taxonID	type	description	language	source
E21B7336FFA5FFA5E6669083FAD7F94B.taxon	description	2.1.1.1. Male. Body length: 6.2 – 6.3 mm, forewings length: 6.6 – 6.8 mm, and hindwings length: 4.1 – 4.3 mm. Head dark brown; wider than pronotum; ocelli pale brown; antennae and palpi light brown; pronotum brown, quadrate, with all angles rounded; legs dark brown; and wings hyaline with veins light brown (Figure 1). Tergum 9 weakly sclerotized, with a wide, incised anterior margin that is more poorly sclerotized medially with a distinct transverse ridge medially in lateral view. Sternum 9 basally long, 1 X longer than width, with subcircular vesicle bearing dense hairs. Tergum 10 bearing a big central plate that is evenly sclerotized. Transverse plates roughly oval with apical setae. Lateral projections of tergum 10 originating as a rounded base and extending upwards and backwards in a short plate, ending in a forked process, with the lower point slightly larger. Epiproct short, not tapering appreciably along its course, ending in a shallow wavy process. Subanal lobes medium sized, narrow at base, expanding distally, and then narrowing to the end. Cercus hairy and upcurved, without spines (Figures 2 and 3). 2.1.1.2. Female. Subgenital plate, heavily sclerified, produced into a tongue-like extension with a rounded tip. Sternum 8 with a pair of subtriangular plates is separated by a large membranous area (Figure 4).	en	Yang, Xiao, Du, Yu-Zhou (2025): A New Species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) From Hubei Province, China, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (9910259) 2025 (1): 1-9, DOI: 10.1155/psyc/9910259, URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/psyc/9910259
E21B7336FFA5FFA5E6669083FAD7F94B.taxon	materials_examined	2.1.1.3. Type of Materials. Holotype: male, China: Hubei Province, Shennongjia Forestry District, Muyu Town, 787 m, 31.396181 N, 110.479157 E, 2024 - IV- 20, leg. Yang Xiao and Zhu Ya-Fei. Paratypes: 2 males and 3 females, same data as holotype. The specimens are deposited in ICYZU.	en	Yang, Xiao, Du, Yu-Zhou (2025): A New Species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) From Hubei Province, China, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (9910259) 2025 (1): 1-9, DOI: 10.1155/psyc/9910259, URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/psyc/9910259
E21B7336FFA5FFA5E6669083FAD7F94B.taxon	etymology	2.1.1.4. Etymology. This new species is named after its type locality.	en	Yang, Xiao, Du, Yu-Zhou (2025): A New Species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) From Hubei Province, China, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (9910259) 2025 (1): 1-9, DOI: 10.1155/psyc/9910259, URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/psyc/9910259
E21B7336FFA5FFA5E6669083FAD7F94B.taxon	diagnosis	2.1.1.5. Diagnosis and Remarks. Rhopalopsole shennongjia sp. nov. is a member of the Rhopalopsole dentata Sivec and Harper, 2008, west group as proposed by Sivec, Harper, and Shimizu [14], with tergum 10 of the adult male possessing a central plate with lateral bars strongly sclerotized, lateral projections typically ending in a forked process, epiproct simple and thick, and subanal lobes typical of this group. The new species is very similar to R. basinigra Yang & Yang, 1995. The males of R. shennongjia sp. nov. and R. basinigra share the similar shape of subanal lobes and the shape of the lateral projections of tergum 10. In R. shennongjia, the epiproct is short, not tapering along its course; and the tergum 9 is weakly sclerotized, with a wide, incised anterior margin that is more poorly sclerotized medially. However, in R. basinigra, the tergum 9 has a distinct sclerotized area in the center; the end of epiproct is hook like.	en	Yang, Xiao, Du, Yu-Zhou (2025): A New Species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) From Hubei Province, China, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (9910259) 2025 (1): 1-9, DOI: 10.1155/psyc/9910259, URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/psyc/9910259
E21B7336FFA0FFA0E5D693AFFECCF900.taxon	description	2.1.2.1. Description. This species was well described by Yang & Yang [44] (Figure 5) and was redescribed by Sivec, Harper, and Shimizu [14]. We provide color pictures of head and pronotum of the male adult and male terminalia for recognition of this species (Figures 6 and 7).	en	Yang, Xiao, Du, Yu-Zhou (2025): A New Species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) From Hubei Province, China, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (9910259) 2025 (1): 1-9, DOI: 10.1155/psyc/9910259, URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/psyc/9910259
E21B7336FFA0FFA0E5D693AFFECCF900.taxon	materials_examined	2.1.2.2. Material Examined. Three males, China, Hubei Province, Shennongjia Forestry District, 2024 – IV – 22, leg. Yang Xiao & Zhu Ya-Fei (ICYZU).	en	Yang, Xiao, Du, Yu-Zhou (2025): A New Species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) From Hubei Province, China, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (9910259) 2025 (1): 1-9, DOI: 10.1155/psyc/9910259, URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/psyc/9910259
E21B7336FFA0FFA0E5D693AFFECCF900.taxon	distribution	2.1.2.3. Distribution. China, Hubei; Shaanxi. This species has previously only been reported in Shaanxi, China. This is the first record for this species in Hubei Province, China.	en	Yang, Xiao, Du, Yu-Zhou (2025): A New Species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) From Hubei Province, China, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (9910259) 2025 (1): 1-9, DOI: 10.1155/psyc/9910259, URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/psyc/9910259
E21B7336FFA0FFA0E5D693AFFECCF900.taxon	description	2.2. Molecular Data. The genetic distance analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that the male and female specimens of the new species differed by only 0.0046 (0.46 %), confirming their conspecificity (Table 2) (Figure 8). Rhopalopsole hamata is the species whose genetic distance was closest to the new species, with interspecific distance being 0.0942 (9.42 %). In addition, the genetic distance of all other species was more than 10 % and is different from the new species.	en	Yang, Xiao, Du, Yu-Zhou (2025): A New Species of Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) From Hubei Province, China, Based on Morphological and Molecular Data. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (9910259) 2025 (1): 1-9, DOI: 10.1155/psyc/9910259, URL: https://doi.org/10.1155/psyc/9910259
