identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B921389FF17E519EBD33D48299A16A9C.text	B921389FF17E519EBD33D48299A16A9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calcyopa difoveata (Wehrli 1943)	<div><p>Calcyopa difoveata (Wehrli, 1943)</p><p>Figs 2–5, 14, 15, 20</p><p>Boarmia (Calichodes) difoveata Wehrli, 1943, in: Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 4 (Suppl.): 544. Type-locality: “ West-Tien-Mu-Shan, Chekiang ” (West Tianmushan, Zhejiang Province, China)</p><p>Calichodes difoveata Wehrli: Fletcher, 1979, In: Nye IWB (ed.), The Generic Names of Moths of the World 3: 32; Parsons et al. 1999, in: Scoble, Geometrid Moths of the World, A Catalogue, 1: 100.</p><p>Aethalura lushanalis Sato, 1987, Japan Heterocerists’ J. 144: 289, 290, figs 3, 4, 8. Synonymized with  C. difoveata by Stüning (2000).</p><p>Calcyopa difoveata: Stüning, 2000, Tinea 16 (Suppl. 1): 135, fig. 1507; Sato 2020, in: Kishida Y, Moths of Laos, Part 1, Tinea 25 (Suppl. 2): 81, pl. 28, fig. 30; Sato 2022, Tinea 26 (3): 228, 230, figs 9, 10, 24, 36.</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Lectotype: China – Zhejiang Province • ♂; Pz. Chekiang,  West-tien-mu-shan (= Zhejiang, West Tianmushan); 1600 m; 26 Apr. 1932; H. Höne leg.; gen. prep. slide no. 2451 - DS; ZFMK (des. Stüning, 2000).</p><p>Paralectotypes: China – Zhejiang Province • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality and collector as lectotype; 30 Apr. 1932; ZFMK . –   Guangdong Province • 1 ♀;  Lienping (Heyuan City, Lianping County); May; H. Höne leg.; coll. Wehrli, ZFMK  . Remark: Wehrli (1943: 544) mentioned seven syntypes that were collected between 23 April and 13 June. Two female paralectotypes not included in the preceding material examined are not in coll. ZFMK, but should be the two specimens given to coll. NHMUK in exchange (1961).</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>China – Zhejiang Province • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality and collector as lectotype; 3 Apr., 4 Apr., 10 Apr., 17 Apr. (2), 18 Apr. 1932; ZFMK •  5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality and collector as lectotype; 400 m; mid-April 1936; gen. glycerol no. 6 / B 1 ♂; ZFMK •   1 ♀; Chekiang,  Wenchow (= Zhejiang, Wenzhou); 18 Apr. 1939; H. Höne leg.; ZFMK  •  3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality and collector as for preceding; June 1939; ZFMK •  1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality and collector as for preceding; July 1939; gen. glycerol no. 6 / B 3 ♀; ZFMK . –   Fujian Province • 1 ♂; Fukien, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.4/lat 27.4)">Kuatun</a> (= Fujian, Guadun); 27.40°N, 117.40°E; 2300 m; 3 Apr. 1938; J. Klapperich leg.; ZFMK  . –   Guangdong Province • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀;  Canton or Lienping; ZFMK  . –   Taiwan Province • 2 ♂♂ (paratypes of  Aethalura lushanalis Sato, 1987); Nantou Hsien,  Lushan-wenchuan; 13–14 Aug. 1983; R. Sato leg.; ZFMK  •   2 ♀♀; Kaohsiung,  Liukuei Sanping; 650 m; 24–26 Jul. 1987; R. Sato leg.; ZFMK  •   1 ♂; Nantou Co.,  Hueisun Forest; 600 m; 22 Jun. 1993; F. Aulombard &amp; J. Plante leg.; ZFMK  •  1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality and collectors as for preceding; 570–800 m; 28 / 29 Sep. 1992; ZFMK . –   Hainan Province • 1 ♂, 1 ♀;  Wuzhishan; 1333 m; 10 Jan. 2008; V. Siniaev leg.; ZSM  •   5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀;  Wuzhishan; 756 m; 25 Mar. 2023; Bo Liu leg.; CATASCRI  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The diagnostic characters are given under the newly described species.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan), Vietnam, Laos.</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>The Barcode Index Number for  Calcyopa difoveata is BOLD: AAH 0723 (N = 3, Sample IDs: CRICATAS 00104, BC ZSM Lep 16015, BC ZSM Lep 15995).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is now recorded for the first time from Hainan Island, China. Some specimens from Hainan show minor differences in genitalia compared to those from Taiwan and Vietnam, including variation in the thickness of the gnathos in male genitalia as well as the shape of the lamella postvaginalis in female genitalia. At present, we treat these as infrasubspecific variations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B921389FF17E519EBD33D48299A16A9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Bo	Liu, Bo (2025): Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Calcyopa Stüning, 2000 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Boarmiini), with description of a new species. ZooKeys 1233: 125-138, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142955
021361F1B41859D08BAD1F753A2DB818.text	021361F1B41859D08BAD1F753A2DB818.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calcyopa fansipana Sato 2022	<div><p>Calcyopa fansipana Sato, 2022</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 16, 17</p><p>Calcyopa fansipana Sato, 2022, Tinea 26 (3): 226, figs 1, 2, 23. Type-locality: Mt Fan-si-pan, N. Vietnam.</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype: Vietnam • ♂; N. Vietnam, Cha-pa (Sa Pa), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73333/lat 22.283333)">Mt Fan-si-pan</a>, N. Seite; 22°17'N, 103°44'E; 1600 m; 21–23 Apr. 1995; leg. Sinjaev &amp; Sammler, ex coll. A. Schintlmeister; Prim Urwald; NIAES.</p><p>Paratype: Vietnam • 1 ♂; same data as holotype; NIAES .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Vietnam • 5 ♂♂; same locality and elevation as holotype; 01–05 Mar. 1995; ex coll. / leg. Dr. R. Brechlin; ZFMK •  1 ♂; same locality and collector as for preceding; 1520 m; ZFMK .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Diagnostic characters are given under the newly described species. The male adult and genitalia are illustrated in Sato (2022), but we depict them here again for comparison with the other two species of difoveata - group. The female is still unknown at present.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Vietnam.</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>No data available.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Stüning (2000: 135) already mentioned this species as “ an undescribed species also from Vietnam ”, which was later described as  fansipana by Sato (2022: 226). He wrote in the description: “ Third abdominal sternite with setal comb ” and “ Hind tibia with hair-pencil ”. These two characters were mentioned by an unexplainable error (Sato 2023, pers. comm.). Both setal comb and hair-pencil are absent in all species of the genus  Calcyopa, which, of course, was known to Sato.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/021361F1B41859D08BAD1F753A2DB818	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Bo	Liu, Bo (2025): Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Calcyopa Stüning, 2000 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Boarmiini), with description of a new species. ZooKeys 1233: 125-138, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142955
46EF748F026C59FFB0CAF8D4ECF2CB83.text	46EF748F026C59FFB0CAF8D4ECF2CB83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calcyopa hainana Liu 2025	<div><p>Calcyopa hainana sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8–13, 18, 19, 21</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China – Hainan Province • ♂; Lingshui,  Diaoluoshan; 922 m; 16–19 Apr. 2024; Bo Liu &amp; Wei Yan leg.; CRICATAS / IZCAS.</p><p>Paratypes: (12 ♂♂, 21 ♀♀) China – Hainan Province • 1 ♂;  Wuzhishan; 1333 m; V. Siniaev leg.; 10 Jan. 2008; ZSM  •  2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality as holotype; 20 Apr. 2023; Bo Liu leg.; gen. prep. nos. CRICATAS 00101, CRICATAS 00103; CRICATAS / IZCAS •  4 ♀♀; same locality and collectors as holotype; 05–07 Mar. 2024; CRICATAS / IZCAS •  1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality as holotype; 01–03 Apr. 2024; Bo Liu, Wei Lin &amp; Miaofeng Xu leg.; CRICATAS / IZCAS •  4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same data as holotype; CRICATAS / IZCAS •  4 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same locality and collectors as holotype; 07–12 May 2024; CRICATAS / IZCAS / ZFMK .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species closely resembles  C. difoveata and, though much less, also  C. fansipana, but can be distinguished by several morphological characters: The postmedial line of the forewing between veins M 1 and M 3 exhibits a more pronounced outward curve than in  C. difoveata, similar to that in  C. fansipana . Moreover, the light-brown ground color of the upperside and the absence of broad, dark marginal bands on the underside of the latter are also diagnostic. The free costal arm of the valva is longer and narrower in  C. hainana than in the other two congeners and the saccular process lacks spines. The triangular apex of the aedeagus is more pointed and elongated compared to  C. difoveata and  C. fansipana . Additionally, the cornuti in  C. hainana are composed of a group of long juxtaposed spines, while in  C. difoveata they consist of shorter spines, and in  C. fansipana they form a dense cluster of minute spines covering a round diverticulum of the vesica. A row of rather large spines and a big single tooth present apically on the shaft of aedeagus of  C. difoveata are replaced by a large number of smaller denticles in  C. hainana .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Forewing length 11.1–11.9 mm in males, 11.7–14.3 mm in females. Ground color brownish-green in fresh specimens, but gradually fading to brown over time, with numerous scattered dark scales and distinct dark antemedial and postmedial lines on both wings. Head. Male antennae fasciculate, with two pairs of shortly conical, sclerotized, ciliate projections latero-ventrally on each segment. Female antennae with cilia much shorter, and sclerotized projections absent. The longest cilia are about 3 times the diameter of the flagellum segments in males and about 0.5 times the diameter of the flagellum segments in females. Vertex covered with lamellar, pale brown scales. Frons smooth-scaled, not protruding. Labial palpi slightly extending beyond frons, basally with long, dark scales, third segment small. Proboscis rather short. Chaetosemata present, near eye margin. Thorax. Patagia and tegulae densely covered with somewhat longer lamellar scales, distal end of tegulae with a few long hair-scales. Wings brownish, scattered with numerous dark scales. Forewings moderately elongate, apex angled, termen smoothly curved, with a double fovea in males. Antemedial line fine, visible. Discal spot small, streak-like. Postmedial line outcurved between veins M 1 and M 3, at CuA 2, and at 1 A + 2 A. Outside postmedial line between M 2 and CuA 1 with a round black patch anteriorly and a square pale patch posteriorly. Subterminal line zigzag, white, with a dark inner edge. Terminal line black, with a series of dark spots between the veins. Hindwings with apex rounded, termen minutely concave between vein-ends. Basal area densely covered with numerous black scales. Antemedial line broad, outcurved at lower cell vein and inner margin. Discal spot small, streak-like. Postmedial line outcurved between veins M 1 and M 3, and at inner margin. Subterminal zigzag, white, with a dark edge inside. Terminal line black, with dark spots between the veins. Underside blurry and paler, with a broad, dark band outside postmedial line on both wings. Antemedial line faint on forewing, but clearly visible on hindwing. Postmedial line barely outcurved on both wings. Legs slender, index of spurs 0-2 - 4, hind tibia not dilated, without scent brush in males. Pregenital abdomen. Tympanal organs, sterno-tympanal process, setal comb, and abdominal coremata as mentioned in the generic description. Abdomen laterally with several pairs of scale brushes on segments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.</p><p>Male genitalia. Uncus deeply divided, triangular, apical part straight, slightly curved ventrad. Gnathos with broad, flattened lateral arms, central part strong, thorn-shaped, elongate, slightly curved. Valvae acutely triangular. Basal costal arm free, standing obliquely upright towards the upper valva margin, apically dilated, with long bristles. Saccular process stick-like, without spines. Juxta small, basally a rounded plate, extended into a narrow arm distally, slightly cup-shaped and laterally bifurcate at apex. Aedeagus short and stout, apically with a long, acutely triangular, sclerotized process; shaft distally with a group of small serrate projections; vesica with a small row of long-spined cornuti. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, about four times as long as the aedeagus shaft.</p><p>Female genitalia. Ovipositor short, papillae anales scarcely setose. Anterior apophyses short, about ½ length of posterior apophyses. Ventral longitudinal sclerotization needle-like, basally dilated, slightly triangular. Lamella postvaginalis small, round or oval, bottom concave at center. Introitus bursae small, sclerotized, significantly narrower than the posterior part of bursa, setting into a small sternite pocket. Posterior part of bursa slightly longer than anterior part, posterior one-third sclerotized, scobinate inside. Anterior part of bursa swollen, triangular, noticeably broader than posterior part, consisting of 7 to 8 chains of small serrate projections on both opposed inner sides.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name of  “ hainana ” is derived from the type locality, Hainan Island, China.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hainan).</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>The Barcode Index Number for  Calcyopa hainana is BOLD: AAH 2362 (N = 2, Sample IDs: CRICATAS 00101, BC ZSM Lep 16053). The genetic distance of  C. hainana from  C. difoveata (N = 3, Sample IDs: CRICATAS 00104, BC ZSM Lep 16015, BC ZSM Lep 15995) ranges from 5.32 % to 5.62 % (p-distance).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46EF748F026C59FFB0CAF8D4ECF2CB83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Bo	Liu, Bo (2025): Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Calcyopa Stüning, 2000 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Boarmiini), with description of a new species. ZooKeys 1233: 125-138, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142955
4DDD0DBB2F7557CE90A66A78C707FC9A.text	4DDD0DBB2F7557CE90A66A78C707FC9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calcyopa Stuning 2000	<div><p>Calcyopa Stüning, 2000</p><p>Calcyopa Stüning, 2000, Moths of Nepal, Part 6. Tinea Vol. 16 (Suppl. 1): 134. Type species:  Boarmia (Calichodes) difoveata Wehrli, 1943 .</p><p>Generic characters.</p><p>Small ennomine geometrid moths with forewing length 11–14 mm. Ground color light to dark grey or brown, with distinct black antemedial and postmedial lines on both wings. Head. Male antennae fasciculate, with two pairs of shortly conical, sclerotized, ciliate projections latero-ventrally on each segment. Cilia curved ventrad, 3–4 times longer (depending on species) than diameter of flagellomeres. Female antennae with cilia much shorter, the sclerotized projections absent. Vertex covered with lamellar scales. Frons smooth-scaled, not protruding. Labial palpi slightly extending beyond frons, basally with long scales. Proboscis rather short. Chaetosemata present, near eye margin. Thorax. Patagia and tegulae densely covered with somewhat longer lamellar scales, distal end of tegulae with a few long hair-scales. Legs slender, index of spurs 0-2 - 4, hind tibia not dilated, without scent brush (= hair-pencil of authors) in males. Forewings moderately elongate, apex angled, termen smoothly curved, with a double fovea in males. Antemedial and postmedial lines conspicuous on both wings. Postmedial line on forewing curved outward between M 1 and M 3, with the extent of curvature varying among species; outside postmedial line between veins M 3 and CuA 1 or even CuA 2 with a dark, round, oval or squarish patch (absent in  C. rosearia only) and a faint, square pale patch outside the strongly dentate submarginal line (absent in  C. rosearia). Marginal line consisting of small, black dots in the middle between veins, alternating with groups of dark fringe-scales. Hindwing with apex rounded, termen minutely concave between vein-ends, marginal dots rather lunulate. Tornus without distinct spot (elongate black spot present near tornus in  C. prasina and  C. subprasina) Postmedial line straighter than on forewing. Discal dot distinct, visible on both wings, but larger on forewing. Underside with pattern paler. Venation (Fig. 1). R 1 and R 2 coincident (distal branch of R 1 reduced, only R 2 reaching costa closer to apex), the base of the combined veins running closely parallel to vein Sc and the stem of R 3-5. (R 1) + R 2 and the stalk of R 3-5 both arising from the same position, shortly before anterior angle of cell. M 2 from the middle of the discoidal vein. CuA 1 from shortly before posterior angle of cell. Hindwing: Sc + R 1 running closely parallel to upper vein of cell for a short distance; Rs arising widely before anterior angle of cell; M 2 absent, represented by a fold; CuA 1 from shortly before posterior angle of cell; 3 A absent. Folds through cells of both wings and those replacing CuP in forewings and M 2 in hindwings very vague. Pregenital abdomen. Tympanal organs of moderate size, without lacinia. Sterno-tympanal process and setal comb on third sternite absent. Lateral coremata on the posterior portion of the third segment only present in  C. difoveata and  C. hainana (very small and easily brushed off during abdominal preparation). Seventh segment strongly modified, short, sternite membranous, with a pair of external corematous lobes, both laterally with a dense row of fine setae; anterior invaginated coremata, with intersegmental opening between segments 6 and 7 absent (not “ weak, scarcely invaginated ” as described in Stüning (2000) for  C. difoveata) in all difoveata - group species (present in  rosearia - group species).</p><p>Male genitalia. Uncus deeply divided, stout, triangular, apically straight, slightly curved ventrad in species of the difoveata - group (elongate, more deeply divided, distally slender, apical part strongly bent ventrad in  rosearia - group species). Gnathos with broad, flattened lateral arms, central part strong, thorn-shaped, elongate, slightly curved, pointed in difoveata - group species (central part delicate, spine-shaped in  rosearia - group species). Juxta small, basally a rounded plate, extended into a narrow arm distally, slightly cup-shaped and laterally bifurcate at apex. Valvae acutely triangular. Basal costal arm free, standing obliquely upright towards the upper valva margin, apically dilated, with long bristles. Saccular process stick-like, spined at apex only ( C. difoveata) or without spines ( C. hainana and  C. fansipana) (spined over half or more of its length in  rosearia - group species). Aedeagus short and stout, apically with a long, acutely triangular, sclerotized process, shaft distally with short spines or groups of strong teeth, vesica with a small row of cornuti or a round diverticulum covered with numerous spicules in difoveata - group species (aedeagus smaller, narrower, without distal extension and without teeth on shaft and vesica without cornuti in  rosearia - group species).</p><p>Female genitalia. Ovipositor short, papillae anales rounded, scarcely setose. Needle-like sclerotization between their bases present. Anterior apophyses short, about ½ length of posterior apophyses. Lamella postvaginalis a rounded, rather small plate in difoveata - group species (a large, sclerotized plate with a wide rounded incision anteriorly in  rosearia - group species). Introitus small, sclerotized; posterior part of bursa sclerotized, scobinate inside; anterior part of bursa swollen, broader than posterior part, signum consisting of 6 to 8 chains of small dentate projections in difoveata - group species (bursa short, rounded, signum built of dentate projections arranged to small chains or distributed over larger areas of the bursa surface in  rosearia - group species).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The genus  Calcyopa currently comprises a total of six species, including the newly described species presented in this study. These species can be distinctly divided into two groups, mainly based on the genitalia (both male and female) characters and the abdominal coremata. Despite their differences, all  Calcyopa species share a deeply divided uncus, similarly triangular-shaped valvae, a free basal costal arm that is strongly setose at the apex, and a unique stick-like saccular process with or without spines in the male genitalia. These characters collectively set them apart from other related genera such as Paracalcyopa Sato,  Myrioblephara Warren, and  Chrysoblephara Holloway. The closely related genus  Necyopa Walker exhibits most of these traits; however, its saccular process is replaced by a strong, longitudinal fold that extends close to the apex of the valva. In the present study, we separate all the known  Calcyopa species into two groups: the  C. difoveata species group, which includes  C. difoveata,  C. fansipana and  C. hainana; and the  C. rosearia species group, which comprises  C. rosearia,  C. prasina and  C. subprasina . The main diagnostic characters of these two species groups are outlined in Table 1. While the two species groups share several common characters, they are also distinguished by a set of stable features. For the time being, we tentatively retain all of these species within the genus  Calcyopa . However, depending on further molecular evidence, there might be a possibility of establishing a new genus for the  C. rosearia species group or merging it with the genus  Necyopa Walker.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DDD0DBB2F7557CE90A66A78C707FC9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Bo	Liu, Bo (2025): Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Calcyopa Stüning, 2000 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae, Boarmiini), with description of a new species. ZooKeys 1233: 125-138, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.142955
