identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
EBFD69958B995DB29972D2DF1FAE9D29.text	EBFD69958B995DB29972D2DF1FAE9D29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bethylus colligatus Lim 2025	<div><p>Bethylus colligatus Lim sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4</p><p>Description.</p><p>Holotype (female). Colour. Head: black, mandible castaneous; antenna light castaneous, darkening apicad. Mesosoma: black; forewing hyaline and subhyaline, veins light castaneous; coxae, trochanters, femora dark castaneous; tibiae and tarsomere V light castaneous; tarsomeres I – V yellow. Metasoma: dark castaneous.</p><p>Morphology. Body length 3.7 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 4 D – G): 1.1 × as long as wide (Fig. 4 D). Lateral margin posterior to eye tapering to postero-lateral corner, postero-lateral corner forming round angle, posterior margin straight in dorsal view with long sub-erect setae, vertex crest slightly outcurved (Fig. 4 D). Mandible with hairs and four teeth; all teeth sharpened apically, getting long to ventralmost tooth (Fig. 4 G). Clypeus well developed, median clypeal lobe distinctly protuberant with apex rounded; lateral clypeal lobe polished and smooth; median clypeal carina developed, slightly extending posterad into frons (Fig. 4 D). Antenna with 12 antennomeres; each antennomere longer than wide; first six antennomeres with in ratio of 2.19: 1.08: 1.00: 1.04: 1.04: 1.02 and 1.03 in length; 2.3, 1.9, 2.0, 1.8, 1.8, 1.8 and 2.2 × as long as wide, respectively (Fig. 4 F). Frons coriaceous with sparse shallow punctures, separated each other by 1.5–4.0 × of their diameter (Fig. 4 D). WF 1.2 × LEF (Fig. 4 D). Mediooccipito-genal suture present. Occipital carina absent. Compound eye 0.35 mm in dorsal view (Fig. 4 D); 0.34 mm long and 1.4 × as long a wide in lateral view (Fig. 4 E); LEF 1.2 × VOL (Fig. 4 D). Anterior angle of ocellar triangle acute, POL 1.2 × AOL; OOL 2.0 × WOT; DPV 1.7 × DAO (Fig. 4 D). LEL 1.3 × LG (Fig. 4 E). Malar space narrow; malar line between mandible and eye absent. Gena coriaceous with shallow sparse punctures (Fig. 4 E).</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 4 A – C, H): pronotal dorsal area coriaceous, 0.5 × long as wide with sparse small punctures as dorsal surface of head; posterior margin outcurved medially (Fig. 4 H). Mesoscutum coriaceous with few punctures; notaulus absent; parapsidal signum parallel, well developed, and continued to posterior carina between mesoscutum and mesoscutellum; posterior margin of mesoscutum broadly rounded (Fig. 4 H). LMS 0.8 × as long as LMST (Fig. 4 H). Mesoscutellar disc coriaceous; mesoscuto-scutellar fovea elongate, oblique (Fig. 4 H). Metanotum reduced medially; metanotal fovea present; lateral area polished and smooth (Fig. 4 H). Metapectal-propodeal complex 1.1 × as long as wide; metapostnotum depressed and reticulate; median ridge smooth and polished; metapectal-propodeal disc rugulose, depressed and obliquely rugose near lateral marginal carina of metapectal-propodeal disc; lateral marginal carina of metapectal-propodeal disc complete; propodeal declivity coriaceous; anterior metapleural area coriaceous, metapleural line with two distinct pits and some weak pits; lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex strongly coriaceous (Fig. 4 H). Propleuron coriaceous. Mesopectus coriaceous with shallow punctures; subalar impression, mesepimeral sulcus distinct. Prosternum coriaceous with weak longitudinal sulcus medially.</p><p>Forewing (Fig. 4 I): 2.39 mm long. Rs + M 2 v extremely short. 2 r-rs &amp; Rs 2 v with apex angled curved. R 1 2 v 1.4 × as long as Lpts. M 2 v 2.0 × as long as Rs 2 v. Rs 2 v 1.0 × as long as Cu 2 v. R 2 c, 1 Cu 2 c, and 1 M 2 c hyaline with sparse, short hairs; elsewhere with denser, short hairs. M 2 fl 0.94 mm long, straight.</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 4 A): metasomal terga smooth and polished, weakly coriaceous basally; longitudinal sulcus of first metasomal tergum distinctly exceeding first metasomal spiracle. Overlapping region of tergum weakly coriaceous. S 3 – S 6 with one transverse apical line of small punctures with suberect hairs along with posterior margin of each sternite.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>South Korea • Gangwon Province: Yanggu: Haean: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.11307&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.253613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.11307/lat 38.253613)">Mandae: DMZ Botanical Garden</a>; Malaise trap, 38°15'13"N, 128°6'47"E, Alt. 608 m, 30.vi.2015, H. T. Shin leg.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: ♀, South Korea: Gangwon Province: Yanggu: Haean: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.11307&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.253613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.11307/lat 38.253613)">Mandae: DMZ Botanical Garden</a>; Malaise trap, 38°15'13"N, 128°6'47"E, Alt. 608 m, 30.vi.2015, H. T. Shin leg. (KNAE 20150630-MT-055)  .  Paratypes: 2 ♀, same data as holotype, KNAE 20150630-MT-056, KNAE 20150630-MT-057 .</p><p>DNA barcodes.</p><p>GenBank accession numbers PQ 777353 – PQ 777356. The intraspecific divergence of the barcode region averages 1.15 %, with a maximum distance of 2.11 % (n = 4). The minimum distance to its nearest neighbour,  B. berlandi, is 22.0 %.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name  colligatus is Latin, meaning “ unified, ” as the type specimens were collected from the DMZ area (Yanggu County, Gangwon Province), situated between the two Koreas. The species epithet is treated as an adjective in the nominative.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species closely resembles  B. convexus Wang, He &amp; Chen from China in terms of body colour, the median clypeal lobe with a rounded apex, an acute anterior angle of the ocellar triangle, a distinctly protuberant eye, and being macropterous. However, it differs from  B. convexus in several key features: the side of the head posterior to the eye taper towards the postero-lateral corner, all mandibular apical teeth are sharpened, the DPV is 1.7 × the DAO, the apex of 2 r-rs &amp; Rs 2 v is distinctly angled in  B. colligatus sp. nov., whereas the sides of head posterior to eye parallel, upper most one with margin truncated, the DPV is 1.0 × the DAO, and the apex of 2 r-rs &amp; Rs 2 v is rounded in  B. convexus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBFD69958B995DB29972D2DF1FAE9D29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Kyung Min;Kim, Il-kwon;Lim, Jongok	Lee, Kyung Min, Kim, Il-kwon, Lim, Jongok (2025): New species and barcode analysis of Bethylus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from South Korea. ZooKeys 1238: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1238.145564
3C2F47CDA8A15421B7336487C6874CAD.text	3C2F47CDA8A15421B7336487C6874CAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bethylus Latreille 1802	<div><p>Genus  Bethylus Latreille, 1802</p><p>Bethylus Latreille, 1802: 315 . Type species:  Omalus fuscicornis Jurine, 1807 .</p><p>Anoxus Thomson, 1862: 451. Type species: 
Anoxus boops Thomson, 1862
.</p><p>Anoxys Dalla Torre, 1898: 550. Unjustified emendation to 
Anoxus
by Dalla Torre (1898).</p><p>Perisemus Förster, 1856: 95. Type species: 
Bethylus triareolatus Förster, 1856
.</p><p>Episemus Thomson, 1862: 452. Type species: 
Epysemus variabilis Thomson, 1862
[1861].</p><p>Digoniozus Kieffer, 1905: 245 . Type species:  Perisemus oregonensis Ashmead, 1893 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Palpal formula 5: 2; clypeus short and not strongly angulated medially; antenna with 12 antennomeres; notauli absent parapsidal signum present; anteromesoscutum short; metapectal-propodeal complex with lateral carina present, metapostnotal median carina absent; prosternum large, diamond-shaped; hypopygium with posterior bilobate; parameres double, completely divided into dorsal and ventral arms (Azevedo et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C2F47CDA8A15421B7336487C6874CAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Kyung Min;Kim, Il-kwon;Lim, Jongok	Lee, Kyung Min, Kim, Il-kwon, Lim, Jongok (2025): New species and barcode analysis of Bethylus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from South Korea. ZooKeys 1238: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1238.145564
