taxonID	type	description	language	source
9A892B8C046E5B3D8EA1463C2DBCE206.taxon	description	Figs 3 A-J, 4 G-I	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
9A892B8C046E5B3D8EA1463C2DBCE206.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species closely related to other Solenysa species from western Japan. Males of S. bilamellata sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from males of S. reflexilis, S. macrodonta, and S. trunciformis by the presence of two large, lamellar-like protrusions of the median tegular apophysis (AP and MP) and having a rounded tip, both clearly visible when the palp is observed laterally (vs only AM visible and MP missing or reduced in S. reflexilis; or AM reduced and only MP clearly visible but with a pointed or truncated tip in the other three species). Additionally, S. bilamellata sp. nov. can be distinguished by the straight second branch of the lamella (LA 2) (vs LA 2 curved in S. reflexilis and S. macrodonta); by the smaller LA 1 (LA 1 longer in S. reflexilis); the sharper tip of the upper branch of LA 3 (vs tip of LA 3 wide and fringed in S. macrodonta), and by the shape of the lamellar-like anterior terminal hypophysis (ATA) (vs ATA with a different shape, wider in S. reflexilis or thinner in S. macrodonta, and S. trunciformis) (cf. Fig. 3 A-D vs Figs 4 G-I, 6 A-D, 7 A-D, 8 A-D, 11 A-F). Females of S. bilamellata sp. nov. can be distinguished from females of S. reflexilis, S. macrodonta, and S. trunciformis by the different shape of the epigyne, having a more transversely ovate ventral plate (VP) with short and pointed lateral borders headed internally and a dorsal plate (DP) with more rounded lobes (vs VP more trapezoidal with lateral borders headed externally and DP with more trapezoidal lobes in S. reflexilis; or VP more elongated posteriorly with longer lateral borders and DP with oval lobes in S. macrodonta and S. trunciformis) (cf. Fig. 3 G-J vs Figs 6 G-J, 7 G-J, 8 G-J).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
9A892B8C046E5B3D8EA1463C2DBCE206.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 1.22. Prosoma 0.67 long; 0.48 wide. Clypeus 0.24 long. Habitus as in Fig. 3 E. Cephalic area distinctly elevated. Carapace oval with conspicuous lateral lobes. Carapace, chelicera, mouth parts, and sternum uniformly brick-red. Chelicera with four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Legs uniformly red-yellowish. Length of legs as follows: I (0.64, 0.15, 0.63, 0.52, 0.42), II (0.60, 0.14, 0.55, 0.44, 0.40), III (0.47, 0.14, 0.38, 0.36, 0.33), IV (0.55, 0.13, 0.51, 0.44, 0.37). TmI = 0.54, Opisthosoma uniformly greyish with scattered small white marks on dorsal side, dorsal-posterior tip of opisthosoma lighter gray in some individuals. Palp as in Figs 3 A-D, 4 G-I. Palpal tibia elongated, ~ 2 × longer than patella, bearing four long, thin setae on anterior-retrolateral side; proximal tibial apophysis (PTP) well-developed, strongly protruding dorsally, bearing four – five long, thin setae. Cymbium with well-developed probasal cymbial apophysis (PBP), hook-like when observed laterally or dorsally, bent retrolaterally, with massive basal part, ending with thin, rounded tip. Cymbial retrolateral process (CRP) thorn-like. Paracymbium (P) U-shaped, elongated antero-posteriorly, ventral lobe (VLP) protruding anteriorly. Solenysa tegular triangle (STT) thick. Lamella with three well-developed branches: anterior branch (LA 1) short and stocky; median branch (LA 2) straight, strongly sclerotized, needle-like; posterior branch (LA 3) with long, ribbon-like basal part, distal part forked into two needle-like branches headed antero-dorsally, ventral branch sclerotized, dorsal branch transparent ending blunt. Radix (R) strongly sclerotized. Distal suprategular apophysis (DSA) well-developed, strongly sclerotized. Median terminal apophysis (MTA) bearing two well-visible, sclerotized, lamellar protrusions protruding antero-ventrally: anterior protrusion (AP) lobated, longer than wide; median protrusion (MP) also longer than wide and lobated but slightly thinner and sharper than AP, ending with a rounded, serrated tip. Anterior terminal apophysis (ATA) stocky, lobated, lacking any median tooths. Embolus (E) sclerotized, ribbon-like, twisted, ending with a sharp tip. Female (one of the paratypes). Total length: 1.25. Prosoma 0.63 long; 0.45 wide. Clypeus 0.21 long. Habitus as in Fig. 3 F. Length of legs as follows: I (0.61, 0.14, 0.60, 0.47, 0.40), II (0.56, 0.14, 0.50, 0.43, 0.38), III (0.44, 0.14, 0.35, 0.29), IV (0.58, 0.14, 0.48, 0.42, 0.37). Color and other features as in male. Epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 3 G-J, protruding, ventral side flattened when observed laterally. Solenoid (SL) with numerous small coils give a wrinkled texture, lacking clear, wide folds. Ventral plate (VP) transversely ovate, with pointed lateral borders headed posteriorly; anterior border strongly concave, posterior border rounded. Dorsal plate (DP) divided into two rounded lobes separated from each other by ~ 1 / 3 of their width. Copulatory ducts (CD) headed anteriorly then posteriorly before reaching spermathecae. Fertilization ducts (FD) thin, bent anteriorly. Spermathecae (S) wide, kidney-shaped (Fig. 3 J).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
9A892B8C046E5B3D8EA1463C2DBCE206.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin prefix bi - meaning “ two, ” and lamellata meaning “ bearing lamellae. ” It refers to the two flat, lamellar protrusions (AP and MP) of the median terminal apophysis that are diagnostic for this species. Adjective.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
9A892B8C046E5B3D8EA1463C2DBCE206.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to northern and eastern Kyushu, Western Japan (Fig. 13). See also remarks of S. reflexilis.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
CD05F250E88455E2BDC2D37DFDB6C1A2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Tu and Li (2006)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
CD05F250E88455E2BDC2D37DFDB6C1A2.taxon	description	Description. See Tu and Li (2006)	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
6C0C42E934235B0E839D60514D753C20.taxon	description	Figs 9 A-J, 11 G, H	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
6C0C42E934235B0E839D60514D753C20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Tu and Li (2006) and Tu and Hormiga (2011).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
6C0C42E934235B0E839D60514D753C20.taxon	description	Description. Habitus of male as in Fig. 9 E, habitus of female as in Fig. 9 F. Palp as in Fig. 9 A-D, embolic division as in Fig. 11 G, H; epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 9 G-J. See Tu and Li (2006) for a detailed description.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
2FD77D5F3F1B57198BA251B41480D80F.taxon	description	Figs 7 A-J, 11 C, D	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
2FD77D5F3F1B57198BA251B41480D80F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Wang et al. (2015).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
2FD77D5F3F1B57198BA251B41480D80F.taxon	description	Description. Habitus of male as in Fig. 7 E, habitus of female as in Fig. 7 F. Palp as in Fig. 7 A-D, embolic division as in Fig. 11 C, D; epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 7 G-J. See Wang et al. (2015) for a detailed description.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
6E4C5A51F3AE52BC9AA48F8254C2B7E6.taxon	description	Figs 6 A-J, 11 A, B	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
6E4C5A51F3AE52BC9AA48F8254C2B7E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Tu et al. (2007).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
6E4C5A51F3AE52BC9AA48F8254C2B7E6.taxon	description	Description. Habitus of male as in Fig. 6 E, habitus of female as in Fig. 6 F. Palp as in Fig. 6 A-D, embolic division as in Fig. 11 A, B; epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 6 G-J. See Tu et al. (2007) for a detailed description.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
FA6E43E57A8F552BB80096FEFDADBB39.taxon	description	Figs 1 A – J, 4 A-C, 5 A, B	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
FA6E43E57A8F552BB80096FEFDADBB39.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species closely related to S. yambaruensis sp. nov. from which it can be easily separated by the dorsal color pattern of the opisthosoma, having a single white mark on the dorsal-posterior tip of the opisthosoma (vs three marks) (cf. Fig. 1 A-E, F vs Fig. 2 E, F). Males of S. shimatchu sp. nov. can be easily separated from males of S. yambaruensis sp. nov. by the different shape of the posterior branch of the lamella (LA 3), thinner and ending with a long and straight single needle-like tip (vs LA 3 wider, ribbon-like, and ending with a bent spine and two denticles) (cf. Fig. 4 A-C vs Fig. 4 D-F). Additionally, the paracymbium (P) has a less-developed and shorter ventral lobe (VLP), headed ventrally (vs VLP with a wider lobe headed antero-ventrally); the probasal cymbial apophysis (PBP) is less bent and headed retrolaterally when observed dorsally (vs PBP more bent and headed antero-retrolaterally); and the proximal tibial apophysis (PTP) is more developed and with thicker spines (vs PTP less developed and with thinner spines) (cf. Fig. 1 A-D vs Figs 2 A-D, 5 A, B, C – F). Females of S. shimatchu sp. nov. can be distinguished from females of S. yambaruensis sp. nov. by the different shape of the epigyne: more rounded and protruding when observed laterally (vs flatter and less protruding); having a more V-shaped ventral plate (VP) (vs VP more trapezoidal with flatter posterior borders); and a more protruding lobe of the dorsal plate (LDP) (vs LDP less protruding) (cf. Fig. 1 G-J vs Fig. 2 G-J). For additional separation from other Solenysa spp. see the species group’s diagnosis.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
FA6E43E57A8F552BB80096FEFDADBB39.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 1.21. Prosoma 0.71 long; 0.46 wide. Clypeus 0.24 long. Habitus as in Fig. 1 E. Length of legs as follows: I 2.38 (0.62, 0.15, 0.63, 0.53, 0.45), II 2.02 (0.56, 0.14, 0.51, 0.43, 0.38), III 1.61 (0.43, 0.13, 0.37, 0.36, 0.33), IV 1.80 (0.50, 0.13, 0.44, 0.39, 0.34). Opisthosoma uniformly greyish with scattered small lighter dots, one wider, distinct dorsal whitish mark near posterior tip of opisthosoma. Other somatic characters as reported in species group. Palp as in Figs 1 A-D, 4 A-C, 5 A, B. Proximal tibial apophysis (PTP) strongly protruding antero-retrolaterally, bearing 3 thick spines. Probasal cymbial apophysis (PBP), massive, hook-like when observed dorsally, headed retrolaterally. Ventral lobe of paracymbium (VLP) headed ventrally. Lamella with 3 well-developed branches: LA 1 wide, ribbon-like, transparent; LA 2 and LA 3 both sclerotized, strait, needle-like; LA 2 shorter, headed antero-ventrally; LA 3 longer, with a slightly wider, ribbon-like basal part, ending sharp and thin, headed antero-dorsally. Posterior terminal apophysis (PTA), thin and transparent, almost invisible. Median terminal apophysis (MTA) half-transparent, lobated, slightly twisted. Anterior terminal apophysis (ATA) ribbon-like, strongly sclerotized, flattened, slightly twisted, headed anteriorly, ending with a sharp tip. Median tooth (MT) of ATA small and stocky, headed anteriorly. Embolus (E) transparent, twisted, and fringed, partially hidden by ATA. Female (one of the paratypes). Total length: 1.26. Prosoma 0.72 long; 0.46 wide. Clypeus 0.24 long. Habitus as in Fig. 1 F. Length of legs as follows: I 2.22 (0.58, 0.16, 0.57, 0.50, 0.41), II 1.93 (0.53, 0.13, 0.47, 0.43, 0.37), III 1.61 (0.43, 0.14, 0.35, 0.36, 0.33), IV 1.95 (0.53, 0.14, 0.48, 0.43, 0.37). Color and other features as in male. Epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 1 G-J, strongly protruding when observed laterally. Solenoid (SL) folded anterodorsally with 2 wide transversal folds before reaching the dorsal base of epigyne. Ventral plate (VP) slightly V-shaped, anterior border strongly concave. Dorsal plate (DP) undivided, bearing a well-developed rectangular ventral lobe (LDP) protruding posteriorly. Copulatory ducts (CD) thick, heading antero-laterally then posteriorly before reaching posterior side of spermathecae. Fertilization ducts (FD) thin, Z-shaped, bent anteriorly. Spermathecae (S) wide, oval (Fig. 1 J).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
FA6E43E57A8F552BB80096FEFDADBB39.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the word “ shimatchu ” (島っちゅ) meaning “ islander ” in the Amami-Ōshima local language. The name refers to the insular origin of the species endemic to Amami-Ōshima and Tokunoshima islands. Name in apposition.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
FA6E43E57A8F552BB80096FEFDADBB39.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Amami-Ōshima and Tokunoshima islands, Central Ryukyus, Japan (Fig. 13).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
E4C3CE52F95D58449ED7F0B961A9C60E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Solenysa mellotteei Simon, 1894; type locality: Japan.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
E4C3CE52F95D58449ED7F0B961A9C60E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. East Asia: Eastern mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan (mainland and Ryukyus, absent in Hokkaido). Solenysa yambaruensis group sensu Ballarin & Eguchi Composition. Two species, S. yambaruensis sp. nov.; S. shimatchu sp. nov. Diagnosis. Males of the S. yambaruensis group can be separated from males of other species groups by the following combination of characters: a well-developed, protruding proximal tibial apophysis (PTP) bearing three robust spines (vs PTP reduced or bearing thinner setae); a cymbium with a massive probasal cymbial apophysis (PBP) strongly bent and concave to form a wide pocket, lacking any clear spurs (vs PBP less developed, or with a different shape, or bearing some spurs); a paracymbium (P) elongated dorsal-ventrally with a well-developed ventral lobe (vs P differently shaped, elongated antero-posteriorly or with a reduced ventral lobe); a protruding, lobated median terminal apophysis (MTA) longer than wide and lacking any clear protrusions (vs MTA wider than long, or with a different shape and having some protrusions); a lamella with three, uniquely shaped branches (LA 1 - 3) all well-developed: LA 1 ribbon-like and transparent, LA 2 strongly sclerotized, needle-like, LA 3 with a wide, ribbon-like basal part and ending with a sclerotized, needle-like tip (vs LA 1 - 3 less sclerotized, or with a different shape). Females of the S. yambaruensis group can be distinguished from females of other species groups by the following combination of characters: solenoid (SL) with a smooth surface folded into two transversal coils (vs SL differently shaped, with a wrinkled surface, lacking two clear wide folds); a dorsal plate (DP) with a short, undivided rectangular lobe (LDP) protruding posteriorly (vs LDP lacking, divided into two lobes, or differently shaped). Description. Cephalic area distinctly elevated in both sexes. Carapace oval with conspicuous lateral lobes. Carapace, chelicera, mouth parts, and sternum uniformly brick-red. Chelicera with four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Legs uniformly red-yellowish. TmI = 0.54, TmIV absent. Leg Tibial spine formula = 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. Opisthosoma uniformly greyish with one or three white marks on dorsal side, one mark always on dorsal-posterior tip of opisthosoma. Other somatic features as in other Solenysa spp. Palpal tibia elongated, ~ 2 × longer than patella, bearing three long, thin setae on anterior-retrolateral side; proximal tibial apophysis (PTP) well-developed, bearing three robust spines. Cymbium with well-developed probasal cymbial apophysis (PBP), massive, folded to form a wide pocket strongly bent retrolaterally, hook-like when observed dorsally. Cymbial retrolateral process (CRP) thorn-like. Paracymbium (P) U-shaped, elongated dorsal-ventrally, ventral lobe (VLP) wide. Solenysa tegular triangle (STT) long and narrow. Lamella with three well-developed branches: anterior branch (LA 1) ribbon-like, transparent; median branch (LA 2) straight, strongly sclerotized, needle-like; posterior branch (LA 3) with a more or less wide, ribbon-like basal part, ending with a sharp, sclerotized point, straight or bent anteriorly. Radix (R) strongly sclerotized. Distal suprategular apophysis (DSA) well-developed, strongly sclerotized. Median terminal apophysis (MTA) lobated, ~ 2 × longer than wide, protruding antero-ventrally. Anterior terminal apophysis (ATA) ribbon-like, flattened, slightly twisted, and bent ventrally, ending with a more or less sharp tip, bearing a short median tooth (MT). Embolus (E) transparent, ribbon-like, and fringed. Epigyne more or less protruding when observed laterally, Solenoid (S) with smooth surface lacking wrinkles, connected to the dorsal base of epigyne, folded anterodorsally with approximately two folds. Ventral plate (VP) V-shaped or trapezoidal; anterior border strongly concave, posterior border flat or slightly V-shaped. Dorsal plate (DP) undivided, bearing a more or less protruding lobe (LDP). Copulatory ducts (CD) thick, heading anteriorly then posteriorly before reaching spermathecae. Fertilization ducts (FD) thin, slightly twisted, bent anteriorly. Spermathecae (S) wide, oval. Distribution. Ryukyu Archipelago Remarks. The Solenysa species were grouped by Tu and Hormiga (2011) into four species groups based on the morphology of their genitalia: the Solenysa longqiensis group (S. longqiensis, S. yangmingshana, and S. spiralis (?) from Mainland China and Taiwan), the S. wulingensis group (S. geumoensis, S. retractilis, S. wulingensis, and S. tianmushana from Mainland China and Korea), the S. protrudens group (S. protrudens and S. lanyuensis from Mainland China and Taiwan), and the S. mellotteei group (S. macrodonta, S. mellotteei, S. ogatai, S. partibilis, S. reflexilis, and S. trunciformis, all from Japan) (Tu and Hormiga 2011; Tian and Tu 2018). Later molecular studies supported the monophyly of these groups. (Tian et al. 2022). The two new species from the Central Ryukyus exhibit a unique combination of morphological characters that set them apart from the previously known species groups. Our molecular analysis further supports this distinction placing these species in a monophyletic clade, separated from the other existing species groups (Fig. 12). Based on these findings, we propose a new species group, the Solenysa yambaruensis group, to accommodate the two Ryukyuan species.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
065F8CA69719578F9EBD2BAFEB12145A.taxon	description	Figs 8 A-J, 11 E, F	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
065F8CA69719578F9EBD2BAFEB12145A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Wang et al. (2015).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
065F8CA69719578F9EBD2BAFEB12145A.taxon	description	Description. Habitus of male as in Fig. 8 E, habitus of female as in Fig. 8 F. Palp as in Fig. 8 A-D, embolic division as in Fig. 11 E, F; epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 8 G-J. See Wang et al. (2015) for a detailed description.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
9BAB341D03695B008C5F4130077CA5C0.taxon	description	Figs 2 A – J, 4 D-F, 5 C – F	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
9BAB341D03695B008C5F4130077CA5C0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See the diagnosis of S. shimatchu sp. nov. above.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
9BAB341D03695B008C5F4130077CA5C0.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 1.24. Prosoma 0.68 long; 0.47 wide. Clypeus 0.24 long. Habitus as in Fig. 2 E. Length of legs as follows: I 2.62 (0.69, 0.15, 0.70, 0.59, 0.49), II 2.31 (0.64, 0.15, 0.57, 0.50, 0.45), III 1.81 (0.51, 0.14, 0.41, 0.40, 0.36), IV 2.21 (0.64, 0.14, 0.53, 0.48, 0.42). Opisthosoma uniformly greyish with three distinct, white-greyish marks on dorsal side: two wide parallel, elongated marks in the central-anterior part of opisthosoma, one wide mark near posterior tip. Marks partially fused together in some individuals. Other somatic characters as in species group. Palp as in Figs 2 A-D, 4 D-F, 5 C – F. Proximal tibial apophysis (PTP) slightly protruding, bearing three spines. Probasal cymbial apophysis (PBP), massive, strongly bent, hook-like when observed dorsally, headed antero-retrolaterally. Ventral lobe of paracymbium (VLP) wide, laterally flattened, strongly protruding antero-ventrally. Lamella with three well-developed branches: LA 1 transparent and wide, ribbon-like, half-twisted; LA 2 and LA 3 both sclerotized; LA 2 thin, strait, needle-like, headed antero-ventrally; LA 3 longer, basal part wide, ribbon-like, headed antero-retrolaterally, ending with two small denticles and one sharp needle-like tip bent with a 90 ° angle antero-dorsally. Posterior terminal apophysis (PTA), thin and transparent, headed anteriorly, clearly visible when the palp is observed ventrally. Median terminal apophysis (MTA) flattened, long and lobated, sightly sclerotized, strongly protruding antero-ventrally. Anterior terminal apophysis (ATA) ribbon-like, strongly sclerotized, flattened, slightly twisted, headed ventrally, ending with a blunt tip. Median tooth (MT) of ATA small, thorn-like with a sharp tip, headed posteriorly. Embolus (E) transparent, twisted, and fringed, partially hidden by ATA. Female (one of the paratypes). Total length: 1.25. Prosoma 0.63 long; 0.44 wide. Clypeus 0.21 long. Habitus as in Fig. 2 F. Length of legs as follows: I 2.42 (0.65, 0.15, 0.63, 0.52, 0.47), II 2.07 (0.52, 0.14, 0.51, 0.46, 0.44), III 1.73 (0.45, 0.12, 0.41, 0.37, 0.38), IV 2.06 (0.55, 0.14, 0.50, 0.45, 0.42). Color and other features as in male. Epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 2 G-J, flattened and only slightly protruding when observed laterally. Solenoid (SL) folded anterodorsally with 2 transversal folds before reaching the dorsal base of epigyne. Ventral plate (VP) trapezoidal with rounded lateral borders, anterior border concave, ventral border flattened. Dorsal plate (DP) undivided, bearing a short, rectangular ventral lobe (LDP) slightly protruding posteriorly. Copulatory ducts (CD) thick, heading anteriorly then posteriorly before reaching posterior side of spermathecae. Fertilization ducts (FD) thin, S-shaped, slightly twisted, bent anteriorly. Spermathecae (S) wide, oval (Fig. 2 J).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
9BAB341D03695B008C5F4130077CA5C0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality area where this species was initially found, the Yambaru National Park. This renowned protected area covers the Northern portion of Okinawa Island and has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2021.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
9BAB341D03695B008C5F4130077CA5C0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Okinawa Honto and Kumejima islands, Central Ryukyus, Japan (Fig. 13).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
A9C73F399FF05CCB89922AABB51141D0.taxon	description	Figs 10 A-J, 11 I, J	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
A9C73F399FF05CCB89922AABB51141D0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Tu and Hormiga (2011).	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
A9C73F399FF05CCB89922AABB51141D0.taxon	description	Description. Habitus of male as in Fig. 10 E. Total length: 1.56. Prosoma 0.85 long; 0.60 wide. Clypeus 0.38 long. Cephalic area distinctly elevated in both sexes. Carapace oval, lacking lateral lobes. Carapace, chelicera, mouth parts, and sternum uniformly brick-red. Chelicera with four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Legs uniformly red-yellowish. TmI = 0.43. TmIV absent. Length of legs as follows: I 3.71 (1.01, 0.20, 1.04, 0.86, 0.60), II 3.21 (0.88, 0.18, 0.84, 0.75, 0.56), III 2.56 (0.78, 0.18, 0.60, 0.56, 0.44), IV 3.19 (0.92, 0.17, 0.83, 0.73, 0.54). Opisthosoma uniformly dark grey with some faint lighter dots on dorsal side. Some individuals with one light mark on dorsal-posterior part of opisthosoma. Palp as in Fig. 10 A-D, embolic division as in Fig. 11 I, J. Habitus of female as in Fig. 10 F. Total length: 1.55. Prosoma 0.79 long; 0.53 wide. Clypeus 0.28 long. Length of legs as follows: I 3.30 (0.95, 0.17, 0.89, 0.74, 0.55), II 2.91 (0.85, 0.16, 0.77, 0.62, 0.51), III 2.37 (0.68, 0.16, 0.55, 0.52, 0.46), IV 2.92 (0.89, 0.17, 0.75, 0.63, 0.48). Color and other features as in male. Epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 10 G-J. See Tu and Hormiga (2011) for a detailed description of genitalia.	en	Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2025): Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 1232: 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
