taxonID	type	description	language	source
EDA6550F12D65ECF9E064C07823B8EB5.taxon	description	Figs 8, 9	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
E757FAD8A54A5A04BDDBE8108042BCFC.taxon	description	Figs 2, 10 – 12	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
E757FAD8A54A5A04BDDBE8108042BCFC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to the locally adjacent species N. dichotoma, but distinguished by the shape of the endophallus, particularly the left lateroapical lobe composed of two sub-lobes and the dorsoapical lobe with apex not bifurcated (bifurcated in N. dichotoma).	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
E757FAD8A54A5A04BDDBE8108042BCFC.taxon	description	Description. Body length: ♂, 9.95 – 10.73 mm, 10.26 ± 0.34 mm (n = 4); ♀, 10.89 – 11.13 mm, 11.01 ± 0.17 mm (n = 2). Sternum 7 with two setae on each ventrolateral side in both male and female. Other external structures, coloration, and chaetotaxy as in other related species that had been previously regarded as N. reflexa (Sasakawa 2020). Dorsobasal lobe absent. Dorsomedian lobe undeveloped, with a minute, slender protrusion or a weak, wide swelling. Dorsoapical lobe with a simple-shaped (i. e., not bifurcated) protrusion at the basal part, the size of which varies among localities, ranging from smaller than that of the dorsobasal lobe to almost the same size as the laterobasal lobes; the dorsomedian area with a large protrusion, the apex of which is simply rounded or bifid, varying among localities; the apical portion bent ventrally, with the dorsal bend discontinuous in lateral view, more or less swollen. Laterobasal lobes large; the left lobe more rectangular in shape than the right in ventral view; at the distal end of both right and left lobes, the endophallus-base side corner more protruding than the opposite side; ventrobasal surface largely swollen on both right and left lobes, distinctly visible in lateral view. Ventrobasal swelling absent. Right lateroapical lobe markedly wide in dorsal view, with the endophallus-base and - apex side corners protruding, resulting in a T-shape in dorsal view; the endophallus-base side corner more slender and protruding than the opposite side. Left lateroapical lobe composed of two sub-lobes, one on the left dorsolateral side and the other on the left lateral side of the endophallus; the sub-lobe on the dorsolateral side T-shaped, with the endophallus-apex side corner more robust and protruding than the opposite side; the sub-lobe on the lateral side large, with a simply rounded or slightly bifid apex, varying among localities. Gonopore protrusion bent at the base, directed toward the endophallus base; the observable part simply curved cylindrical, with no additional structures such as protrusions. Relative sizes of some lobes and protrusions are as follows: dorsomedian lobe <endophallus-apex side corner of left dorsolateral sub-lobe of left lateroapical lobe ≈ endophallus-base side corner of right lateroapical lobe <swelling of ventrobasal surface of laterobasal lobes <left lateral sub-lobe of left lateroapical lobe ≤ laterobasal lobe (including swelling of ventrobasal surface) ≤ protrusion on dorsomedian area of dorsoapical lobe.	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
E757FAD8A54A5A04BDDBE8108042BCFC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a combination of the Latin draco (dragon) and the Latin cephalus, - a, - um (head), derived from the type locality Ryûtô-san, which means “ dragon’s head mountain ” in Japanese.	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
6A53FAF5680D5956AB0186EB6E00DCDF.taxon	description	Figs 3, 13	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
6A53FAF5680D5956AB0186EB6E00DCDF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to the locally adjacent species N. chugokuensis Sasakawa, 2020 and N. uenoi Nakane, 1963, but distinguished from N. chugokuensis by a smaller body size (in N. chugokuensis, 9.97 – 10.32 mm for males and 10.69 – 11.75 mm for females; Sasakawa 2020) and the absence of a concavity on the ventral surface of the aedeagal apex (present in N. chugokuensis), and from N. uenoi by the shape of the endophallus, in particular, the developed gonopore protrusion (undeveloped in N. uenoi) and the absence of lateroapical lobes on both sides (present in N. uenoi).	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
6A53FAF5680D5956AB0186EB6E00DCDF.taxon	description	Description. Body length: ♂, 9.70 – 9.81 mm, 9.75 ± 0.08 mm (n = 2); ♀, 10.54 mm (n = 1). Sternum 7 with two setae on each ventrolateral side in the male, and three in the female. Other external structures, coloration, and chaetotaxy as in other related species that had been previously regarded as N. reflexa (Sasakawa 2020). Dorsobasal lobe large, semi-spherical. Dorsomedian lobe absent. Dorsoapical lobe scalene trapezium-shaped in dorsal view, with the left and right sides concave; the left side more concave than the right; the left apical corner more protruding than the right. Laterobasal lobes with the ventrobasal surface largely swollen in a semi-spherical shape; the other part less swollen but wide, reaching the base of the dorsobasal lobe. Ventrobasal swelling large, semi-ellipsoid. Lateroapical lobes absent on both right and left sides. Gonopore protrusion markedly large and long, with total length along the median line from the base of the protrusion to the gonopore (apical end of the protrusion) longer than that from the base of the endophallus (ostium of the aedeagus) to the base of the protrusion; basal half thick, oriented in the same direction as the median line of the endophallus; apical half slender, strongly bent right laterally. Relative sizes of some lobes and protrusions are as follows: ventrobasal swelling ≤ swelling of ventrobasal surface of laterobasal lobes ≈ dorsobasal lobe <dorsoapical lobe <basal half of gonopore protrusion.	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
6A53FAF5680D5956AB0186EB6E00DCDF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin elephantus, - a, - um (elephant) and refers to the elongated gonopore protrusion of this species, which resembles the trunk of an elephant.	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
6CC9393434BE5F9292A3F95F93A6B42B.taxon	description	Fig. 7	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
E658C3694B155A098FF80810DB7AEE98.taxon	description	Figs 4, 5, 14, 15	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
E658C3694B155A098FF80810DB7AEE98.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to the locally adjacent species N. chugokuensis, but distinguished by one pair of setae on the ventral side of the sterna 7 in the male (two pairs in N. chugokuensis) and the absence of a concavity on the ventral surface of the aedeagal apex (present in N. chugokuensis).	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
31208C36A96A544DABF69C0C461E7FC3.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Sasakawa, Kôji (2025): Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus Falcinebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nebria) from the Japanese Alps (central Honshu), Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan. ZooKeys 1254: 131-148, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1254.157095
