253CFCBB.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Tropical and southern Africa, South America and Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — Widespread in Madagascar, occurring in evergreen and dry forests, in northern and in central Madagascar, from low altitude to 1300 m. Tolerant to dry soils. Vernacular name — Malagasy: zamana. Conservation — Scleria lagoensis is widely distributed in Tropical and southern Africa, South America and Madagascar, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Jan. 1899, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 883 (K, P 01888566); Antananarivo, Mar. 1960, J. M. Bosser 13620 (TAN); ibid., 18 Mar. 1951, H. Humbert & R. Capuron 25622 (MO); Andraisoro, 11 Mar. 1919, R. Decary s. n. (P 01888559); Antsiranana, Bemarivo, Boina, Feb. 1907, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 2408 (P 01888555); Nosy Be, Boivin 1990; Mahajanga, Tsaramandroso, 12 Mar. 1965, Jacqueline & Maurice Peltier 5209 (P 01888552); Toliara, Analavelona Forest, 950 – 1250 m, Mar. 1934, H. Humbert 14233 (MNHN-P 1888560). Note — Vegetative parts of African and American specimens are practically identical. However, nutlets of plants from Brazil (where the type comes from) are frequently hairy all over and more globose than its African relatives. They could be different species or subspecies, as previously noted by Robinson (1966). Nevertheless, further research is required.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E17FFDDFC87EDD2229EF924.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Endemic to Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, most frequently along the eastern and north-western coasts, alt. 0 – 1200 m. Conservation — Scleria rutenbergiana is a widespread species, endemic to Madagascar, occurring in the North Western and Eastern parts of Madagascar. This species is found in Analamazaotra, Betampona, Isalo, Lokobe, Manongarivo and Montagne d’Ambre protected areas. Using all records, the estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 193 379 km 2 which exceeds the value of any threatened category. However, the area of occupancy (AOO) is 44 km 2 which is smaller than 2 000 km 2 and meets the threshold of Vulnerable, and its number of locations nearly meets the threshold for Vulnerable (11> 10). Hence, it is here assessed as Near Threatened. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Tsivendrambendrana, R. N. 70, Z. 27 (P 01888460, P 0188846, P 01888461, P 01888462); Antsiranana, Nossibe, Dec. 1857, Boivin s. n. (P 01888464); P. N. Montagne d’Ambre, 1400 – 1475 m, 9 – 13 Apr. 1993, S. Malcomber et al. 2371 (K, MO); Fianarantsoa, km 23 R. N. 25 Mananjary-Ifanadiana, 30 m, 16 Dec. 1997, P. Wilkin et al. 941 B (P 01888458); Analamazaota, 1908, d’Alleizette s. n. (P 01888447); Tananarive, Fotsimano, Dec. 1962, J. Bosser 17028 (P 01888449); Toamasina, Mar. 1954, J. Bosser 163 (P 01888450); near Toamasina, 20 Sept. 1912, R. Viguier & H. Humbert 195 (P 01888454, P 01888455); Ste. Marie, May 1847, M. Boivin 1645 B (P 01888445). Note — Our morphological study agrees with both Chermezon (1937) and Bauters et al. (2016) that S. rutenbergiana appears to be related to certain species in sect. Elatae, such as S. terrestris. However, sect. Elatae only occurs in Asia and Oceania, except for S. sumatrensis, which has been recorded from the Seychelles, but is very different from S. rutenbergiana. Alternatively, S. rutenbergiana may belong to sect. Abortivae because of the heart-shaped hypogynium. This would provide a more parsimonius explanation since S. rutenbergiana occurs in the same place where sect. Abortivae diversified. A molecular study is needed to confirm the placement of this species.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E17FFDDFFC8EEAF27C8F808.taxon	description	Scleria tessellata Willd. (1805) 315. — Type: Willdenow 17323 (lectotype designated here: B-W 17323 - 010), India. Tufted annual, completely glabrous. Culm 30 – 80 cm. Leaves 10 – 20 cm by 3 – 4 mm; antrorse hairs present in the distal part of the leaf; contraligule truncated, membranous, glabrous, red dotted. Inflorescence of terminal and lateral truncated panicles; laterals solitary. Spikelets unisexual or subandrogynous; glumes 5 – 6 mm long, straw-coloured; male flowers with two stamens. Nutlets oblong, 3 – 3.5 by 1.5 – 2 mm, regularly tessellate, white; hypogynium strongly trilobed, loosely appressed to the nutlet, yellowish brown. Distribution — Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Australia, India and South East Asia. Habitat & Ecology — Very common in wetlands, grasslands and rice fields (Naczi & Ford 2008). Only two localities known in Madagascar. In Madagascar, its distribution area overlaps with S. hildebrandtii. On wet and sandy grassland, at sea level. Chermezon (1937) suggested it was introduced in Madagascar. Conservation — Scleria tessellata is widely distributed in Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Australia, India and South East Asia, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Mahajanga, near Majunga, Apr. 1908, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 2595 (K, P 01888413, P 01888414); ibid., Mar. 1927, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 17945 (K, TAN 001257). Note — Kühn (1982) noted that this taxon originated from Madagascar, a statement totally unfounded. Scleria tessellata resembles S. hildebrandtii and S. foliosa. Scleria tessellata can be distinguished because of the oblong and reticulate nutlet, and the deeply trilobed hypogynium, lobes are oblong. The pits of S. tessellata are not as deep as in S. foliosa. It has also been misidentified as S. bambariensis Cherm. However, there is no evidence that S. bambariensis occurs in Madagascar. This misunderstanding is probably due to the incorrect identification of Perrier de la Bâthie 17945 (K) as S. bambariensis by E. A. Robinson.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E17FFDCFC87EA0D27F4FB20.taxon	description	Scleria angusta Nees ex Kunth (1837) 346. — Type: Drège 4246 (lectotype designated here: P 00462002; isolectotypes P 00462000, P 00462001, K 000363518, K 000363519), Madagascar, Cap. b. Spei., 1 Mar. 1832. Scleria angustata Steud. (1841) 542. — Type: not located. Perennial. Culm 1 – 2.5 m by 3 – 4 mm, triangular, mainly glabrous, sheath occasionally puberulent. Leaves 30 – 40 by 1.2 – 2 cm, largely acuminate, pleated when pressed, pseudopraemorse. Medium leaves closely arranged, sheaths completely covering the culm; antrorse-hairs usually present along margins and distal third of the central nerves on the abaxial side; contraligule triangular, rounded, puberulous, purplish. Inflorescence a panicle with leafy bracts, pyramidal, terminal, 7 – 12 cm long, laterals solitary and at least the most basal shorter than the internode (Fig. 1 c); peduncle only visible in the basal panicles, generally less than 5 cm long. Spikelets unisexual or subandrogynous; rachilla pale brown to greenish, sometimes reddish, flattened; prophyll, rachilla and bracts of the spikelet glabrous, sometimes hairy; glume bearing male flower 3 – 4 mm long, female 3 mm, shortly mucronate, straw-coloured, mucronate, ciliate at the base. Nutlet ovoid to piriform, 2 – 2.5 mm long, 1.5 – 2 mm diam, white to purple, smooth, shiny; hypogynium heart-shaped, laciniate, especially on the lobes (Fig. 2 m – n). Distribution — South Africa and Madagascar. South Africa: patchy distribution along the coast of Natal. Madagascar: along the east coast, and more rarely in the Central region. Habitat & Ecology — In swamp forest (Gordon-Gray 1995), in wetlands, more rarely close to rivers and lakes, alt. 0 – 1000 m. Conservation — Scleria angusta is native to Madagascar and found also in South Africa. This is a widespread species, which is found in the Mananara Nord and Isalo protected areas. The estimated of EOO is much larger than the threshold for a threatened category. Furthermore, there are no major threats which affect this species. Hence, it is assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, L’Ouest de l’Isalo, 30 July 1928, H. Humbert 5055 (K, P 0189809, TAN 001250); ibid., 700 – 800 m, Mar. 1934, H. Humbert 13750 (P 01898854); Antananarivo, Oct. 1882, R. Baron 1435 (K, P 01707789); Antsiranana, Daraina, Antsahabe Forest, 550 m, 11 Jan. 2004, L. Nusbaumer LN 916 (K); Toamasina, Tamatave, 26 July 1912, K. Afzelius s. n. (K); Toliara, Tôlanaro, Ste. Luce, 10 m, 20 Oct. 1989, R. Rabehovitra 2062 (K, MO); Soomierana, 10 Oct. 1932, R. Decary 10768 (K). Note — The niche of this species is the same in Madagascar and South Africa. Therefore, it probably diversified in Madagascar, along with the rest of Abortivae group, and dispersed to South Africa.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E16FFDCFFC8E9D22302FE82.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Endemic to Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — Mid and low altitude evergreen forests, alt. 500 – 1600 m. Conservation — Although endemic to Madagascar, Scleria baronii is a widespread species. It occurs within protected areas such as Ambohitantely and Andohahela. Since there are no specific threats which affect this species, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antananarivo, 1889, R. Baron 4296 (K 000363341, P 00457088); Antsiranana, Diana, 500 m, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 2632 (P 00457087); Fianarantsoa, Ambohimitombo Forest, Jan. 1895, Forsyth Major 205 (K); Ivohibe, Marovitsika Forest, 17 Oct. 2000, P. Hoffman et al. 221 (K, P 01898846); Toamasina, 11 Dec. 1958, Réserves Naturelles 9632 (P 01896595, P 01896596); Alaotra-Mangoro, 987 m, 14 Feb. 2007, P. Antilahimena 5872 (MO, P 01708459, TAN); Alaotra-Mangoro, 993 m, 14 Feb. 2007, P. Antilahimena 5349 (MO, P 01670451, TAN); Toamasina, 900 m, Sept. 1953, J. M. Bosser 6569 (P 01896592, P 020640250); ibid., 900 – 1200 m, Sept. 1937, H. Humbert 18035 (P 02640249). Note — The reduced hypogynium led Chermezon (1937) to place it in sect. Elatae.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E16FFDCFC87ECB222AFF9AF.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Endemic to Madagascar. Only known from four localities. Habitat & Ecology — Evergreen forest, alt. 1200 – 1400 m. Conservation — Scleria madagascariensis is endemic and is found only in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. It is known from two locations. The estimated of EOO (170 km 2) and AOO (12 km 2) do not exceed the value of the Endangered category. This species and its habitat are threatened by fire, illegal logging, deforestation for charcoal production and marketing and shifting agriculture (Ravoniarijaona 2010). Therefore, it is assessed as Endangered under the criterion B 1 ab (ii, iii, v) + 2 ab (ii, iii, v). Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antananarivo, Anjozorabe Forest, 1400 m, 3 Sept. 1991, A. Rokotozafy et al. 2741 (K, MO); Ost-Imerina, Andrangoloaka, Nov. 1880, J. M. Hildebrandt 3745 (K 000363342); Central, Oct. 1881, R. Baron 452 (K). Note — There are many misidentifications between S. madagascariensis and S. rosea. However, S. madagascariensis is a very rare species that always shows winged sheaths, reddish glumes, spikelets with long bracts and a dentate hypogynium.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E16FFDFFC87EB5D27D4FA49.taxon	description	Scleria rosea Cherm. (1923) 298. — Scleria trialata var. rosea (Cherm.) Cherm. (1927 ‘ 1928 ’) 608. — Type: Viguier & Humbert 574 (lectotype designated here: P 00457097; isolectotype B 100166745), Madagascar, Andorovanto, Anivorano, 8 Oct. 1912. Perennial, rhizome well lignified. Culm 0.8 – 1.5 m by 2 – 3.5 mm, triquetrous, scabridulous, reddish. Leaves 15 – 25 by 1 – 1.4 cm, glabrous but puberulous towards the mouth, pseudopraemorse; sheaths sometimes winged; margin and distal part of the veins scabrid, reddish; contraligule triangular, apex rounded, margin dark, ciliate. Inflorescence with terminal and lateral panicles subtended by leafy bracts; panicles pyramidal to spiciform (Fig. 1 a); peduncles very short, almost entirely inside the sheath; laterals shorter than the internodes, solitary. Spikelets unisexual or subandrogynous; rachilla reddish; prophyll purple, puberulous; glumes 2 – 3.5 mm long, shortly mucronate, straw-coloured to dark purple / reddish, margin ciliate. Nutlet ovoid, 2.5 – 3 by 1.5 – 2 mm, white, smooth; hypogynium heart-shaped, white, laciniate (Fig. 2 g – h). Distribution — Endemic to Madagascar. Habitat & Ecology — In littoral to mid altitude evergreen forests, alt. 0 – 900 m. Vernacular names — Malagasy: vendranala, lamiera. Conservation — Scleria rosea is endemic to Madagascar and widespread in the Eastern evergreen forest. There are no specific threats known which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana, Ambahatra, 800 m, 3 Mar. 1999, L. Gautier et al. LG 3457 (GENT, K, P 01888410); Ambre Mount, 850 m, 29 Mar. 2012, S. D. Ramandimbomanana et al. SDR 460 (GENT, K); Bekolosy, 850 m, 20 May 1995, L. Gautier & C. Chatelain LG 2737 (K, P 01888409); Daraina, 800 m, 3 Dec. 2004, L. Gautier & R. Claude LG 4821 (GENT, K, P 01708460); ibid., 400 m, 4 May 2010, C. Birkinshaw et al. 1769 (K, MO); Fianarantsoa, Ivohimonitra Forest, 1896, Forsyth Major 90 (K); Manombo, 20 m, 20 Sept. 2005, R. Razakamalala et al. 2175 (K, MO); R. Razakamalala et al. 776 (MO, P 01888402); Toamasina, Maroantsetra, 100 – 200 m, 1 Nov. 2001, O. Poncy 1549 (K, P 00373065); Maroantsetra, 4 m, 5 Sept. 2009, H. Ralimanana RLI 1285 (K); Mangerivola, 491 m, 23 July 2006, T. Ranarivelo et al. RTI 282 (K); Toliara, Anosy, 0 – 10 m, 29 Apr. 1989, R. E. Gereau et al. 3434 (K, MO, P 01888401); Manantanteli Forest, 60 – 300 m, 22 Sept. 1928, H. Humbert 5820 (K, P 01888400). Note — Many Scleria specimens found in the Seychelles and the Mascarenes have been identified as S. sieberi Nees. However, the status of this taxon is uncertain since Nees (1834: 303) confusingly published two names on the same page with the same epithet, i. e., Scleria sieberi Nees (no specimen indicated) and Hypoporum (now accepted as Scleria) sieberi Nees (based on Sieber Agrostotheca 97 which is a specimen of Scleria lithosperma). Kunth (1837: 346) validated Scleria sieberi Kunth and indicated a specimen (Sieber Agrostotheca 141). Scleria sieberi sensu Clarke (as indicated on the herbarium specimens: J. Home 636, K 000363347; J. Home 642, K 000363348) is closely related to, and possibly the same species as, S. rosea bearing largely acuminate leaves, white to purple nutlets with a laciniate hypogynium, spikelets with conspicuous bracts and inflorescences with a reddish rachilla and straw-coloured glumes. If both taxa are merged, the name S. sieberi has priority over S. rosea. However, the relationship between these species needs further investigation including examination of additional collections from the Seychelles and Mauritius.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E15FFDFFFC8E8F8236FFAAF.taxon	description	Scleria trialata Poir. (1806) 6. — Type: du Petit-Thouars s. n. (lectotype designated here: P 00457082; isolectotype P 00457083), Madagascar. Scleria abortiva Nees ex Kunth (1837) 346. — Type: Goudot s. n. (lectotype designated here: P 00457085), Madagascar. The other specimen at P (P 00457084) is a remaining syntype (Herb. Maire instead of Herb. Goudot and therefore not part of the same collection). Scleria abortiva var. planifolia Cherm. (1923) 299. — Type: Perrier de la Bâthie 2651 (lectotype designated here: P 00457086), Madagascar, Nossibé, Lokobe, Aug. 1913. Perennial. Culm 1.5 – 2 m by 3 – 6 mm, triangular, puberulous, soft, with appressed hairs scattered all over specially near the mouth. Leaves 25 – 35 by 1.4 – 2 cm, pseudopraemorse, arranged every 5 – 7 cm; hairs present, antrorse, along the margin and distal part of veins; blade sometimes rough, covered by a dense indumentum of stiff appressed antrorse hairs; leaf sheaths loose, rarely winged, covering the culm almost completely; contraligule triangular, apex rounded, puberulous, margin ciliate, internal veins curved outwards sometimes straight at the mouth. Inflorescence conspicuous, densely branched (Fig. 1 b); terminal panicle 7 – 12 cm long; laterals longer than the internode, solitary; peduncles usually less than 3 – 5 cm, sometimes covered by the sheath. Spikelets unisexual or subandrogynous; rachilla straw-coloured; bracts <2 cm long, scabrid; prophyll straw-coloured, puberulent; glume bearing the male flower 3.5 – 4 mm long, female 3 – 3.5 mm, mucronate, margin entire or finely ciliate; external glumes mainly brownish, purple / red on the margins, internals completely purplish. Nutlet ovoid, 2.5 – 3 by 1.5 – 2 mm, smooth, white; hypogynium heart-shaped, yellowish brown, laciniate (Fig. 2 c – d). Distribution — Madagascar and the Comoros. Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, it is restricted to the northern and eastern wet forests, alt. 0 – 1400 m. Vernacular names — Malagasy: tsivendrambendrana, verrdradity. Conservation — Scleria trialata is native to Madagascar and the Comoros. It is found in Andohahela, Masoala, Marojejy, Montagne d’Ambre and Ranomafana protected areas. This is a widespread species and there are no specific threats known which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antananarivo, 950 m, 13 Aug. 1968, J. H. McWhirter 120 (K); Ankazobe, 23 Dec. 1947, M. P. Saboreau 1185 (K); Oct. 1882, R. Baron 1424 (K, P 01875262, P 01875263); Antsiranana, Doany, 1250 m, 26 Oct. 2001, L. Gautier et al. LG 3944 (GENT, K, P 01708454); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana Forest, 1200 m, 29 July 1987, P. Phillipson 2169 (MO); Toamasina, Alaotra-Mangoro, 1085 m, 10 Feb. 2008, A. Rakotondrafara 533 (MO, P 01668985, TAN); NW Masoala Peninsula, 550 m, 10 Oct. 1986, P. P. Lowry II et al. 4062 (K, MO); Antaralava Besalampy Forest, 958 m, 15 Nov. 2008, P. Antilahimena et al. 6906 (K, MO); Masoala Peninsula, 0 – 10 m, June 1993, M. L. Zjhra & J. Hutcheon 238 (K, MO); 470 m, 19 Sept. 1993, K. Lance 30 (K); Moramanga, 900 m, 11 Nov. 1938, Lam & Meeuse 5375 (K); Perinet Reserve, 5 May 1988, D. A. Simpson 88 / 112 (K); Vavatenina, 300 – 350 m, 12 July 2003, A. Rakotondrafara et al. 234 (K, MO); Toliara, Andohahela, 200 – 700 m, 4 – 24 May 1993, B. Randriamampionona 328 (K, P 01875304); Massif de Bezavona, 28 Aug. 1919, R. Decary 10434 (K, MO, P 01898905); Pic St Louis, 9 July 1932, R. Decary 9954 (K, MO). – MAYOTTE, Grande- Terre, Mamoudzou, 1 July 2003, F. Barthelat 1204 (K); Reserve Forestiere de Majimbini, 18 June 2002, F. Barthelat 934 (K). – RÉUNION, Sainte-Rose, 300 m, Mar. 1957, J. Bosser 11954 (K). Note — Scleria trialata differs from S. angusta in its larger panicles, generally longer than the internodes, dark glumes, and broader scabrid leaves. In Madagascar, it is used to treat toothaches (Chermezon 1937).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E15FFDEFC87E8882593F870.taxon	description	Scleria pratensis var. melanocarpa Nees (1842) 179. — Type: not located. Scleria selloana Schrad. ex Nees (1842) 179, nom inval. in synon. Scleria simplicior Steud. (1855) 169. — Type: Guyana (not located).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E15FFDEFC87E8882593F870.taxon	description	Scleria pterota var. submelaleuca Kük. (1926) 216. — Type: not located. Perennial, tufted with well-developed rhizome. Culm 35 – 80 cm by 1.3 – 1.6 mm. Leaves 10 – 30 cm by 5 – 8 mm, generally glabrous but central vein ciliate, some basal leaves with few but conspicuous hairs, margins scabrid; spine-like hairs present along the distal part of the leaves, antrorse, sheaths slightly winged; contraligule triangular, glabrous, sometimes puberulous, strongly ciliate along the margin. Inflorescence with panicles spiciform, little branched, rachilla reddish, flattened, completely glabrous; one or two terminal panicles, up to 5 cm long; laterals solitary, generally two or three, distal panicle close to the terminal, basal much shorter than the internode; peduncles up to 5 cm. Spikelets unisexual, mostly 3 / 4 female; glumes bearing male flowers 2.5 – 3.5 mm long, female 3 – 3.5 mm, both straw-coloured with reddish margin and green midrib. Nutlets globose, 2 – 3 mm diam, smooth, hairy underneath, shiny, white; hypogynium deeply trilobed, margin revolute. Distribution — Africa, Central and South America, and Madagascar. It is as a weed in Peru (Clavo Peralta 1993), Costa Rica, Honduras, Trinidad and Dominican Republic (Holm et al. 1979). Habitat & Ecology — In Madagascar, coastal to mid altitude wet forest, alt. 0 – 1200 m. Vernacular names — Malagasy: vendrmaro, serosera nbambo. Conservation — Scleria gaertneri is widely distributed in Africa, Central and South America and Madagascar, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana, 400 m, 28 May 1995, L. Gautier & C. Chatelain 2829 (MO, TAN); Ankarana Massif, 170 m, 31 Jan. 2003, M. Bardot-Vaucoulon et al. 1385 (K, MO, TAN); Besinkaram, 350 m, 2 Apr. 1996, L. Gautier & S. T. Beck LG 2959 (G, K, MO, TAN); Maroantsetra, 28 Feb. 1988, D. A. Simpson 88 / 87 (K, MO, TAN); Nossibé, Apr. 1879, J. M. Hildebrandt 2924 (JE, K, P 01888534); Sava, 1190 m, 3 Mar. 2006, R. Razakamalala et al. 2709 (K, MO); Fianarantsoa, km 23 RN 25 Mananjary-Ifanadiana, 30 m, 16 Dec. 2017, P. Wilkin et al. 941 (K); Toamasina, Maroantsetra, An- dranofotsy river, 11 Feb. 1988, D. A. Simpson & M. Cheek 88 / 19 (K, TAN); route Fotsimaro-Ambodiriano, Dec. 1962, J. M. Bosser 17021 (K, TAN). Note — In a study from Brazil, Silva et al. (2001) noted that S. gaertneri establishes arbuscular mycorrhizae in some environments. In South America, it has been utilised as a stimulant of the nervous system and to treat constipation (Alcorn 1984) and snake poisoning (Soares et al. 2004). In Tanzania, it is locally used as a medicine to treat dysmenorrhoea and colds in humans, and rinderpest in cattle (Burkill 1985). Schoenus latifolius Vahl (1805: 226) and its nomen novum Dichromena vahlii A. Dietr. (1833: 169) based on the type specimen from Puerto Rico is sometimes placed in synonymy. Although the type specimen (C 10010674) is not in good condition and therefore difficult to identify with certainty, Camelbeke (2002) considered it to be Scleria mitis P. J. Bergius instead.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E14FFDEFC87EDD222AFF919.taxon	description	Scleria racemosa Poir. (1806) 6. — Ophryoscleria racemosa (Poir.) Nees (Nees 1842) 183. — Type: du Petit-Thouars s. n. (lectotype designated here: P 00346044; isolectotype P 00346045), Madagascar.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E14FFDEFC87EDD222AFF919.taxon	description	Perennial with strong rhizome. Culm 1.5 – 3 m by 4 – 6 mm. Leaves 30 – 60 by 1.5 – 3 cm, pseudopraemorse; hairs present along distal third of margins and nerves of the abaxial side, antrorse, conspicuous, up to 0.2 mm; sheath winged; contraligule triangular, glabrous, margin membranous. Inflorescence a terminal panicle and several smaller laterals, do not overlap with each other, barely branched. Spikelets unisexual or subandrogynous; glumes bearing male flowers 4 – 4.5 mm long, female 4 – 5 mm, straw-coloured outside with brown red dots at the top, purplish inside, puberulous. Spikelet bracts ciliate at the base. Nutlets 4.5 – 5 by 3 – 4 mm, smooth, beige, style persistent; hypogynium regularly ciliate; cupule swollen, cupshaped, yellowish brown. Distribution — Tropical and East Africa, Madagascar, the Comoros and Mayotte. Habitat & Ecology — Widespread across the wetlands of the northern half of Madagascar. Associated with Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl., alt. 0 – 500 m. Vernacular name — Malagasy: sirosera. Conservation — Scleria racemosa is widely distributed in Tropical and East Africa, Madagascar, the Comoros and Mayotte, and there are no specific threats which affect this species. Therefore, it is here assessed as Least Concern. Additional specimens. MADAGASCAR, 10 Oct. 1969, B. Descoings 1198 (P 01888436); Moquin-Tandon, C. H. B. A. Moquin-Tandon s. n. (P 00346045); Antsiranana, Ambilobé, Mahavary, 31 July 1939, R. Decary 14767 (P 01888468, TAN); Antsakoamanondro, 17 May 1960, J. Peltier & M. Peltier 2432 (P 01888443); Nossibé, 28 Jan. 1841, A. Pervillé 485 (P 01888476, P 01888477, TAN); ibid., Aug. 1841, A. Pervillé 248 (K); ibid., May 1879, J. M. Hildebrandt 2984 (K 000363351, P 01888441); ibid., June 1847, M. Boivin 1991 (P 01888466, P 01888467); ibid., June 1907, L. Rotereau s. n. (P 01888444); ibid., J. M. C. Richard 924 (P 01888472); Sava, 1190 m, 4 May 2006, R. Razakamalala et al. 2814 (K, MO, P 01888437, TAN); Mahajanga, 1932, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 638 (P 01888469); ibid., 27 May 1912, K. Afzelius s. n. (K); Ambatoboeny, 125 m, 18 May 2001, R. Randrianaivo et al. 638 (K, MO); Ampijoara, Natural Reserve, 12 Nov. 1995, M. Desfayes 95.12111 (GENT); Ampombimanangy, 113 m, 24 July 2006, M. Andriamahay & S. Rakotoarisoa 1446 (K); Analalava, 15 m, 5 May 2012, S. E. Rakotoarisa & H. Randrianavsoa SNGF 3069 (K 000753248, MO, P, TAN); Befandriana-Nord, 29 July 1942, Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarive 5175 (P 01888439); North, Jan. 1892, R. Baron 6371 (K); North-West, Sept. 1887, R. Baron 3787 (K); Toamasina, M. Bojer s. n. (P 01888474); Besinkara, 300 m, 23 June 1994, L. Gautier et al. LG 2411 (G, MO, P 01888465, TAN); Analamazaotra Forest, Oct. 1909, A. C. D’Alleizette 681 (P 01888471); Ste. Marie, M. Boivin 1647 (P 01888442).	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E14FFC1FC87EA9A27DBF9D1.taxon	description	Perennial. Rhizome 2 mm wide. Stems very close to each other, reddish at the base, old sheaths persistent. Culm 0.5 – 0.7 by 0.5 – 1 mm, triquetrous, slightly bulbous at the base. Leaves 15 – 20 cm by 1 – 1.5 mm, glabrous, margin entire; contraligule truncated, rounded, ciliated, dark red. Inflorescence a lax terminal panicle, 10 – 15 cm long; inflorescence bract slender and as long as the whole panicle; glomerules with 4 – 5 spikelets, branches up to 3 cm. Spikelets androgynous; glumes 4 – 4.5 mm, glabrous, straw-coloured, not mucronate at all. Nutlet 1.5 – 1.8 by 0.8 – 0.9 mm, trigonous, elliptic, white, longitudinally wrinkled; hypogynium absent, 3 depressions at the base. Specimens. MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa, Ambatofinandrahana, 1400 – 1500 m, 17 Jan. 1955, H. Humbert & R. Capuron 28113 (K); Toliara, Andra- homana, 1 – 100 m, 25 – 26 Feb. 1955, H. Humbert & R. Capuron 29119 (K). Note — There are two specimens available, collected the same year from very distant places. This taxon belongs to a group of subg. Hypoporum species (like S. woodii C. B. Clarke, S. rehmannii C. B. Clarke, S. paupercula E. A. Rob.), which are not represented in Madagascar, i. e., species with large inflorescences branched just once and a conspicuous rhizome (Haines & Lye 1983: 334). The nutlet is very distinct, with weak longitudinal wrinkles (Fig. 5 a). The nutlets of S. woodii are very different.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E0BFFC1FC87E9BC24DDF8BA.taxon	description	Herb, underground parts not collected. Culm 2.5 m by 0.5 – 0.8 mm. Leaves 30 – 35 by 2.5 – 3.5 cm, praemorse, glabrous; central vein of the abaxial side pilose; contraligule triangular, edge ciliate and red; leaf sheath winged. Inflorescence 30 cm long, formed by lateral and terminal panicles 8 – 15 cm in length, laterals being longer than the internodes; inflorescence bracts leafy, longer than the inflorescence. Spikelets with rachilla greenish, puberulous; spikelet bracts greenish, up to 1 cm, ciliate along the margin; flowers mostly male; glumes 4 – 5 mm, both external and internal completely purple, puberulous. Nutlet tuberculate, scabrid, purple, 4 – 5 by 2.2 – 3 mm, ovoid, apiculate; hypogynium, trilobate, yellowish, ciliate on the apex of the lobes. Specimen. MADAGASCAR, 1600 m, 9 Nov. 1999, P. J. Rakotomalaza & D. Ravelomanantsoa 2128 (K, MO). Note — This taxon belongs to sect. Abortivae but has rugose nutlets with a marked mucro. The hypogynium is also quite different from those found in other species of this section. However, the inflorescence resembles the inflorescence of S. trialata. Along with S. madagascariensis, S. trialata, and this specimen are these only taxa having winged leaf sheaths in this section.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
BC3D9F166E0BFFC1FFC8EB4122B7FB8E.taxon	description	Perennial, with many stolons present. Culms 70 – 80 cm by 2 – 3 mm, old leaves surrounding the base. Leaves every 4 – 6 cm, 25 – 30 cm by 6 – 7 mm, villose all over; contraligule rounded, pilose, reddish. Inflorescence a lax panicle, with a leafy bract at the base; terminal inflorescence 10 – 11 cm long, plus peduncle 10 – 15 cm long; lateral 6 – 7 cm long in total, clearly shorter than the internode. Spikelets with hairy rachilla; spikelet bracts leafy, up to 3 – 4 cm long, hairy; glumes 4 – 5 mm long, straw-coloured; external glumes hairy. Nutlet globose, 3 mm diam; hypogynium triangular, margin yellowish brown thickened, black inside, white to beige. Specimen. MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana, Ambilobe, Ifasy Valley, 50 – 200 m, 31 Mar. 1951, H. Humbert & R. Capuron 25909 (K). Note — This specimen has a peculiar hypogynium (Fig. 5 b – c). Scleria gaertneri has a perfectly regular trilobed hypogynium, whereas this specimen has a triangular thickened yellowish one. The inflorescence is triangular, and it is made up of spikelets with long conspicuous bracts resembling those of S. boivinii. These bracts are not found in Scleria gaertneri.	en	Goetghebeur, P., Larridon, I. (2019): A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar. Blumea 64 (3): 195-213, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.01
