identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
88F3FD8C84375B1A876BB9D3797EDBA3.text	88F3FD8C84375B1A876BB9D3797EDBA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pycnolejeunea contigua (Nees) Grolle	<div><p>1. Pycnolejeunea contigua (Nees) Grolle, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 45: 179. 1979.</p><p>Figs 1, 2</p><p>≡ Jungermannia contigua Nees in Martius, Fl. Brasil. enum. plant. 1 (2): 360. 1833. Type: Brazil. Pará: ad corticem arborum, C. F. Martius s. n. (isotype: G [G 00128260]).</p><p>= Pycnolejeunea bancana Steph., Hedwigia 35: 124. 1896. Type: Indonesia. Insula Banca, 1883, J. E. Teysmann s. n. (lectotype: G [G 00281813], designated by He (1999)).</p><p>= Pycnolejeunea papulosa Steph., Hedwigia 35: 125. 1896. Type: Brazil. Pará: Caripi, R. Spruce s. n. (lectotype: G [G 00128263], designated by Grolle (1979); isolectotypes: G [G 00128261, G 00128262], JE, M, W).</p><p>= Pycnolejeunea densiuscula Spruce ex Steph., Sp. Hepat. 5: 613. 1914. Type: Brazil. Pará: Silva Amazonica, Santarém, Dec 1849, R. Spruce s. n. (lectotype: G [G 00128259] designated by Grolle (1979); isotype: G [G 00128258], JE, M).</p><p>= Pycnolejeunea ocellata Steph., Sp. Hepat. 5: 614. 1914. Type: Cuba. C. Wright s. n. (lectotype: G [G 00128226], designated by He (1999); isolectotype: JE [JE 04002710]).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Plants whitish-green or light green when fresh, yellowish-brown or light brown in dry condition; shoots 0.9–1.5 mm wide, usually scarcely and irregularly branched; branches Lejeunea - type. Stems 100–130 µm diameter, in transverse section with 9 (– 10) epidermal cells, surrounding 14–18 medullary cells, epidermal cells larger than medullary cells; cell walls pale brown or yellowish-brown, thick-walled, with triangular to bulging trigones, wall between trigones with thin to rather thick continuous thickenings; ventral merophyte 2 cells wide. Rhizoids at base of underleaves, few, tufted, usually hyaline, rhizoid disc not seen. Leaves closely imbricate, when moist, wide-spreading. Leaf lobes ovate to oblong-ovate, rarely falcate-ovate, 725–827 µm long, 544–617 µm wide, dorsal margin arched, ventral margin arched, margin entire to slightly crenulate with projecting cells, apex rounded, incurved. Lobe cells convex or weakly mammillose on dorsal side, thin-walled, with small to large triangular trigones, intermediate thickenings absent or occasionally seen in the basal cells; marginal cells rectangular or quadrate, 16.5–20.8 × 15.0–23.7 µm; median cells hexagonal to rounded, 22.5–37.0 × 21.5–38.5 µm, basal cells hexagonal to rectangular, 22.0–45.8 × 20.0–30.0 µm; ocelli rectangular to long hexagonal, 47–65 × 25–40 µm, (0 –) 1–5 per leaf lobe, basal, aggregated or isolated; oil bodies 3–5 per cell, long ellipsoidal to ovoid-cylindrical, 10.4–19.8 × 3.7–5.1 µm, Calypogeia - type, coarsely granular. Lobules small, ovate, 152–182 µm long, 120–135 µm wide, inflated, 0.2–0.3 of lobe length, free margin slightly involute, formed by 5–7 elongated cells, apex semicircular, apical tooth short, 1 - celled, obtuse, keel arched or nearly straight, lobule cells smooth or slightly convex. Underleaves imbricate, rarely contiguous, suborbicular to reniform, 287–330 µm long, 416–458 µm wide, wider than long, 3–5 of stem width, bifid to 1 / 2 of its length, lobes triangular with acute to obtuse apex, margin nearly entire or bluntly toothed at side, sinus V-shaped, bases rounded to cuneate, insertion line arched. Asexual reproduction by unmodified caducous leaves, lobules remain attached to the stem; or modified caducous leaves arising from upright flagelliform shoots on branch apices, smaller than ordinary leaves, margins usually with 1 - celled rhizoids. Sexuality autoicous. Androecia, gynoecia and sporophytes not seen.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and ecology.</p><p>Pantropical (He 1999; Bastos et al. 2020). In Thailand, Pycnolejeunea contigua was found on tree trunks and branches in forest gaps, along forest margins or open habitats in coastal sand dune and tropical lowland forests, ranging from sea level to 480 m above sea level.</p><p>Taxonomic notes.</p><p>Pycnolejeunea contigua is a widely distributed species distinguished by its pale to glossy brownish plants, 1–5 basal ocelli per leaf lobe (aggregated or isolated) and large broadly ovate to reniform underleaves that almost completely cover the lobules. Asexual reproduction occurs via unmodified caducous leaves with lobules remaining attached to the stem and usually by modified caducous leaves arising from flagelliform shoots.</p><p>In Thailand, P. contigua is most similar to P. grandiocellata, sharing several vegetative features such as ovate to oblong leaf lobes, 2 - celled wide ventral merophytes and smooth to slightly convex lobule cells. However, P. contigua differs in having 1–5 ocelli which are basal in position, whereas P. grandiocellata exhibits more ocelli (4–15) suprabasal ocelli commonly aggregated from the base to the ventral half of the lobe. Additionally, the presence of modified caducous leaves (flagelliform shoots) in P. contigua further distinguishes it from P. grandiocellata, which produces only unmodified caducous leaves.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Thailand. Phang Nga: Hat Thai Mueang - <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.22812&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.485871" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.22812/lat 8.485871)">Khao Lampi National Park</a>, 8°29.1523'N, 98°13.6872'E, 18 m elev., 10 Oct 2015, O. Suwanmala 111, 119 A (PSU) ; 8°29.011'N, 98°13.7605'E, 13 m elev., 30 Jan 2016, O. Suwanmala 186 (PSU); Krabi: Hat Noppharat Thara - Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.7745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.087945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.7745/lat 8.087945)">Khao Ngon Nak Mountain</a>, 8°5.2767'N, 98°46.47'E, 480 m elev., 24 Mar 2018, A. Senayai 75 a, 126 b (BKF, PSU) ; 12 Oct 2018, A. Senayai 212 (BKF, PSU); 8°5.2767'N, 98°46.47'E, 480 m elev., 15 Feb 2025; C. Promma &amp; K. Chanakarn 20250215-19, 20250215-28 B (PSU); Yala: Betong, Ban Piyamit 2, 14 Jun 2013, S. Chantanaorrapint &amp; C. Promma 2515 (PSU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/88F3FD8C84375B1A876BB9D3797EDBA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Promma, Chatchaba;Chantanaorrapint, Sahut	Promma, Chatchaba, Chantanaorrapint, Sahut (2025): The genus Pycnolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Thailand, with the description of Pycnolejeunea zhuiana. PhytoKeys 259: 145-160, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.259.156710
5BFF33BB3C9E53E0A0F361966E331D60.text	5BFF33BB3C9E53E0A0F361966E331D60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pycnolejeunea grandiocellata Steph.	<div><p>2. Pycnolejeunea grandiocellata Steph. in Schmidt, Fl. Koh Chang, Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 279. 1902.</p><p>Figs 3, 4</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Thailand. Trat: Klong Munse, 1899–1900, E. J. Schmidt 6 (holotype: G [G 00128271]).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Plants whitish-green or light green when fresh, yellowish-brown or light brown in dry condition; shoots 0.80–1.23 mm wide, usually scarcely and irregularly branched; branches Lejeunea - type. Stems 76–99 µm diameter, in transverse section with 8–11 epidermal cells, surrounding 9–14 medullary cells, epidermal cells larger than medullary cells; cell walls pale brown or yellowish-brown, thick-walled, with triangular to bulging trigones, wall between trigones with thin to rather thick continuous thickenings; ventral merophyte 2 cells wide. Rhizoids at base of underleaves, few, tufted, usually hyaline, rhizoid disc not seen. Leaves imbricate, wide-spreading when moist. Leaf lobes ovate, oblong-ovate to oblong, 468–680 µm long, 376–487 µm wide, dorsal margin broadly arched, ventral margin slightly to strongly arched, margin entire, apex rounded, incurved. Lobe cells convex or weakly mammillose on dorsal side, thin-walled, with small to large triangular trigones, intermediate thickenings absent or occasionally seen in the marginal and basal cells; marginal cells rectangular or quadrate, 18.0–22.8 × 11.3–23.0 µm, median cells hexagonal to rounded, 18.0–38.3 × 19–24.8 µm, basal cells hexagonal to rectangular, 25.0–41.5 × 20.0–26.0 µm; ocelli rectangular to long hexagonal, 39.5–63.5 × 21.0–36.5 µm, 4–15 per leaf lobe, suprabasal, commonly aggregated, confined from base to the ventral half of leaf lobe; oil bodies not seen. Lobules small, oblong, 132–178 µm long, 90–109 µm wide, inflated, 0.16–0.30 of lobe length, free margin slightly involute, formed by 5–7 (– 9) elongated cells, apex semicircular or rarely truncate, apical tooth short, 1 - celled, obtuse, keel arched or nearly straight, lobule cells smooth or slightly convex. Underleaves contiguous to imbricate, sometimes slightly remote, suborbicular to subreniform, 116–297 µm long, 206–363 µm wide, wider than long, ca. 3 of stem width, bifid to 1 / 3–1 / 2 of its length, lobes triangular with acute to obtuse apex, margin nearly entire or bluntly toothed at side, sinus V-shaped, bases rounded to cuneate, insertion line arched. Asexual reproduction by unmodified caducous leaves, lobule remain attached to the stem. Sexuality autoicous. Androecia on short branches, terminal or intercalary on branches, inflated, spicate, 407–663 µm long, 452–607 µm wide; bracts in 2–4 pairs, densely imbricate, isolobous; bracteole 1–2, restricted at the base of the branch, bifid. Gynoecia on short branches, with 1 (– 2) subfloral innovations; bracts in one pair, subequal in size, bract lobes obovate, 733–829 µm long, 286–563 µm wide, apex rounded, incurved, margin entire; ocelli 10–26 per lobe or numerous, aggregated from base to the middle of the lobe; bract lobules lingulate to narrowly oblong, 449–503 µm long, 126–157 µm wide, 0.5–0.8 of lobe length, ca. 2 / 3 of the bract-lobe area, apex acute to obtuse, keel slightly arched, short; bracteole shortly connate with the bracts at the base on one side or rarely on both sides, ovate to obovate, 479–602 µm long, 253–295 µm wide, apex usually emarginate or slightly bifid, lobe acute, margin entire; perianths obovate, ca. 0.5 emergent beyond bracts or sometimes almost entirely covered by bracts, 687–825 µm long, 380–488 µm wide, inflated, 5 - keeled, keels smooth or crenulate, apex usually truncate, beak short. Seta articulate. Capsule valves 4, broadly spreading after dehiscence. Elaters 30 per capsule, marginal elaters 22, upper ends attached to valve margins, inner elaters 8, usually rudimentary, both ends attached to valve surface. Spores not seen.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and ecology.</p><p>Tropical Asia, Australia and Oceanic Islands (He 1999; Yang and Lin 2011). In Thailand, Pycnolejeunea grandiocellata was found growing on tree trunks and branches in tropical lowland and submontane forests at 65–1200 m in elevation.</p><p>Taxonomic notes.</p><p>Pycnolejeunea grandiocellata is easily recognized by a combination of the following characters: 2 cells wide ventral merophytes, closely imbricate leaf lobes, numerous suprabasal ocelli which are commonly aggregated and the oblong leaf lobule with 5–7 elongated cells along the free margin. Pycnolejeunea grandiocellata resembles P. contigua in general appearance. For distinguishing characters of these two species, refer to the taxonomic notes section of P. contigua .</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Thailand. Krabi: Hat Noppharat Thara - Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.75178&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.097112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.75178/lat 8.097112)">Khao Ngon Nak Mountain</a>, 8°5.8267'N, 98°45.1067'E, 150 m elev., 24 Mar 2018, A. Senayai 21 (BKF, PSU) ; 8°5.415'N, 98°46.1683'E, 380 m elev., 24 Mar 2018, A. Senayai 28 a (BKF, PSU); 13 Oct 2018, A. Senayai 337 b (BKF, PSU); 8°5.4'N, 98°46.1517'E, 452 m elev., 18 Feb 2019, A. Senayai 411 (BKF, PSU); 8°5.4'N, 98°46.1517'E, 456 m elev., 12 Jun 2019, A. Senayai 416 (BKF, PSU); A. Senayai 417, 418 a (BKF, PSU); 8°5.8267'N, 98°45.1067'E, 96 m elev., 18 Feb 2019, A. Senayai 506 a (BKF, PSU); Klong Thom, Sa Morakot (Emerald Pool), 65 m elev., 9 Nov 2012, T. Pócs &amp; S. Somadee 1227 / K (EGR, PSU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BFF33BB3C9E53E0A0F361966E331D60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Promma, Chatchaba;Chantanaorrapint, Sahut	Promma, Chatchaba, Chantanaorrapint, Sahut (2025): The genus Pycnolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Thailand, with the description of Pycnolejeunea zhuiana. PhytoKeys 259: 145-160, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.259.156710
89C57BD5CCB9501A856F0CE66FBC350A.text	89C57BD5CCB9501A856F0CE66FBC350A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pycnolejeunea zhuiana Promma & Chantanaorr. 2025	<div><p>3. Pycnolejeunea zhuiana Promma &amp; Chantanaorr. sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 7</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Thailand. Krabi: Hat Noppharat Thara - Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.7745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.087945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.7745/lat 8.087945)">Khao Ngon Nak Mountain</a>, 8°5.2767'N, 98°46.47'E, 480 m elev., 15 Feb 2025, C. Promma &amp; K. Chanakarn 20250215-30 (holotype: PSU!; isotypes: BKF!, NICH!) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pycnolejeunea zhuiana similar to P. papillosa, but differs in having 1–8 ocelli per leaf lobe, stems in transverse section composed of 9–11 epidermal cells surrounding 13–15 medullary cells and male bracteoles occurring along nearly the whole of the androecial branch length.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Plants whitish-green or light green when fresh, yellowish-brown or light brown in dry condition; shoots with leaves 0.71–1.32 mm wide; usually scarcely and irregularly branched; branches Lejeunea - type. Stems 117–132 µm diameter, in transverse section with 9–11 epidermal cells, surrounding 13–15 medullary cells, epidermal cells larger than medullary cells; cell walls pale brown or yellowish-brown, thick-walled, with triangular to bulging trigones, wall between trigones with thin to rather thick continuous thickenings; ventral merophyte 2 cells wide. Rhizoids at base of underleaves, few, tufted, usually hyaline, rhizoid disc not seen. Leaves imbricate, wide-spreading when moist. Leaf lobes ovate to oblong-ovate, occasionally falcate-ovate, 563–698 µm long, 429–512 µm wide, dorsal margin broadly arched, ventral margin slightly to strongly arched, margin entire or conspicuously crenulate with projecting cells, apex rounded, incurved. Lobe cells strongly mammillose on dorsal side, thin-walled, with small to large triangular trigones, intermediate thickenings absent or occasionally seen in the basal cells; marginal cells rectangular or quadrate, 12.5–20.5 × 12–18 µm, median cells hexagonal to rounded, 20.5–34.0 × 19.0–27.5 µm, basal cells hexagonal to rectangular, 22.0–42.6 × 20.0–30.5 µm; ocelli rectangular to long hexagonal, 35.0–61.7 × 23.6–36.0 µm, 1–8 per leaf lobe, basal, aggregated or isolated; oil bodies 2–5 per cell, long ellipsoidal to ovoid-cylindrical, 7.0–19.0 × 4.0–7.0 µm, Calypogeia - type, coarsely granular. Lobule small, ovate, 138–170 µm long, 125–156 µm wide, strongly inflated, 0.20–0.25 of lobe length, free margin slightly involute, formed by 5–6 elongated cells, apex semicircular, apical tooth short, obtuse; keel strongly arched, papillose; lobule cells strongly unipapillose. Underleaves contiguous to imbricate, sometimes slightly remote, suborbicular to subreniform, 234–316 µm long, 257–360 µm wide, wider than long, 3.0–3.5 of stem width, bifid to 1 / 3–1 / 2 of its length, lobes triangular with acute to obtuse apex, margin nearly entire, rarely bluntly toothed at side, sinus V-shaped, bases rounded to cuneate, insertion line arched. Asexual reproduction by unmodified caducous leaves, lobules remain attached to the stem. Sexuality autoicous. Androecia on short branches, terminal or intercalary on branches, inflated, spicate, 515–913 µm long, 408–561 µm wide; bracts in 3–5 pairs, densely imbricate, isolobous; bracteoles occurring nearly throughout androecium, composed of 2 (– 3) bilobed bracteoles restricted at the base of the branch and 1–2 reduced once above. Gynoecia on short branches, with 1 subfloral innovation; bracts in one pair, subequal in size, bract lobe obovate, 526–822 µm long, 317–488 µm wide, apex rounded, incurved, margin entire, ocelli 0–14 per lobe, isolated; bract lobules lingulate, narrowly oblong to ovate, 330–442 µm long, 132–258 µm wide, 0.6–0.8 of lobe length, ca. 2 / 3 of the bract-lobe area, apex acute to broadly obtuse, keel slightly arched, short; bracteole shortly connate with the bracts at the base on one side or rarely on both sides, ovate to obovate, 418–587 µm long, 276–409 µm wide, apex usually emarginate or slightly bifid, lobe acute, margin entire; perianths obovate, ca. 0.5 emergent beyond bracts or sometimes almost entirely covered by bracts, 664–921 µm long, 464–624 µm wide, inflated, 5 - keeled, keels crenulate or rough from projecting cells, apex usually truncate, beak short. Sporophytes not seen.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ zhuiana ” honours Prof. Dr. Rui-Liang Zhu of East China Normal University, Shanghai (China), who has dedicated his entire life to the study of bryophytes, particularly in the taxonomy and systematics of Lejeuneaceae and the advancement of liverwort research in Asia.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and ecology.</p><p>Endemic to peninsular Thailand. So far known only from its type locality at Khao Ngon Nak Mountain, Hat Noppharat Thara - Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park, Krabi Province; however, it may also occur in other areas in southern Thailand with a similar vegetation type. Pycnolejeunea zhuiana was found growing on tree trunks in tropical lowland forests dominated by Baeckea frutescens L., Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don. and Syzygium antisepticum (Blume) Merr. &amp; L. M. Perry ., at elevations of 380– 480 m. It is often found growing in association with Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees and P. contigua .</p><p>Taxonomic notes.</p><p>Pycnolejeunea zhuiana is readily distinguished by a combination of the following characters: ventral merophyte consistently 2 cells wide; oblong-ovate to oblong leaf lobes; strongly mammillose on dorsal side of leaf lobe cells; presence of 1–8 ocelli per leaf lobe which are either aggregated or isolated at the basal region of the lobe; the strongly papillate lobules with 5–6 elongate cells along the free margin; and male bracteoles occurring nearly throughout the androecial branch.</p><p>Pycnolejeunea zhuiana can be confused with P. papillosa from tropical America, which also have papillose lobues and unipapillose leaf cells. However, P. zhuiana is distinguished by its larger size and ovate to oblong-ovate leaf lobes, while P. papillosa has smaller shoots and orbicular-ovate leaf lobes. Additionally, P. zhuiana has 1–8 ocelli per leaf lobe, while P. papillosa has only 1–2 (– 3) ocelli per leaf lobe. Pycnolejeunea zhuiana also has male bracteoles almost throughout the androecial branch. In contrast, P. papillosa has only one male bracteole restricted to the base of the branch. The differences between the two species are shown in Table 1.</p><p>With regards to the male bracteole, most species of Pycnolejeunea have only 1 or 1–2 bracteoles per androecial branch and restricted to the base of the androecium. Except for P. macroloba (Nees &amp; Mont.) Schiffn. from the Neotropics, male bracteoles are present throughout the androecium or nearly so (He 1999). However, P. macroloba differs from P. zhuiana in the larger plant (to 2.5 mm wide), the rectangular lobules (0.5–0.6 of lobe length) with 9–20 elongated cells along the lateral margin and nearly smooth lobule surface.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Thailand. Krabi: Hat Noppharat Thara - Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.76947&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.09025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.76947/lat 8.09025)">Khao Ngon Nak Mountain</a>, 8°5.415'N, 98°46.1683'E, 380 m elev., 24 Mar 2018, A. Senayai 64 (BKF, PSU) ; 8°5.2767'N, 98°46.47'E, 480 m elev., 9 Apr 2022, S. Chantanaorrapint &amp; A. Chantanaorrapint s. n. (PSU); 8°5.2767'N, 98°46.47'E, 480 m elev., 15 Feb 2025, C. Promma &amp; K. Chanakarn 20250215-27, 20250215-28 A, 20250215-29, 20250215-31 (PSU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/89C57BD5CCB9501A856F0CE66FBC350A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Promma, Chatchaba;Chantanaorrapint, Sahut	Promma, Chatchaba, Chantanaorrapint, Sahut (2025): The genus Pycnolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Thailand, with the description of Pycnolejeunea zhuiana. PhytoKeys 259: 145-160, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.259.156710
