identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D87287BA7225FFCE838E13F9025E2A1E.text	D87287BA7225FFCE838E13F9025E2A1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tylopus Jeekel 1968	<div><p>Genus  Tylopus Jeekel, 1968</p><p>Agnesia Attems, 1953: 174 .</p><p>Tylopus Jeekel, 1968: 60 .</p><p>Paratylopus Korsós &amp; Golovatch, 1989: 215 .</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. —  Agnesia nodulipes Attems, 1953, by original designation.</p><p>EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. — Body medium-sized to large (c. 10-44 mm long, c. 0.5-5.1 mm wide), with 20 segments. Paraterga from virtually missing to strongly developed, usually with lateral incisions. Transverse metatergal sulcus distinct. Leg relatively long and slender, most species present adenostyles (= ventral outgrowths) at least on some of the male legs. ♂ tarsal brushes usually present. A sternal lobe between ♂ coxae 4 present.</p><p>The gonopod telopodite typically features a prominent transverse ring, or cingulum, demarcating the postfemoral region which starts at the base of a free, flagelliform solenomere. This solenomere is largely sheathed by a slender, sigmoid solenophore that often bears basal outgrowths. The cingulum is rarely incomplete, usually due to a reduced sulcus at the base of a postfemoral lobe l. While lobe l itself is usually simple, sometimes it can be crowned with an additional outgrowth or process. Beyond lobe l, the postfemoral region usually possesses a medially positioned process h. Additional disto- and/or postfemoral outgrowth appearing even more sporadically is process z, more variable, albeit occasionally reduced or even absent. Only a few species show particularly complex gonopods, where not only is the postfemoral region supplied with a long, spiniform process z, but also with a small to elongated, knife- or spine-shaped outgrowth m on the distodorsal portion of the femorite (Golovatch &amp; Enghoff 1993; Likhitrakarn et al. 2010).</p><p>REMARK</p><p>Full reviews of this genus were performed by Golovatch &amp; Enghoff (1993) and Likhitrakarn et al. (2010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D87287BA7225FFCE838E13F9025E2A1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Josiane, Natdanai Likhitrakarn;Sergei, Josiane Lips;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Somsak, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul;Chirasak, Somsak Panha;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Josiane, Natdanai Likhitrakarn, Sergei, Josiane Lips, Golovatch, Sergei I., Somsak, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Chirasak, Somsak Panha, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Three new species of the Oriental millipede genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from China and Laos. Zoosystema 47 (5): 75-88, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a5, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a5.pdf
D87287BA7222FFCD845B13DA05682ADE.text	D87287BA7222FFCD845B13DA05682ADE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tylopus tropicalis Likhitrakarn 2025	<div><p>Tylopus tropicalis Likhitrakarn,  n. sp.</p><p>(Figs 1-3)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 659DCAD1-0B29-4445-8774-4DA522FC15CC</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. China • ♂; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.27145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.917526" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.27145/lat 21.917526)">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</a>; c. 600 m a.s.l.; 21°55’03.1”N, 101°16’17.2”E; 26.XI.2016; C. Sutcharit leg.; CUMZ-PD0028.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species is so named to emphasize the tropical forest habitat of the type locality where the holotype was collected; adjective.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — The new species seems to be particularly similar to both  T. spinisterna Nguyen, 2012 from Vietnam and  T. schawaller i Golovatch, 2013 from China, especially in its gonopodal conformation. Indeed, these species share a stout, high and suberect process h. However, the new species differs from  T. spinisterna by having the solenomere more strongly twisted and longer than process h (Figs 2; 3A, B); the caudal corner of midbody paraterga is pointed and more strongly protruded behind (Fig. 1D), while midbody sterna show no modifications (Fig. 1G). The new species differs from  T. schawalleri in having longer antennae, in the shape of sternal lobes between ♂ coxae 4, coupled with the pleurosternal carinae being complete crests with evident, sharp, caudal denticles produced past the rear tergal margin on rings 2-8 (Fig. 1C), gradually decreasing in size until ring 15 (Fig. 1H) (vs complete crests only on rings 2-7 and gradually decreasing in size until ring 11) and femora 4-12 each with an adenostyle distally on ventral side (Fig. 3D, C) (vs adenostyles absent).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>Length c. 20 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazona 1.6 and 2.4 mm, respectively (♂).</p><p>Coloration of live animals dark castaneous brown (Fig. 1A), with contrasting light brown calluses of paraterga; venter and legs yellowish brown; coloration of alcohol material after five years of preservation faded to dark brown; calluses of paraterga yellowish brown to pallid, venter and legs light brown to light yellowish (Fig. 1 B-J).</p><p>Clypeolabral region and vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae long (Fig 1A), reaching to ring 4 when stretched dorsally. In width, head &lt;ring 3 &lt;ring 4 &lt;collum &lt;ring 2 &lt;5 &lt;6 &lt;7-16 (Fig. 1B), thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of strong setae: 3 +3 anterior, 2+ 2 intermediate, and 3+ 3 posterior; a small lateral incision near midway; caudal corner very broadly rounded, paraterga declined ventrad, not produced past rear tergal margin (Fig. 1B, C).</p><p>Tegument smooth and shining, prozona finely shagreened, metaterga smooth and leathery, posterior halves often rugulose, surface below paraterga microgranulate (Fig. 1 A-F, H). Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of rather long setae: 2 + 2 in anterior and 2+ 2 in posterior row, the latter often abraded, but then readily traceable as insertion points. Tergal setae long, strong, slender, about 1/3 metatergal length. Axial line visible both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga strongly developed (Fig. 1B, D, F), subhorizontal, slightly upturned posteriorly, always lying high, at upper 1/3 midbody height, but remaining below dorsum; anterior edge well-developed, mostly regularly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner narrowly rounded, extending increasingly past rear tergal margin, especially strongly curved mesad on rings 15-19, posterior edge oblique (Fig. 1D, F); paraterga very thin blunt blades in lateral view, a little thicker only on pore-bearing rings (Fig. 1E). Calluses on paraterga delimited by a sulcus only dorsally. Paraterga 2 broad, lateral edge with an evident incision in anterior 1/3 and a small knob in posterior 1/3. Paraterga 3 and 4 with two small incisions at lateral edge (Fig. 1B), one in anterior 1/3, the other at posterior 1/3; anterior incision particularly evident. Lateral edge of following paraterga with two small incisions, one in anterior 1/3, the other at midway, caudal incision being smaller in pore-bearing rings (Fig. 1D). Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/3 metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga (Fig. 1D, E). Transverse sulcus usually distinct (Fig. 1B, D, F), slightly incomplete on rings 4 and 18, complete and clearly visible on metaterga 5-17, deep, reaching the bases of paraterga, arcuate, ribbed at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona rather wide, deep, ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 1C, D). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests on rings 2-8, thereafter broken into an anterior bulge and a caudal tooth, both growing increasingly reduced until ring 15, thereafter missing (Fig. 1C, E, H).</p><p>Epiproct (Fig. 1 F-H) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, subtruncate, with two evident apical papillae directed caudally, both pointed at tip; pre-apical papillae small, but evident, lying close to tip. Hypoproct subtrapeziform (Fig. 1G), small setiferous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident.</p><p>Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications (Fig. 1G); cross-impressions shallow; a single, linguiform, sternal lobe between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig.1I, J). Legs long and slender, midbody ones c. 1.3-1.4 as long as body height (Fig. 3E); femora 5-11 each with a large adenostyle distally on ventral side (Fig. 3D), a smaller adenostyle on each of femora 4 and 12 (Fig. 3C); tarsal brushes present until ring 16 (♂).</p><p>Gonopods simple (Figs 2; 3A, B); coxite (cx) a little curved caudad, sparsely setose distoventrally. Prefemorite (pfe) densely setose, as usual, about 1/3 as long as femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite (fe) rather slender, expanded distad, slightly curved, showing a mesal groove; lobe l simple; process m evident; solenophore (sph) long and slender, typically coiled, tip subtruncate; process h strongly developed, curved and acute, expanded distad, set higher than solenophore.</p><p>KEY TO SPECIES OF  TYLOPUS JEEKEL, 1968 CURRENTLY KNOWN TO OCCUR IN CHINA, CHIEFLY BASED ON ♂ CHARACTERS, MODIFIED AFTER GOLOVATCH (2013)</p><p>1. Paraterga moderately developed, never pointed beak-like caudally, ratio of ♂ midbody prozonite to metazonite width &lt;1:1.2 .............................................................................................................................................. 2</p><p>— Paraterga relatively well-developed (Fig. 1B, D), pointed beak-like caudally, radio of ♂ midbody prozonite to metazonite width&gt; 1:1.2 ............................................................................................................................ 5</p><p>2. Coloration pale yellowish brown. Gonopod relatively simple, process h poorly developed, no additional outgrowths near base. ................................................................................................  T. sinensis Golovatch, 1995</p><p>— Coloration light brown to blackish brown. Gonopods more complex .......................................................... 3</p><p>3. Body smaller: length 17-20 mm. Coloration light brown. ♂ tarsal brushes present until ring 9. Gonopod process h present, hook-shaped and pointed .................................................................  T. uncinatus Golovatch, 2020</p><p>— Body larger: length ca 21-30 mm. Coloration light to blackish brown. ♂ tibial and tarsal brushes present until ring 17. Gonopod process h absent or present and disk-shaped ................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Body smaller: length 21-23 mm. ♂ prefemora clearly swollen laterally. Gonopod process h present, while solenophore with two characteristic distal spines (a and s) ...........................................  T. similis Golovatch, 2014</p><p>— Body larger: length ca 30 mm. ♂ prefemora only very faintly bulged laterally. Gonopod process h absent, while solenophore without spines ..................................................................................  T. kabaki Golovatch, 2014</p><p>5. Gonopod very simple, process h absent ..............................................................  T. reductus Golovatch, 2013</p><p>— Gonopod process h present (Figs 2; 3A, B) .................................................................................................. 6</p><p>6. Body smaller: length 17 mm. Coloration whitish grey with a light brown pattern on pro- and metazona. ♂ legs without adenostyles ........................................................................................  T. schawalleri Golovatch, 2013</p><p>— Body larger: length ca 20-28 mm. Coloration otherwise. ♂ legs with adenostyles (Fig. 3C, D) ................... 7</p><p>7. Antennae longer, reaching until ring 4 when stretched dorsally. Only ♂ femora with tuberculiform adenostyles (Fig. 3C, D) ..................................................................................................  T. tropicalis Likhitrakarn,  n. sp.</p><p>— Antennae shorter, extending only behind ring 2 or 3 when stretched dorsally. ♂ femora, postfemora, tibiae and tarsi with tuberculiform adenotyles ............................................................................................................. 8</p><p>8. Gonopod process h a very sharp tip and shorter than half solenophore height. Pleurosternal carinae present until ring 17 ..................................................................................................  T. deharvengi Liu &amp; Luo, 2013</p><p>— Gonopod process h stout and higher than half solenophore height. Pleurosternal carinae present until ring 11 ...............................................................................................................  T. nigromarginatus Golovatch, 2018</p><p>REMARKS ON  TYLOPUS SPECIES FROM CHINA</p><p>Tylopus sinensis Golovatch, 1995 was the first species of  Tylopus to be documented from China. It was so named to emphasize the country of origin (Golovatch 1995).</p><p>Seven new species of  Tylopus have since been described from China (Golovatch 2013, 2014, 2018, 2020; Liu &amp; Luo 2013). The altitudinal distributions of the  Tylopus species in China vary from lowland to high-montane (350-4025 m a.s.l.). All congeners appear to be confined to the southwestern parts of the country (Golovatch &amp; Liu 2020). As a result, presently the fauna comprises nine species currently documented from China, including the above new one.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D87287BA7222FFCD845B13DA05682ADE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Josiane, Natdanai Likhitrakarn;Sergei, Josiane Lips;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Somsak, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul;Chirasak, Somsak Panha;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Josiane, Natdanai Likhitrakarn, Sergei, Josiane Lips, Golovatch, Sergei I., Somsak, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Chirasak, Somsak Panha, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Three new species of the Oriental millipede genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from China and Laos. Zoosystema 47 (5): 75-88, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a5, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a5.pdf
D87287BA7221FFC080B3139A047C2F9D.text	D87287BA7221FFC080B3139A047C2F9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tylopus namnonensis Likhitrakarn 2025	<div><p>Tylopus namnonensis Likhitrakarn,  n. sp.</p><p>(Figs 4-6)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 53AC6D84-909A-4641-A7CF-0B5ED574A251</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Laos • ♂; Khammouane Province, Konglor, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.69056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.028889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.69056/lat 18.028889)">Tham Nam Non</a>; 175 m a.s.l.; 18°01’44”N, 104°41’26”E; 28.II.2023; J. Lips leg.; CUMZ-27205.</p><p>Paratype. Laos • 1 ♀; same data as the holotype; CUMZ-27205 .</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. — To emphasize Nam Non cave, the type locality, one of the biggest caves in Khammouane Province; adjective.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — This new species closely resembles  T. dorsalis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch &amp; Panha, 2016, particularly in gonopod conformation. However, this new species is distinguished by the metaterga being roughly microgranulate (vs smooth), the distal position of process x on the solenophore (vs median), the pleurosternal carinae in ♂ extending to ring 13 (vs 16), and the tarsal brushes in ♂ present until ring 12 (vs 6).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>Length 22.5 mm (♂), 29.3 mm (♀), width of midbody proand metazona 2.2 and 2.8 mm (♂) or 2.7 and 3.5 mm (♀), respectively.</p><p>Coloration of live animals light brown (Fig. 4B), with contrasting dark brown to blackish collar covering both pro- and metazona, head, collum, rings 2 and 3 dark brown to blackish, antennae and epiproct light brown, antennomere 7 dark brown, paraterga, venter and legs yellowish brown; coloration of alcohol material after one year of preservation dark brown; paraterga, legs, antennae and epiproct light yellow-brown, antennomere 7 dark brown, head and collum brownish, following terga with a light brown triangle and a blackish collar covering both pro- and metazona (Fig. 5 A-F), venter and a few basal podomeres light yellowish to pallid (Fig. 5A, B, E-G).</p><p>Clypeolabral region and vertex rather densely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae relatively short (Fig. 5A, B), reaching to body ring 3 when stretched dorsally (♂, ♀). In width, head &lt;ring 3 &lt;4 &lt;collum &lt;ring 2 &lt;5 &lt;6 &lt;7-16 (♂, ♀), thereafter body gently and gradually tapering towards telson. Collum with three transverse rows of strong setae: 4+4 anterior, 1+ 1 intermediate, and 4+ 4 posterior; a small, lateral, setigerous incision near midway; caudal corner very broadly rounded, paraterga declined ventrad, not produced past rear tergal margin (Fig. 5A, B).</p><p>Tegument dull and shining, prozona finely shagreened, metaterga often roughly microgranulate and rugulose, leathery, surface below paraterga more delicately, but still sufficiently clearly microgranulate and rugulose (Fig. 5 A-F). Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of rather long setae: 2 + 2 in anterior and 3+ 3 in posterior row, the latter often abraded, but then readily traceable as insertion points. Tergal setae long, strong, slender, about 1/4 metatergal length. Axial line well visible on metazona, traceable also on prozona. Paraterga strongly developed (Fig. 5 A-G), especially so in ♂, set rather high (at upper 1/3 body height), slightly upturned, but lying below dorsum; anterior edge broadly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner rather narrowly rounded, extending increasingly past rear tergal margin, especially well curved mesad on rings 16-19, posterior edge oblique (Fig. 5F, G); paraterga very thin blunt blades in lateral view, a little thicker only on pore-bearing rings (Fig. 5D). Calluses on paraterga delimited by a sulcus both dorsally and ventrally. Paraterga 2 broad, horizontal, anterior edge angular, lateral edge with three evident incisions: two in anterior 1/3, one at midway, and the smallest one near a very broadly rounded caudal corner. Paraterga 3 and 4 each with two small incisions at lateral edge (Fig. 5A), one in anterior 1/3, the other at posterior 1/3. Following paraterga each with one evident lateral incision in anterior 1/3 (Fig. 5C). Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/3 metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga (Fig. 5B, D). Transverse sulcus usually distinct (Fig. 5A, C, F), slightly incomplete on ring 19, complete and clearly visible on metaterga 5-18, narrow, deep, reaching the bases of paraterga, ribbed at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona wide, deep, ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 5A, C, F). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests on rings 2-4 (♂, ♀), clearly increasing in size on rings 5-7, thereafter broken into an anterior small bulge and a small and sharp caudal tooth, both growing increasingly reduced until ring 13, thereafter missing (♂) (Fig. 5B, D, E), or increasingly reduced and remaining only a small caudal tooth until ring 8, thereafter missing (♀). Epiproct (Fig. 5 EG) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, subtruncate, with two evident apical papillae directed caudally, both pointed at tip; pre-apical papillae small, but evident, lying close to tip. Hypoproct subtrapeziform (Fig. 5G), small setiferous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident.</p><p>Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications (Fig. 5G); cross-impressions shallow; a large, central, slightly bifid, setose lobe between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 5H, I). Legs long and slender, midbody ones c. 1.2-1.4 (♂) or 0.9-1.1 times (♀) as long as body height; prefemora not swollen, legs on rings 6-8 each with a small adenostyle on postfemur and tibia; legs of rings 9-16 each with a small adenostyle on femur, postfemur, tibia and tarsus (Fig. 6E); telopodites particularly densely setose ventrally (Fig. 6E), tarsal brushes present until ring 12.</p><p>Gonopods rather simple (Fig. 6 A-D). Prefemorite (pfe) densely setose, about 1/3 as long as femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite (fe) slightly curved and stout, with an evident mesal groove and a clear distolateral sulcus demarcating a postfemoral part; lobe l simple (Fig. 6B, C); process h rather short, mediodorsal, flattened, tip rounded and with a small notch (Fig. 6B, C); solenophore (sph) long and slender, typically coiled, expanded distad, flattened and evidently bifid, with process x being elongated, apically rounded and directed forward (Fig. 6A, C, D).</p><p>REMARKS</p><p>The specimens were collected inside a cave (Fig. 4A), around 500 meters away from the entrance. In the wet season, an underground river takes up all of the gallery. Big trees and a lot of wood remains are carried inside. The specimens were collected on wood debris.Despite formally coming from a cave, this new species seems to be nothing more than a trogloxene.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D87287BA7221FFC080B3139A047C2F9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Josiane, Natdanai Likhitrakarn;Sergei, Josiane Lips;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Somsak, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul;Chirasak, Somsak Panha;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Josiane, Natdanai Likhitrakarn, Sergei, Josiane Lips, Golovatch, Sergei I., Somsak, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Chirasak, Somsak Panha, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Three new species of the Oriental millipede genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from China and Laos. Zoosystema 47 (5): 75-88, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a5, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a5.pdf
D87287BA722CFFC78154115F021B2BC2.text	D87287BA722CFFC78154115F021B2BC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tylopus khikheb Likhitrakarn 2025	<div><p>Tylopus khikheb Likhitrakarn,  n. sp.</p><p>(Figs 7-9)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 891AC1DA-5662-430E-A530-82BCC718FE0C</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Laos • ♂; Vientiane Prefecture, Muang Fuang District, Ban Thoua Village, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.13278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.699444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.13278/lat 18.699444)">Pha Thor Nor Kham</a>; c. 250 m a.s.l.; 18°41’58”N, 102°07’58”E; 29.VI.2023; Sutcharit C. and Jeratthitikul E. leg.; CUMZ-PD0030.</p><p>Paratypes. Laos • 1 ♂, 3 ♀; same data as the holotype; CUMZ-PD0030 .</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. — “Khikheb” is a vernacular name commonly used in the northeastern regions of Thailand and in Laos to denote a flatbacked millipede ( Polydesmida); noun in apposition.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from all known congeners in showing almost missing to very poorly developed paraterga. This new species resembles  T. hongkhraiensis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch &amp; Panha, 2016, from northern Thailand,  T. moniliformis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch &amp; Panha, 2016, from southern Laos, and  T. bokorensis Srisonchai &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2023, from southern Cambodia, but it differs from both  T. moniliformis and  T. bokorensis by having a sternal cone between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 7I, J) (vs a lobe between each ♂ coxae 3 and 4); the distal part of the solenophore showing a constriction (Figs 8; 9) (vs being expanded or wide).  Tylopus khikheb Likhitrakarn,  n. sp. differs from  T. hongkhraiensis by the postfemoral part of the gonopod showing neither process h nor z (Figs 8; 9) (vs with evident processes h and z).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>Measurements (n = 5; ♂, n = 2; ♀, n = 3). Length 16.3- 18.7 mm (♂), 18.5-21.3 mm (♀), width of midbody proand metazona 0.8-1.1 and 1.1-1.3 mm (♂) or 0.9-1.2 and 1.1-1.4 mm (♀), respectively.</p><p>Coloration of live animals dark brown (Fig. 7A) with lighter brown metaterga; legs light brown, venter and a few basal podomeres light brown to yellow-brown. Coloration in alcohol after three months of preservation faded to light brown; antennae and epiproct light yellow-brown to pallid, venter and a few basal podomeres light yellowish to pallid (Fig. 7 B-J).</p><p>Clypeolabral region and vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae moderately long (Fig. 7A), extending past ring 3 (♂, ♀) when stretched dorsally. In width,&gt; ring 3 &lt;4 &lt;collum &lt;ring 2 &lt;5 &lt;6-17 &lt;head (♂, ♀); body gently and gradually tapering on rings 18-20. Collum with three transverse rows of setae: 4+ 4 anterior, 2 + 2 intermediate and 3+ 3 posterior; a very faint marginal incision laterally in posterior 1/3; caudal corner very narrowly rounded, not drawn past rear tergal margin (Fig. 7 A-C).</p><p>Tegument smooth and shining, prozona very finely shagreened, metaterga almost smooth, delicately rugulose, leathery (Fig. 7 B-F, H). Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of setae: 2+ 2 anterior, always abraded, and 3+ 3 posterior, pattern traceable at least as insertion points. Tergal setae simple, slender, rather short, about 1/6 metatergal length. Axial line barely traceable on pro- and metazona (♂, ♀). Paraterga 2 well-developed (Fig. 7B, C), horizontal, anterior edges protruded anteriorly, fore corner bent ventrad, pointed; lateral edge with two minute incisions at about 1/3 paratergal length in front of posterior edge of parataterga; caudal corner very narrowly rounded (Fig. 7B). Paraterga 3 and 4 rounded and smooth, expanded laterally. Following paraterga virtually missing, on pore-bearing rings traceable only as small, rounded, laterally expanded bulges (♂) or small, rounded, laterally expanded bulges on all rings, larger on ♀ pore-bearing rings than in ♂.</p><p>Ozopores (Op) evident (Fig. 7C, E, H), lateral, each lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/3 metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga.Transverse sulcus usually distinct (Fig. 7C, D, F), incomplete on ring 18, complete on rings 5-17 (♂, ♀), very narrow, not reaching the bases of paraterga, at most faintly beaded at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona wide, rather deep, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 7 B-F, H). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests with a sharp caudal tooth on rings 2 and 3, reduced and remaining a sharp caudal tooth on ring 4, thereafter missing (♂, ♀) (Fig. 7C, E, H).</p><p>Epiproct (Fig. 7 F-H) rather short, flattened dorsoventrally, tip subtruncate, subapical lateral papillae small, but visible, lying close to tip. Hypoproct roundly subtrapeziform, small setigerous knobs at caudal edge well-separated (Fig. 7G).</p><p>Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications (Fig. 7G); an entire, high, inverted funnel-shaped, sternal lobe between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 7I, J). A paramedian pair of evident tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs very long and slender, slightly thicker in ♂, midbody ones c. 1.3-1.5 (♂) or 1.2-1.4 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes absent.</p><p>Gonopods very simple (Figs 8; 9); coxite (cx) slightly curved caudad and sparsely setose distoventrally. Prefemorite (pfe) densely setose, as usual, about 1/3 as long as femorite + “postfemoral” part. Fermorite (fe) straight and rather stout, slightly expanded distad, showing a distinct mesal groove, without outgrowths except for a low, sometimes poorly delimited lobe l; solenophore (sph) clearly coiled, flattened, suberect distally, devoid of processes.</p><p>REMARKS ON  TYLOPUS SPECIES FROM LAOS</p><p>Tylopus nodulipes (Attems, 1953), the type species of  Tylopus was originally reported from two localities: Luang Prabang Province, Laos and Mount Fan-Si-Pan, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam (Attems 1953). The male from Luang Prabang, Laos, was subsequently selected as the lectotype of this species (Likhitrakarn et al. 2014). Further records concerned Vietnam (Nguyen 2012), but none Laos.</p><p>Later, 11 further species of this genus were described from Laos (Likhitrakarn et al. 2016; Golovatch 2018). Finally, a new species,  T. panhai, has recently been added (Srisonchai et al. 2023).</p><p>Consequently, a total of 15 species of  Tylopus have been documented from Laos, including two new ones described above.</p><p>KEY TO SPECIES OF  TYLOPUS JEEKEL, 1968 KNOWN TO OCCUR IN LAOS (BASED ON MALE CHARACTERS)</p><p>1. Body moniliform (Fig. 7 A-H). Paraterga present only on rings 2-4, thereafter missing ................................ 2</p><p>— Body not moniliform. Paraterga well-developed on most rings (Fig. 5 A-G) ................................................. 4</p><p>2. Both ♂ coxae 3 and 4 with sternal lobes .................  T. monoliformis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch &amp; Panha, 2016</p><p>— A sternal lobe only between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 7I, J) ....................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Body larger: length 16-21 mm. Colour pattern (Fig. 7A) on lighter metaterga. Gonopod process h absent (Figs 8; 9) ........................................................................................................  T. khikheb Likhitrakarn,  n. sp.</p><p>— Body smaller: length ca 11 mm. Colour pattern with contrasting lighter paraterga, strictures between pro- and metazona, and insertion spots on metaterga. Gonopod process h present, as high as solenophore ................... .......................................................................................................................  T. longisetosus Golovatch, 2018</p><p>4. Collum and following metaterga densely and irregularly hairy. Sternal cones between ♂ coxae 4 isolated ....... ............................................................................................................................  T. hirsutus Golovatch, 2018</p><p>— Collum and following metaterga not do hairy. Sternal cones between ♂ coxae 4 fused basally into a single lamina ......................................................................................................................................................... 5</p><p>5. Metaterga roughly and conspicuously microgranulate ................................................................................. 6</p><p>— Metaterga not microgranulate, dull or smooth ............................................................................................ 9</p><p>6. Adenostyles present (Fig. 6E). Gonopod process x present (Fig. 6A, C, D) .................................................. 7</p><p>— Adenostyles absent. Gonopod process x absent ............................................................................................ 8</p><p>7. Coloration blackish, without a cingulate pattern. Tarsal brushes present until ♂ ring 8. Gonopod process z present, process h high, strongly twisted, tip clearly bifid ................................................................................ .................................................................................  T. thunghaihin Likhitrakarn, Golovatch &amp; Panha, 2016</p><p>— Coloration brownish, with a dark cingulate pattern. Tarsal brushes present until ♂ ring 12. Gonopod process z absent, process h short, flattened, tip rounded (Fig. 6 A-D) ....................  T. namnonensis Likhitrakarn,  n. sp.</p><p>8. Midbody metaterga with two transverse rows of setae, 2+2 and 2+ 2 in each row, each seta borne on an evident tubercle or knob. Gonopod rather simple: only process h present ............  T. subtuberculatus Golovatch, 2018</p><p>— Midbody metaterga with two transverse rows of setae, 2+2 and 2+2 or 3+ 3 in each row, mostly traceable due to insertion points. Gonopod rather complex: processes h, z and r present ............  T. jaegeri Golovatch, 2018</p><p>9. Gonopod process m present ...................................................................................................................... 10</p><p>— Gonopod process m absent ....................................................................................................................... 12</p><p>10. Colour pattern with contrasting lighter posterior halves of collum and following metaterga and paraterga. Gonopod process m conspicuous, long; process z short without additional tooth, lower than half process h ............... 11</p><p>— Colour pattern with contrasting lighter paraterga and axial line on each metatergum. Gonopod process m small and short; process z long with a small, ventral, parabasal tooth, higher than process h .................................... ..............................................................................................................................  T. beroni Golovatch, 2018</p><p>11. Gonopod telopodite more slender (slightly longer); process z an inconspicuous, very small lobe. Champasak Province, southwestern Laos ........................................................  T. panhai Srisonchai &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2023</p><p>— Gonopod telopodite stout and thick, expanded distad; process z a conspicuous, rather long and spiniform lobe. Luang Prabang Province, northern Laos ..............................................................  T. nodulipes (Attems, 1953)</p><p>12. Gonopod process z present ........................................................................................................................ 13</p><p>— Gonopod process z inconspicuous or absent .....................  T. retusus Likhitrakarn, Golovatch &amp; Panha, 2016</p><p>13. Tarsal brushes present on legs of rings 2-6. Gonopod process x evident .......................................................... ........................................................................................  T. dorsalis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch &amp; Panha, 2016</p><p>— Tarsal brushes absent or present until ring 18. Gonopod: process x absent ................................................ 14</p><p>14. Tarsal brushes present until ring 18. Gonopod process z evident, rather long and spiniform, longer than half process h .........................................................................................................  T. altmannae Golovatch, 2018</p><p>— Tarsal brushes absent. Gonopod process z very small or absent, shorter than one-third process h ................... ..................................................................................  T. acuminatus Likhitrakarn, Golovatch &amp; Panha, 2016</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D87287BA722CFFC78154115F021B2BC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Josiane, Natdanai Likhitrakarn;Sergei, Josiane Lips;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Somsak, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul;Chirasak, Somsak Panha;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Josiane, Natdanai Likhitrakarn, Sergei, Josiane Lips, Golovatch, Sergei I., Somsak, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Chirasak, Somsak Panha, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Three new species of the Oriental millipede genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from China and Laos. Zoosystema 47 (5): 75-88, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2025v47a5, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2025v47a5.pdf
