taxonID	type	description	language	source
82467F47698D5969B99AB7D85939975B.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Tables 1, 2	en	Sant’Anna-Santos, Bruno Francisco, Lopes Pereira Nunes, Elaine, Micheli, Rafael, Maria Teodoro Francino, Dayana (2025): Hidden in the mountain: a new rare Syagrus (Arecaceae) with morphological novelties. Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 63-81, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140657
82467F47698D5969B99AB7D85939975B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Syagrus harenae is similar to S. glaucescens Glaz. ex Beccari, from which it differs by lax pinnae on the leaf rachis (vs congested pinnae), apical pinnae size (8 – 12 × 0.2 – 0.4 vs 1.5 – 6 × 0.2 – 1.0), pinnae with symmetrical tip (vs asymmetrical); base of the stem not-angular (vs angular), brownish indumentum where pinnae are inserted on the lower leaf rachis (vs glabrous); prostrated stem (vs erect); sheathing leaf base length (10 – 28 cm vs 42 – 52 cm), lax sheathing leaf base (vs congested); inflorescence strongly pendulous (vs erect ou slightly pendulous); peduncle with scattered thin indumentum (vs glabrous); petal tips imbricate (vs valvate); pistil with whitish indumentum on lower 1 / 3 (vs glabrous), inconspicuous staminodial ring (vs conspicuous staminodal ring); fruit yellowish-orange when mature (vs brownish).	en	Sant’Anna-Santos, Bruno Francisco, Lopes Pereira Nunes, Elaine, Micheli, Rafael, Maria Teodoro Francino, Dayana (2025): Hidden in the mountain: a new rare Syagrus (Arecaceae) with morphological novelties. Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 63-81, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140657
82467F47698D5969B99AB7D85939975B.taxon	description	Description. Small to moderate-sized palm, solitary, 110 – 160 (– 250) cm tall. Stem 40 – 110 (– 140) × 15 – 25 cm, prostrate, with persistent leaf bases arranged in rows with indistinct internodes near the crown, non-angular stem base. Leaves pinnate number 8 – 15; sheathing leaf base ca 10 – 28 cm long; pseudopetiole 15 – 37 cm long; petiole 9 – 27 × 0.5 – 1.6 cm and 0.2 – 0.7 cm thick, rachis 95 – 167 cm long; abaxial side of petiole and rachis with brownish tomentum; pinnae medium to dark-green, discolourous, abaxial surface glaucous, linear, rigid-coriaceous with apex more or less symmetrical and long tapering, pinnae numbering 63 – 79 pairs, in clusters of 2 – 5, lax on leaf rachis, inserted in divergent planes over the rachis; pinnae with inconspicuous ramenta scales along the abaxial midrib (near the rachis) on young leaves; basal pinnae 27 – 36 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm, middle pinnae 17.5 – 30.5 × 1.7 – 2.3 cm, apical pinnae 8 – 12 × 0.2 – 0.4 cm. Inflorescences pendulous, spirally branched, prophyll 11 – 16 (– 26) × 1.3 – 2.5 cm; peduncular bract 56 – 72 cm long, inflated portion 25 – 31 × 5.2 – 7.5 cm, including a 1.0 – 1.4 cm beak, 6.4 – 8.5 cm perimeter, 2 – 3 mm thick, woody, sulcate, exterior glabrous; peduncle 30 – 41.5 cm long, 8 – 10 × 4 – 7 mm wide, with brownish scarce indumentum; inflorescence axis 19.5 – 24 cm long; rachis 1.5 – 13.3 cm long; rachillae 3 – 15, glabrous, yellow, 8.5 – 20 cm long at the apex, 12 – 17 cm long at the base; flowers arranged in triads, tetrads (with two central pistillate flowers, each flanked by a staminate flower) or pentads (with three central pistillate flowers flanked by two staminate flowers), staminate flowers with three sepals and three petals, and pistillate flowers with three sepals and three petals, two sepals and four petals, three sepals and four petals. Staminate flowers 9 – 10 × 4 – 5 mm at the apex, 11.5 – 14 × 4 – 6 mm at the base, those at the apex sessile, sometimes pedicellate, pedicels 1 – 4 mm long, yellowish-orange, sepals 1.5 – 3.5 × 1.5 – 2.5 mm, glabrous, triangular, no visible nerves, keeled, connate at the base, petals 8 – 10 × 2.5 – 4.0 mm at the apex, 9 – 19 × 3.5 – 4.5 mm at the base, with acute tips, slightly nerved; ovate-triangular, valvate, stamens 5 – 7 mm long; anthers 4 – 7 mm long, basally sagittate; filaments 2 – 3 mm long, free at the base, dorsifixed at the base (basifixed); pistillode trifid, ca 0.8 – 1.0 mm. Pistillate flowers elongate-pyramidal, 13 – 17 × 6 – 7 mm, orangish-yellow when immature and green when mature, glabrous; sepals 13 – 16 × 5 – 7 mm, orangish-yellow when immature and green when mature, without visible venation, triangular, imbricate; petals 10 – 13.5 × 3 – 5 mm, orangish-yellow when immature and green when mature, imbricate, triangular; pistil 6 – 8 × 3 – 4 mm, with whitish indumentum from the base of the pistil to nearly the base of the stigmas, stigmas 3 – 3 mm long, glabrous; inconspicuous staminodial ring rarely present, less than 0.5 mm in height, staminodes arranged in pairs or isolated (sometimes with anthers), six in number, ca 1.0 – 1.8 mm in height. Fruits ellipsoid, 2.1 – 3.0 × 1.6 – 2.0 cm, orange when mature, scaly lepidote tomentum, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp less than 0.5 mm thick, succulent, and fibrous; endocarp 1.8 – 2.0 × 1.2 – 1.9 cm, 2 – 3 mm thick on the sides, 4 – 5 mm thick on the tips, trivittate interior. Seeds more or less ellipsoid, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote tubular.	en	Sant’Anna-Santos, Bruno Francisco, Lopes Pereira Nunes, Elaine, Micheli, Rafael, Maria Teodoro Francino, Dayana (2025): Hidden in the mountain: a new rare Syagrus (Arecaceae) with morphological novelties. Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 63-81, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140657
82467F47698D5969B99AB7D85939975B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The type population of Syagrus harenae was found in the village of Penha de França, in the Serra do Ambrósio mountain (Fig. 1 A – E).	en	Sant’Anna-Santos, Bruno Francisco, Lopes Pereira Nunes, Elaine, Micheli, Rafael, Maria Teodoro Francino, Dayana (2025): Hidden in the mountain: a new rare Syagrus (Arecaceae) with morphological novelties. Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 63-81, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140657
82467F47698D5969B99AB7D85939975B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet, harenae, means sand and refers to the unique sandy soil where the new species grows in the Serra do Ambrósio mountain.	en	Sant’Anna-Santos, Bruno Francisco, Lopes Pereira Nunes, Elaine, Micheli, Rafael, Maria Teodoro Francino, Dayana (2025): Hidden in the mountain: a new rare Syagrus (Arecaceae) with morphological novelties. Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 63-81, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140657
