identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
05C898CAB49257EE9F5A855E539BE7ED.text	05C898CAB49257EE9F5A855E539BE7ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buyda confluens (Navas)	<div><p>Buyda confluens (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Mantispa confluens Navás, 1914 a: 19 . Lectotype: male (NHMUK) (here designated). Type locality: Panama: Chiriqui: Bugaba .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The original description is not clear about the number of specimens used for the description, as evidenced by Ohl (2004), who stated “ holotype (or syntypes) ” when treating this species. In this sense, we are herein designating the male specimen from NHMUK, the sole specimens found here, as the lectotype. After the description, the name was listed by Penny (1977) and included in the catalogue by Ohl (2004). Later, Ardila-Camacho et al. (2018) synonymized the species under B. phthisica (Gerstaecker), based on the original description and two illustrations provided by Navás (1914 a), but without studying the type. After analyzing the lectotype, we herein confirm the synonymy proposed by Ardila-Camacho et al. (2018). The lectotype of M. confluens has all major characters of B. phthisica, and the description and illustrations presented by Navás (1914 a) also matches with B. phthisica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/05C898CAB49257EE9F5A855E539BE7ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
08E86965CB2E554B94B68ED77AD4FB67.text	08E86965CB2E554B94B68ED77AD4FB67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buyda neotropica (Navas)	<div><p>Buyda neotropica (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Mantispa neotropica Navás, 1933: 309. Lectotype: male (MNHN). Type locality: French Guiana: Nouveau Chantier .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The status of this species is very similar to M. confluens . In the original description, Navás (1933) mentioned a female and presented two illustrations: the pronotum and the tip of a forewing. After that, the name was listed by Penny (1977) and included in the catalogue by Ohl (2004). Tauber et al. (2017) stated that although Navás (1933) explicitly mentioned a single female, they could locate a single male only in the MNHN. According to their interpretation, it is unclear if Navás had more than one specimen, but he might also have indicated the wrong sex of the holotype. Tauber et al. (2017) designated the single male specimen in the MNHN as the lectotype. Later, Snyman et al. (2018) transferred the species to Buyda without any explicit justification, and finally Ardila-Camacho et al. (2018) synonymized the species under B. phthisica (Gerstaecker), but without studying the type. After analyzing the lectotype, we herein confirm the synonymy proposed by Ardila-Camacho et al. (2018). The lectotype of M. neotropica has all the major characters of B. phthisica, and the description and figures presented by Navás (1933) also matches with B. phthisica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/08E86965CB2E554B94B68ED77AD4FB67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
28FB5B60392B5B3A836E5BAC77F06D47.text	28FB5B60392B5B3A836E5BAC77F06D47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campion latifrons (Enderlein)	<div><p>Campion latifrons (Enderlein)</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Mantispa latifrons Enderlein, 1910: 355. Holotype: male (MZPW). Type locality: Brazil: Pará: Faro .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the original description, Enderlein (1910) explicitly mentioned a single male holotype from Faro, today a municipality in the state of Pará in the middle of the Amazon rainforest (Fig. 11 B). Penny (1977) listed this species, but he erroneously mentioned Mexico as its geographic origin instead of Brazil. Subsequently, the species was again mentioned by Ohl (2004) and Snyman et al. (2018). This species is one of the dubious names from the Neotropical region, which are still valid and until now placed in Mantispa . However, after the examination of the male holotype, it is clear to us that the type locality of the species is the result of mislabeling. The specimen has all the diagnostic characters of the Australian genus Campion Navás, including the simple claws on the mid and hind legs (Fig. 11 K). Dissection of the male genitalia also confirms that the species belongs to Campion, including the presence of scattered small thick spines distally on the medial margin of the ectoproct, instead of a distinct ventromedial lobe, dorsal membranous region between gonocoxites 9 with a pair of oblique strip-like sclerites, hypomeres absent but membrane lateral to apex of gonocoxites 10 (mediuncus) with a patch of setal bases (Fig. 11 N – Q). Furthermore, the species is probably a synonym of C. tenuistriga (Gerstaecker, 1885), a widespread species in Australia (Lambkin 1986; Ohl 2004). No other species with these characters has been reported outside of Australia. It is highly likely that the type specimen of Mantispa latifrons was mislabeled and actually does not occur in the New World. Herein, the combination, Campion latifrons (Enderlein, 1910) (new combination) is tentatively proposed. The taxonomic status of this species requires further study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/28FB5B60392B5B3A836E5BAC77F06D47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
47E68DBD19A250CF96E938262DEA5803.text	47E68DBD19A250CF96E938262DEA5803.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Climaciella cubana Enderlein 1910	<div><p>Climaciella cubana Enderlein</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Climaciella cubana Enderlein, 1910: 362. Holotype: female (MZPW). Type locality: Cuba.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The taxonomic history of C. cubana is stable, and its identity is unquestionable. However, the species is included here because since its original description by Enderlein (1910), which did not include illustrations, the holotype has not been mentioned in any of the later publications focusing on the taxonomy of the genus (Handschin 1960; Alayo 1968; Hoffman et al. 2017). Our examination of the holotype leaves no doubt that the current understanding of the taxonomy of C. cubana is correct. The holotype perfectly matches the redescriptions, diagnoses and images presented in these papers (Handschin 1960; Alayo 1968; Hoffman et al. 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/47E68DBD19A250CF96E938262DEA5803	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
F23DA048D4795B138549449905745443.text	F23DA048D4795B138549449905745443.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa basalis (Navas)	<div><p>Dicromantispa basalis (Navás)</p><p>Mantispilla basalis Navás, 1927: 59. Holotype or Syntypes: female (CN). Type locality: Bolivia: La Paz: Coroico .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was described by Navás (1927) from the city of Coroico, in the department of La Paz in Bolivia. The original description explicitly mentions the female sex, although without explicitly giving the number of specimens available to Navás. Therefore, it cannot be unambiguously decided if the description was based on one or more specimens (Ohl 2004; Snyman et al. 2018).</p><p>The species was transferred to Mantispa by Penny (1977), which was followed by Ohl (2004), but it was listed again in Mantispilla Enderlein, the original genus, by Snyman et al. (2018). Both Ohl (2004) and Snyman et al. (2018) mentioned that the type or type series is supposedly deposited in Navás’ collection, but we could not find any further information.</p><p>Without access to the types, the taxonomic identity of M. basalis poses some questions. Based on the original description, it is very likely that this species belongs in Dicromantispa, based on the overall body coloration. The species was described as presenting a yellowish color, a mark shaped as a “ Y ” at the vertex, anterior region of pronotum with three short longitudinal lines, and the forefemur internal surface darker, all characters associated with Dicromantispa . The original description also mentions that the forewing is hyaline with some yellow veins, characters that are currently associated with D. gracilis, which is a widespread species ranging from southern South America to Costa Rica, including records from Bolivia. In this sense, we are herein synonymizing Mantispilla basalis Navás, 1927 under Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson, 1839) based on the original description of the species, since the type material is apparently lost. (new combination, new synonym)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F23DA048D4795B138549449905745443	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
A0C8CFFA16BD50EDA1D5A91A9FB5A898.text	A0C8CFFA16BD50EDA1D5A91A9FB5A898.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa flavicauda (Navas)	<div><p>Dicromantispa flavicauda (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Mantispilla flavicauda Navás, 1914 c: 86 . Lectotype: male (NHMUK) (here designated). Type locality: Mexico: Guerrero: Venta de Zopilote</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The status of this species is similar to the previous two species. It was described by Navás (1914 c) from Venta de Zopilote at Guerrero state, Mexico, but the number of specimens used for the description is not clear (Ohl 2004). In this sense, we are herein designating the sole male from NHMUK as the lectotype. After the original description, the species was treated in Mantispa by Penny (1977) and Ohl (2004), and more recently transferred to Dicromantispa by Snyman et al. (2018) without justification. After analyzing the lectotype, we agree with Snyman et al. (2018) that the species belongs to Dicromantispa .</p><p>Dicromantispa is currently known from Mexico by two species, D. interrupta and D. sayi, including records from Guerrero of both species (Reynoso-Velasco and Contreras-Ramos 2010). Mantispilla flavicauda can be easily distinguished from D. interrupta, because the latter has specific marks on the forewings, but there is nothing that separates it from D. sayi, a widespread species with records from most of the USA south to Panama, including many of the Caribbean islands (Hoffman et al. 2017). Dicromantispa sayi presents some color variation of the head and antennae (Hoffman 1989) but the lectotype of M. flavicauda clearly fits within the known range of variations. Unfortunately, we only had access to images of the lectotype of M. flavicauda, and, therefore, we could not dissect the taxonomically significant genitalia. However, based on the current evidence, we are convinced that Mantispilla flavicauda Navás, 1912 is a junior synonym of Dicromantispa sayi (Banks, 1897) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0C8CFFA16BD50EDA1D5A91A9FB5A898	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
37A56F9FDF2E503CA18B2C3703250AC9.text	37A56F9FDF2E503CA18B2C3703250AC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa frontalis (Navas)	<div><p>Dicromantispa frontalis (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Mantispilla frontalis Navás, 1914 b: 232 . Lectotype (here designated): male (ZSMC). Type locality: Paraguay: San Bernardino .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The status of this species is similar to the previous one. It was described by Navás (1914 b) from San Bernardino, Paraguay, but the number of specimens used for the description is not clear. In this sense, we are herein designating the sole male from ZSMC as the lectotype. After the original description, the species was listed in Mantispa by Penny (1977) and Ohl (2004). More recently it was transferred to Dicromantispa by Snyman et al. (2018) without explicit justification. After studying the lectotype, we agree with Snyman et al. (2018) that the species belongs in Dicromantispa . In addition, the lectotype of M. frontalis shows all the major characters of D. gracilis . The hyaline wings, the yellow subcostal vein in the forewing, and more importantly, the color and shape of the male ectoproct in dorsal view (Fig. 7 A) totally matches the diagnostic characters of D. gracilis, a widespread species in the Neotropical region as discussed above. Therefore, we herein synonymize Mantispilla frontalis Navás, 1914 with Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson, 1839) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/37A56F9FDF2E503CA18B2C3703250AC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
094D0A6E271553C68F0335A43828B42D.text	094D0A6E271553C68F0335A43828B42D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa gounellei (Navas)	<div><p>Dicromantispa gounellei (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Mantispilla gounellei Navás, 1934: 16. Lectotype: male (MNHN). Type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina: Joinville: Salto do Piraí .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was described by Navás (1934) based on a type series from Salto do Piraí, which is an area around a waterfall in the Piraí river, currently located at the municipality of Joinville, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. In the original description, the author was not clear about the number of specimens that the description was based on, but at least one female was mentioned as deposited at MNHN. Later, Penny (1982) stated that he examined the male “ holotype ” of M. gounellei deposited at MNHN. Tauber et al. (2017) also examined the type and confirmed that it was a male. They stated that Penny’s (1982) reference to the putative holotype constitutes a valid lectotype designation. After examining this specimen, we confirm that it is a male specimen.</p><p>Mantispilla gounellei was transferred to Mantispa by Penny (1977), but a few years later, Penny himself synonymized it under Mantispa gracilis Erichson (today D. gracilis) (Penny, 1982). This synonymy was followed by all subsequent authors (Penny and Costa 1983; Carvalho and Corseuil 1995; Ohl 2004; Machado and Rafael 2010; Ardila-Camacho and García 2015; Tauber et al. 2017; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2018). However, our examination of the lectotype clearly shows that the species is not a synonym of D. gracilis but a synonym of D. debilis (Gerstaecker, 1888) . The membrane of the base of the forewing in the lectotype is brown (Fig. 9 A, B, F), different from the hyaline forewing base of D. gracilis . Furthermore, the male terminalia leaves no doubt that this is in fact D. debilis . In this sense, we are herein synonymizing Mantispilla gounellei Navás, 1934 under D. debilis (Gerstaecker, 1888) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/094D0A6E271553C68F0335A43828B42D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
A299505F0B785DC280478235EDF5EEAA.text	A299505F0B785DC280478235EDF5EEAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa gracilis (Rambur)	<div><p>Dicromantispa gracilis (Rambur)</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Mantispa gracilis Rambur, 1842: 433. Lectotype: female (ISNB) (here designated). Type locality: Colombia: Santa Fé de Bogotá .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species has a problematic taxonomic history. Its original description by Rambur (1842) is not clear about the number of specimens on which the description was based, nor where they were deposited. No other information about the type specimens were mentioned until the world catalogue of Mantispidae by Ohl (2004), who was also not sure about the type number and status (“ holotype (or syntypes), sex unknown ”). Tauber et al. (2019) presented one female syntype deposited at OUM. Herein, we had access to two apparent syntypes, a female from ISNB (Fig. 10 A – C) and the female at OUM (Fig. 10 D – H). They are indeed conspecific, and their labels suggest that they were both part of the original type series. Furthermore, one of the labels on the ISNB specimen mentions “ type n ° = 3 ” (Fig. 10 C), suggesting the possibility of more than two syntypes, but the true number of syntypes cannot be confirmed based on the original description (Rambur 1842). In this sense, in order to avoid any other future taxonomic problem, we are herein designating the female specimen from ISNB as the lectotype, because it is in better condition than the specimen from OUM.</p><p>Another problem with this species is that the name Mantispa gracilis Rambur, 1842 is a junior primary homonym of Mantispa gracilis Erichson, 1839, as firstly noted by Hagen (1861), but in more details discussed by Ohl (2004). Remarkably, our analysis of the syntypes of M. gracilis Rambur clearly indicate that this species is, in fact, a synonym of M. gracilis Erichson. The species published by Rambur (1842) presents all the major diagnostic characters of the species described by Erichson (1839), which by its turn is today considered a valid species, Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson) . See the discussion for Mantispa iridipennis Guérin-Méneville below for more details.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A299505F0B785DC280478235EDF5EEAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
12D3E79C3DE8570E837EE313870E48CD.text	12D3E79C3DE8570E837EE313870E48CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa iridipennis (Guerin-Meneville)	<div><p>Dicromantispa iridipennis (Guérin-Méneville)</p><p>Mantispa iridipennis Guérin-Méneville, 1844: 392. Holotype or syntypes: sex unknown, depository unknown. Type locality: Colombia</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The original description of this species is very brief and does not provide any information about the type material (Guérin-Méneville 1844). However, only a few years after the original publication, the species was synonymized with M. gracilis Rambur by Westwood (1852). All subsequent studies followed this suggestion (Walker 1853; Hagen 1861, 1866; Penny 1977) but some authors indicated that this synonymy is questionable (Ohl 2004; Snyman et al. 2018; Tauber et al. 2019). As discussed above, M. gracilis Rambur is a junior primary homonym of M. gracilis Erichson, and for this reason, M. iridipennis was treated as a valid species by Ohl (2004), which was followed by Snyman et al. (2018). It was considered incertae sedis by Ardila-Camacho and García (2015).</p><p>Despite the fact that the type material of M. iridipennis is apparently lost, the available information suggests that the species is a synonym of M. gracilis Erichson. As mentioned before, every study that included M. iridipennis considered it as a synonym of M. gracilis Rambur, which by its turn was considered herein as a synonym of M. gracilis Erichson (see above). Furthermore, despite being very brief, the original description of M. iridipennis says that the body is brown, and the major veins of the wings are yellow, characters that match with M. gracilis Erichson. In fact, the yellow color of the veins is the major diagnostic character as proposed by Hoffman (2002) to separate D. gracilis (Erichson) when describing the genus Dicromantispa . In this sense, we are herein synonymizing Mantispa iridipennis Guérin-Méneville with Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/12D3E79C3DE8570E837EE313870E48CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
7C981481815A56BE97D14EF82BA2E15C.text	7C981481815A56BE97D14EF82BA2E15C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa lineaticollis (Enderlein 1910)	<div><p>Dicromantispa lineaticollis (Enderlein)</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Mantispa lineaticollis Enderlein, 1910: 348. Holotype: female (MZPW). Type locality: Brazil: Pará: Faro .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the original description, Enderlein (1910) mentioned the holotype as a male, instead after analyzing the specimen herein it is clear that it is a female. The principal publication about this species after its original description is Penny (1982), who redescribed M. lineaticollis based on one male. However, Penny explicitly mentioned that he did not see the holotype, and that his conclusion could be erroneous. Penny’s interpretation was followed by some later studies on the Brazilian mantispids (Penny and Costa 1983; Carvalho and Corseuil 1995). Machado and Rafael (2010) studied images of the holotype of M. lineaticollis and concluded that the species is a synonym of Dicromantispa debilis (Gerstaecker) . At that time D. debilis was considered to be a synonym of M. compellens Walker as proposed by Penny (1982), but later it was revalidated by Hoffman (2002, see also Ohl 2004). The synonymy of M. lineaticollis under D. debilis was accepted by all following publications (Ardila-Camacho and García 2015; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2018). Herein, after analyzing the holotype, we agree with the conclusion by Machado and Rafael (2010) that M. lineaticollis is a junior synonym of D. debilis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C981481815A56BE97D14EF82BA2E15C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
AAFBFE39F95A519597BAA81F142A5FB2.text	AAFBFE39F95A519597BAA81F142A5FB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa luederwaldti (Enderlein)	<div><p>Dicromantispa luederwaldti (Enderlein)</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Mantispa luederwaldti Enderlein, 1910: 353. Holotype: female (MZPW). Type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The original description mentioned that the species was based on a male holotype from the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil (Enderlein 1910). This species is one of those dubious names from the Neotropical region, which are still kept in Mantispa . Since its description it was only listed in three posterior publications without any taxonomic comment (Penny 1977; Ohl 2004; Snyman et al. 2018).</p><p>After studying the holotype, it became obvious that it is a female (Fig. 13 K, L) and not a male as claimed in the original description (Enderlein 1910) and followed by subsequent authors (Ohl 2004; Snyman et al. 2018). We also conclude that it belongs in Dicromantispa, based on the overall brown body coloration and the pronotum (Fig. 13 H) with a few scattered setae in lateral view. Furthermore, the holotype presents all major diagnostic characters of D. synapsis Hoffman, like the interrupted longitudinal brown line at the frons (Fig. 13 D, E), and the presence of a plate covered by microspines anterior to the bursa in the female terminalia (Hoffman 2002; Machado and Rafael 2010). Dicromantispa synapsis is a relatively common species with records from Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana and Panama, but its holotype is actually from the state of Santa Catarina, just like M. luederwaldti . Specimens of this species were actually studied by Penny (1982), Penny and Costa (1983) and Carvalho and Corseuil (1995) but were treated as M. lineaticollis as discussed by Machado and Rafael (2010).</p><p>Based on the arguments mentioned above we are herein synonymizing Dicromantispa synapsis Hoffman, 2002 under Dicromantispa luederwaldti (Enderlein, 1910) (new combination; new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AAFBFE39F95A519597BAA81F142A5FB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
AF99B72733055AD298A84036433D0DF8.text	AF99B72733055AD298A84036433D0DF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa pehlkei (Enderlein)	<div><p>Dicromantispa pehlkei (Enderlein)</p><p>Fig. 16</p><p>Mantispa pehlkei Enderlein, 1910: 351. Lectotype: female (MZPW) (here designated). Type locality: Colombia.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This is another of the Neotropical species, which are still associated with Mantispa . The species was described by Enderlein (1910) based on two specimens from Colombia, a female (Fig. 16 A – G) and another specimen of unknown sex (its abdomen was probably already lost at that time) (Fig. 16 H – Q), both deposited at MZPW. We are herein designating the specimen with the indication of female on the label (Fig. 16 G) as the lectotype, because it is in better condition.</p><p>The species was listed by Penny (1977) and included at the world catalogue of Mantispidae by Ohl (2004), who stated that the types were probably lost. This information about the types was later followed by Ardila-Camacho and García (2015) and Snyman et al. (2018). We found the two syntypes deposited at MZPW, both with the abdomen broken but one of them containing the information that it is a female, while the other does not show any information about the sex. Despite the relatively poor condition of both syntypes it is clear that the species belongs in Dicromantispa . This is based on the overall brown body coloration and the pronotum with a few scattered setae in lateral view (Fig. 16 F), as mentioned in the original description (Enderlein 1910). Furthermore, both syntypes present the diagnostic characters of D. gracilis, the hyaline wings with some of the major veins yellow (Fig. 16 A). Dicromantispa gracilis is a widespread species with records from Uruguay to Costa Rica, including Colombia (Ardila-Camacho and García (2015), with a long list of synonyms (Ohl 2004). Enderlein (1910) in the original description mentioned that he did not have access to the types of M. iridipennis, another species with the type locality from Colombia, which was herein synonymized under D. gracilis .</p><p>Based on the arguments stated above we are herein synonymizing Mantispa pehlkei Enderlein, 1910 under Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson, 1839) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF99B72733055AD298A84036433D0DF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
A9293F8DFF7C595A92C0A40B5E3ADCE2.text	A9293F8DFF7C595A92C0A40B5E3ADCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa subcostalis (Navas)	<div><p>Dicromantispa subcostalis (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 17</p><p>Mantispa subcostalis Navás, 1929 a: 115 . Holotype: female (DEI). Type locality: Brazil: Amazonas: São Paulo de Olivença .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This is another Neotropical species, which is still placed in Mantispa . The species was described by Navás (1929 a), explicitly based on one female from the Amazonas state in Brazil. More precisely, the holotype is from the municipality of São Paulo de Olivença, located at the margin of the Solimões river (which is the name of the Amazon river before the junction with the Negro river), a remote area in the middle of the Amazon rainforest, very close to the borders of Colombia and Peru. The species was only listed by Penny (1977) and Snyman et al. (2018) and included in the world catalogue of Mantispidae (Ohl 2004) . After analyzing the holotype, it is clear that it belongs in Dicromantispa, based on the overall brown body color and the pronotum with a few scattered setae (Fig. 17 E). However, M. subcostalis does not match the diagnostic characters of any of the currently valid species, and for this reason we are considering it as a valid species, Dicromantispa subcostalis (Navás) (new combination).</p><p>Dicromantispa until now is represented by eight valid extant species, two of them are restricted to Central and North America, D. interrupta (Say) and D. sayi (Banks) . These can be easily distinguished from D. subcostalis based on the wings and dark pronotal marks, respectively. Like D. subcostalis, all other six species have records from Brazil. Dicromantispa gracilis and D. hyalina Machado and Rafael have the base of their forewings hyaline, separating them from D. subcostalis (Fig. 17 A). The dark brown costal area in the hind wings of D. leucophaea Machado and Rafael and D. moulti (Navás) separate them from D. subcostalis . The continuous longitudinal dark line in the frons of D. subcostalis (Fig. 17 C) easily separates it from D. luederwaldti (see discussion above), additionally the marks on the vertex and the shape of the female sternite nine also distinguish them. The remaining species is D. debilis, which apparently is more similar to D. subcostalis, but their pronotal marks are different, and more importantly, the inner forefemoral surface of D. debilis is dark brown, while in D. subcostalis it is light brown (Fig. 17 F). In fact, the light brown forefemur inner surface is unique to D. subcostalis, while all other Dicromantispa species have the forefemur inner surface entirely dark brown or with at least with a large dark mark. In this sense, D. subcostalis is considered herein as a valid species known only by the female holotype from a remote area in the middle of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Future field work in this area will be important to collect male specimens in order to confirm its taxonomic identity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9293F8DFF7C595A92C0A40B5E3ADCE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
AF574F32E88E5FA797AECD87B5CB2AA6.text	AF574F32E88E5FA797AECD87B5CB2AA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicromantispa venulosa (Navas)	<div><p>Dicromantispa venulosa (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 19</p><p>Mantispilla venulosa Navás, 1914 c: 85 . Lectotype (here designated): female (NHMUK). Type locality: Central America: Caldera .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The status of this species is very similar to Mantispilla flavicauda as discussed above. It was described by Navás (1914 c) from an unprecise location in Central America, but the number of specimens used for the description was not clear. In this sense, we are herein designating the female from NHMUK, the sole specimen found here, as the lectotype. After the original description the species was treated in Mantispa by Penny (1977) and Ohl (2004), and more recently transferred to Dicromantispa without justification by Snyman et al. (2018). Herein after analyzing the lectotype we agree with Snyman et al. (2018) that the species belongs to Dicromantispa . However, the lectotype shows all the major characters of D. gracilis, like hyaline wings with some of the major veins being yellow (Fig. 19 F, G). In this sense, we are herein synonymizing Mantispilla venulosa Navás, 1914 under Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson, 1839) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF574F32E88E5FA797AECD87B5CB2AA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
AF494EE814855676B6699BDB55B61BDD.text	AF494EE814855676B6699BDB55B61BDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerstaeckerella gigantea Enderlein 1910	<div><p>Gerstaeckerella gigantea Enderlein</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Gerstaeckerella gigantea Enderlein, 1910: 370. Holotype: female (MZPW). Type locality: Colombia</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species also does not pose any taxonomic problems, but after the original description by Enderlein (1910), no subsequent taxonomic paper has commented on the holotype. This research gap can also be recognized by the fact that the holotype is a female (Fig. 8 K), and not a male, as claimed in the original description (Enderlein 1910) and followed by subsequent authors (Stange 1967; Penny and Costa 1983; Ohl 2004; Ardila-Camacho and García 2015). However, despite this error, the taxonomic understanding of this species in the literature corresponds exactly with the holotype, thus reinforcing the taxonomic stability of the species (Williner and Kormilev 1958; Poivre 1978; Penny and Costa 1983).</p><p>A question related to this species was raised by Penny and Costa (1983) regarding the type locality. Enderlein (1910) stated “ Columbien ” in the original description, which is corroborated by the specimen’s locality label (Fig. 8 B). However, Penny and Costa (1983) discussed that the type locality is dubious, since all other records of the species are from southern South America (Argentina, Brazil (Paraná and Santa Catarina states), Paraguay and Uruguay). Although most records for G. gigantea are indeed from the southern Neotropics, Penny and Costa (1983) ignored a second specimen studied by Williner and Kormilev (1958) from Colombia, Rio Claro in the Antioquia Department (erroneously mentioned as the type locality of the species by the authors, which was later followed by Ardila-Camacho and Garcia (2015)). The existence of this second specimen from Colombia strongly suggests that the type locality is likely to be correct. However, a genetic study of G. gigantea would be of great interest, considering the large geographic distance between the known records.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF494EE814855676B6699BDB55B61BDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
E25E6E0B2AED58868BAA3DF24A2ABF02.text	E25E6E0B2AED58868BAA3DF24A2ABF02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerstaeckerella riedeliana (Fischer von Waldheim 1834)	<div><p>Gerstaeckerella riedeliana (Fischer von Waldheim)</p><p>Raphidia riedeliana Fischer von Waldheim, 1834: 329. Holotype or syntypes: sex unknown (ZIL or ZMUM). Type locality: Brazil</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species is very similar to the Raphidia margaritacea, they were both described in the same paper by Fischer von Waldheim (1834) in his study about the Orthoptera and Neuroptera from Brazil. According to Ohl (2004) the type series was supposedly deposited at ZIL or ZMUM, but we were unable to get information about it. It cannot be excluded that the type material is lost. After its publication the species was synonymized under Mantispa irrorata Erichson, 1839 (today Gerstaeckerella irrorata) by Hagen (1861) despite the fact that the oldest name is R. riedeliana . This synonym was posteriorly followed by Penny and Costa (1983) and Carvalho and Corseuil (1991). However as discussed by Ohl (2004), despite the synonym proposed by Hagen (1861), the same author posteriorly considered the species as valid again (Hagen 1866). In this sense, Ohl (2004) decided to keep the species as valid but transferred it to Gerstaeckerella based on the original description. Since the location of the type material is still unknown, we refrain from proposing any taxonomic decision here, keeping it as a valid species in Gerstaeckerella as proposed by Ohl (2004) and followed by Machado and Martins (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E25E6E0B2AED58868BAA3DF24A2ABF02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
4D89AB13C2CB55B18CDF9FE9B984A403.text	4D89AB13C2CB55B18CDF9FE9B984A403.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomantispa axillaris (Navas 1908)	<div><p>Leptomantispa axillaris (Navás)</p><p>Mantispa axillaris Navás, 1908: 412. Syntypes: male, female (MNHN, MZBS). Type locality: Brazil: Goiás: Jataí .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was described by Navás (1908) based on a series of males and females from the municipality of Jataí in Goiás state in central Brazil. For a long time, this species was not mentioned again in the literature. It was listed by Penny (1977) and later redescribed by Penny and Costa (1983), but without seeing any of the syntypes. All subsequent identifications of this species were based on what was proposed by Penny and Costa (1983). Also, Machado and Rafael (2010) did not see any of the syntypes, but they transferred the species to Leptomantispa, the current placement of the species (Tauber et al. 2017; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2018; Alvim et al. 2019).</p><p>Although the taxonomic identity of Mantispa axillaris has never been seriously questioned, it can hardly be confirmed without studying at least one of the syntypes. Unfortunately, the types seem to be lost. Ohl (2004) indicated that they should be housed at MZBS and MNHN, but he did not locate them, and Tauber et al. (2017) presented the same conclusion, mentioning that they could not find the types. In fact, they suggested that a neotype should be designated. We also failed in confirming the whereabouts of the types in both collections during our study.</p><p>At the moment, we propose that L. axillaris should be treated as a valid name for the sake of nomenclatural stability. Furthermore, the interpretation of axillaris, proposed by Penny and Costa (1983), matches the original description, and many other specimens of L. axillaris have been recorded in areas very close to the type locality (Machado and Rafael 2010). We agree with Tauber et al. (2017) that a neotype should be designated, but we believe that this specimen should be from the type locality, and since no material from the locus typicus is available at the moment, we refrain from designating a neotype here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D89AB13C2CB55B18CDF9FE9B984A403	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
9F096D254C945310BC22D80E56A103C6.text	9F096D254C945310BC22D80E56A103C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomantispa trilineata (Navas 1914)	<div><p>Leptomantispa trilineata (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 18</p><p>Mantispa trilineata Navás, 1914 b: 230 . Holotype: female (NHMUK). Type locality: Brazil: Paraná: Castro .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was described by Navás, (1914 b) explicitly based on one specimen from the municipality of Castro, in the state of Paraná in southern Brazil. It was later reported from Argentina (Navás 1921) and listed by Penny (1977). However, the first review of the species was published by Penny (1982), who mentioned that after studying the female holotype from NHMUK, he considered M. trilineata to be a junior synonym of M. gracilis (now in Dicromantispa). The synonym proposed by Penny (1982) was followed by all subsequent authors (Penny and Costa 1983; Carvalho and Corseuil 1995; Ohl 2004; Machado and Rafael 2010; Ardila-Camacho and García 2015; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2018). Herein, after analyzing the female holotype, it is clear to us that the species is, in fact, not a synonym of D. gracilis as currently accepted. Instead, the species clearly belongs in Leptomantispa: it presents all the diagnostic characters of the genus as described by Hoffman (2002): forewing without a mark posterior to cell 1 MP, and Sc and RA forming an angle between 40–50 ° (Fig. 18 G), but most importantly the presence of prominent setae arising flush to the entire pronotal dorsal surface (Fig. 18 B). Furthermore, M. trilineata perfectly matches with the specimens that are currently identified as L. axillaris (see discussion above). The overall body color is markedly similar, although the holotype of M. trilineata color seems a little faded, and the subcostal area in the forewing is hyaline (Fig. 18 G). Additionally, L. axillaris can be easily collected in Paraná state including at the type locality of M. trilineata . In this sense, we are herein synonymizing Mantispa trilineata Navás, 1914 under Leptomantispa axillaris (Navás, 1908) . (new combination, new synonym)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F096D254C945310BC22D80E56A103C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
908274922DC6548B9E2830FECB39C50C.text	908274922DC6548B9E2830FECB39C50C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mantispilla boliviana Navas 1927	<div><p>Mantispilla boliviana Navás</p><p>Mantispilla boliviana Navás, 1927: 58. Holotype or syntypes: female (CN). Type locality: Bolivia: Santa Cruz: Buena Vista .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The status of this species is similar to the previous one. It was described in the same publication (Navás 1927), also from Bolivia, but from Buena Vista in the department of Santa Cruz, based on one or more females. After that, the species was only listed by Penny (1977) and included in the world catalogue (Ohl 2004) in the genus Mantispa . As in M. basalis above, the female sex is mentioned, but it is unclear, if one or more specimens were available. The type material is also supposedly deposited in Navás’ collection, but we could not find any information about it. Different from the previous species, the original description of M. boliviana is more unspecific, which prevents us from unambiguously associating it with one of the genera from South America. Based solely on the original description it is almost impossible to associate this species with one of the current valid genera, and for this reason and the absence of the type series, we are herein considering this species as a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/908274922DC6548B9E2830FECB39C50C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
1A6A6D4145E25E99B40BFC2A15CA8508.text	1A6A6D4145E25E99B40BFC2A15CA8508.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mantispilla gillavryna Navas 1926	<div><p>Mantispilla gillavryna Navás</p><p>Mantispilla gillavryna Navás, 1926 b: 6 . Holotype: female (CN). Type locality: Suriname: Paramaribo</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was described by Navás (1926 b) explicitly based on a female from Paramaribo, Suriname, and posteriorly mentioned again by the same author (Navás 1929 b). Subsequently, the species was transferred to Mantispa by Penny (1977) which was accepted by Ohl (2004) but returned to Mantispilla by Snyman et al. (2018). The holotype was supposedly deposited in Navás’ collection but we could not get any information about it, strongly suggesting that it is probably lost. Based on the original description we can certainly assume that the species is related to Zeugomantispa, since it is mentioned that the specimen body is mostly green, including the wing venation and pterostigma. These characteristics clearly assigns M. gillavryna to Zeugomantispa, but it is not possible to unambiguously associate it with one of the three current valid species in the genus. The green color of the pterostigma can exclude Z. compellens (Walker, 1860), which presents a red pterostigma, but it cannot exclude Z. minuta (Fabricius, 1775) nor Z. virescens (Rambur, 1842) . The type locality of M. gillavryna also does not help, since both Z. minuta and Z. virescens potentially occur in Suriname. Since the type is not accessible, and since the original description is ambiguous, we propose to treat M. gillavryna as a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A6A6D4145E25E99B40BFC2A15CA8508	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
9E265FA17A30573494DCBCCD8E5969FB.text	9E265FA17A30573494DCBCCD8E5969FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mantispilla rimata Navas 1929	<div><p>Mantispilla rimata Navás</p><p>Mantispilla rimata Navás, 1929 b: 322 . Holotype: sex unknown (ZMUH, likely lost). Type locality: Brazil: São Paulo: Santos .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was described by Navás (1929 b) from the municipality of Santos, at the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Ohl (2004) and Snyman et al. (2018) expressed doubts if the description was based on one or more specimens, but in the original description the author clearly mentioned that the type has one extra crossvein on the first radial cell on the right forewing, suggesting that there was only one type specimen. After the original description it was treated in Mantispa by Penny (1977), Ohl (2004), and Snyman et al. (2018). The holotype was originally deposited in the ZMUH. However, this collection was basically destroyed during World War II, and apparently the whole Neuroptera collection was ruined, indicating that the types of all species in Mantispidae were lost (Ohl 2004). Based solely on the original description it is impossible to associate this species with one of the current valid genera in Mantispidae, and for this reason and the absence of the holotype, we are herein considering this species as a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E265FA17A30573494DCBCCD8E5969FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
47DF40AABC465DFF9FD8B6447939746C.text	47DF40AABC465DFF9FD8B6447939746C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Raphidia margaritacea Fischer von Waldheim 1834	<div><p>Raphidia margaritacea Fischer von Waldheim</p><p>Raphidia margaritacea Fischer von Waldheim, 1834: 330. Holotype or syntypes: sex and depositary unknown. Type locality: Brazil</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was described by Fischer von Waldheim (1834) in his study about the Orthoptera and Neuroptera from Brazil. The description is very brief and not very informative and the type series is apparently lost, as shown by Ohl (2004). After the original description, the first paper to mention R. margaritacea was Hagen (1861), who synonymized it under Mantispa viridula Erichson, which was later followed by Hagen (1866), Berg (1899) and Penny (1977). Poivre (1982) transferred the species to the genus Entanoneura Enderlein without justification. In the revision of the Mantispidae from the Brazilian Amazon, Penny (1982) synonymized both M. viridula and R. margaritacea under Mantispa minuta (Fabricius), now in Zeugomantispa . The synonymy of R. margaritacea under Z. minuta was followed by many subsequent authors (Penny and Costa 1983; Carvalho and Corseuil 1995; Ohl 2004; Ardila-Camacho and García 2015; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2018) and it is the most accepted placement today (Oswald 2024). The first species with which R. margaritacea was synonymized, M. viridula, is now considered a synonym of Z. virescens (Rambur) (see Ohl 2004 for more details).</p><p>Later, Machado and Rafael (2010) during their study of the Brazilian Mantispidae, noted that what was previously treated as M. minuta in the Brazilian fauna (sensu Penny 1982; Penny and Costa 1983; Carvalho and Corseuil 1995) was actually Z. virescens and not Z. minuta, based on the taxonomic arrangement proposed by Hoffman (2002). Despite being present in some neighboring countries, like Colombia and Venezuela, Z. minuta is still not recorded from Brazil (Machado and Martins 2022).</p><p>In this sense, based on the fact that the type series of R. margaritacea is from Brazil, and that it was firstly synonymized under M. viridula, it makes sense to associate R. margaritacea with Z. virescens and not with Z. minuta . Furthermore, if this assumption is true, the oldest name of this species that would prevail would be R. margaritacea, and the current accepted name of this species would have to change. However, the lack of the type material of R. margaritacea makes it impossible to finally decide on the taxonomic status of this species. Since its original description is also quite uninformative, we are herein considering the species as a nomen dubium potentially in Zeugomantispa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/47DF40AABC465DFF9FD8B6447939746C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
922280C1EFA65A528C5CB952E490A950.text	922280C1EFA65A528C5CB952E490A950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomantispa chlorodes (Navas)	<div><p>Zeugomantispa chlorodes (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Mantispilla chlorodes Navás, 1914 a: 25 . Lectotype: sex unknown (NHMUK) (here designated). Type locality: Panama: Chiriqui.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was described from Panama, Chiriqui valley, but the number of specimens used for the description is not clear, as evidenced by Ohl (2004). In this sense, we are herein designating the specimen from NHMUK, the sole specimen found here, as the lectotype. The species was treated in Mantispa by Penny (1977) and Ohl (2004), and more recently, it was transferred to Zeugomantispa by Snyman et al. (2018) without explicit justification. Herein after studying the lectotype (tip of the abdomen missing), we agree with Snyman et al. (2018) that the species belongs in Zeugomantispa . However, it is obvious that the species is a junior synonym of Z. virescens (Rambur) . It shows all the major characters of Z. virescens, particularly a green pterostigma and the crossveins aa-ap straight in the forewing (Fig. 1 E). This is one of the most widespread species in Mantispidae in the New World, with records from central Mexico to southern Brazil (Hoffman 2002; Machado and Martins 2022), with a long synonymic list (Ohl 2004). Therefore, we are herein synonymizing Mantispilla chlorodes Navás, 1914 under Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/922280C1EFA65A528C5CB952E490A950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
37EB15963DB95285B506A70024F8193E.text	37EB15963DB95285B506A70024F8193E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomantispa chlorotica (Navas)	<div><p>Zeugomantispa chlorotica (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Mantispilla chlorotica Navás, 1912: 200. Lectotype: female (ZSMC) (here designated). Type locality: Paraguay: San Bernardino .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The status of this species is very similar to the previous one. It was described by Navás (1912) from San Bernardino, Paraguay, but the number of specimens used for the description is not clear (Ohl 2004). In this sense, we are herein designating the female from ZSMC, the sole specimen found here, as the lectotype. After the original description, the species was listed in Mantispa by Penny (1977) and Ohl (2004), and more recently transferred to Zeugomantispa by Snyman et al. (2018) without any justification. Herein after analyzing the lectotype we reached the same conclusion, that this species has all the diagnostic characters of Z. virescens (Rambur) . In this sense, we are herein synonymizing Mantispilla chlorotica Navás, 1912 under Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/37EB15963DB95285B506A70024F8193E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
F03AAF5347BF5240AED78388EDF4F079.text	F03AAF5347BF5240AED78388EDF4F079.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomantispa femoralis (Navas)	<div><p>Zeugomantispa femoralis (Navás)</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Mantispa femoralis Navás, 1914 a: 25 . Lectotype: female (NHMUK) (here designated). Type locality: Mexico: Veracruz: Orizaba</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Since its original description by Navás (1914 a) no other taxonomic paper treated this species, and there are no images of the species available in the literature. The original paper is not clear about the number of specimens used for the description, as evidenced by Ohl (2004). In this sense, we are herein designating the sole female specimen from NHMUK as the lectotype. After its original description, the species was listed by Penny (1977) and included in the world catalogue by Ohl (2004). More recently, Snyman et al. (2018) transferred the species to Zeugomantispa without explicit justification. Herein after analyzing the lectotype, we can conclude that it is a female, and, in fact, it belongs to Zeugomantispa, based on the pronotal setae arising from distinct bumps (Fig. 5 B). However, the species clearly presents all diagnostic characters of Z. minuta (Fabricius): the green pterostigma, and the aa-ap crossvein curved posteriorly in the forewing (Hoffman 2002) (Fig. 5 E). Zeugomantispa minuta is a widespread species with records from USA to South America, including some Caribbean islands, with a long list of synonyms, many described by Navás (Ohl 2004). In this sense, we are convinced that Mantispa femoralis Navás is a junior synonym of Zeugomantispa minuta (Fabricius) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F03AAF5347BF5240AED78388EDF4F079	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
E3DFB0AD73E75238A1E7AD2E84C622EC.text	E3DFB0AD73E75238A1E7AD2E84C622EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomantispa gradata (Navas)	<div><p>Zeugomantispa gradata (Navás)</p><p>Mantispilla gradata Navás, 1926 a: 86 . Holotype or syntypes: female (CN). Type locality: Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The condition of this species is very similar to Mantispilla basalis presented above. It was described by Navás (1926 a) from the municipality of Corumbá, at the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The original description does not explicitly state the number of specimens available, but at least one female was mentioned. The species was treated in Mantispa by Penny (1977), Ohl (2004), and Snyman et al. (2018). The type series was supposedly deposited in Navás’ collection but we could not get any information about it. It is probably lost. However, the original description mentioned that the body is mostly yellow to green, there are red marks on the head, the wings are hyaline with pterostigma green, and the pronotum is rugose, all characters suggesting that this species should be placed in Zeugomantispa . Furthermore, based on the color of the pterostigma and the type locality it is very likely that M. gradata is another synonym of Z. virescens . In this sense, we are herein synonymizing Mantispilla gradata Navás, 1926 under Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842) based solely on the original description of the species. (new combination, new synonym)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3DFB0AD73E75238A1E7AD2E84C622EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
C8A8697E4CBE5C528EB6F365AA42A937.text	C8A8697E4CBE5C528EB6F365AA42A937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomantispa paraguayana (Ohl)	<div><p>Zeugomantispa paraguayana (Ohl)</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>Mantispilla nana Navás, 1912: 201. Lectotype: female (ZSMC) (here designated). Type locality: Paraguay: San Bernardino .</p><p>Mantispa paraguayana Ohl, 2004: 188. Replacement name for Mantispilla nana Navás, 1912, a junior secondary homonym of Mantispa nana Erichson, 1839 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species was originally described as Mantispilla nana by Navás (1912). The author did not explicitly state the number of specimens available to him, but he might have seen more than one specimen. In this sense, we are herein designating the female specimen from ZSMC, the sole specimens found here, as the lectotype. Posterior to the original description the species was only mentioned by Penny (1977), who transferred it to Mantispa . Later, Ohl (2004) noticed that after the transference of the species to Mantispa, it was now a junior secondary homonym of Mantispa nana Erichson, 1839 (today Afromantispa nana). In this sense, he designated a replacement name for the species, Mantispa paraguayana, inspired by its type locality. Posterior to that the name was only mentioned again by Snyman et al. (2018), who treated it as Mantispilla paraguayana (Ohl, 2004) . Herein after studying the lectotype, it became obvious that this species is another synonym of Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842) . It has all the major diagnostic characters of the species, like the rugose pronotum (Fig. 15 B), the green pterostigma and the crossveins aa-ap straight in the forewing (Fig. 15 C). Therefore, we are herein synonymizing Mantispa paraguayana Ohl, 2004 under Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842) (new synonym).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8A8697E4CBE5C528EB6F365AA42A937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pires Machado, Renato Jose;Li, Hongyu;Ohl, Michael	Pires Machado, Renato Jose, Li, Hongyu, Ohl, Michael (2025): Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (1): 57-83, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.148626
