identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F77AB0204D6A5D28B5F41E48FBE9FED5.text	F77AB0204D6A5D28B5F41E48FBE9FED5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tortrilema Volynkin 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Tortrilema Volynkin, 2021 ,  stat. rev.</p>
            <p> Manulea Wallengren, 1863 subgenus  Tortrilema Volynkin, 2021 , Ecologica  Montenegrina , 48: 10. Type species:  Lithosia postmaculosa Matsumura, 1927 , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Note. The genus is herein restricted to the ‘  Manulea (Tortrilema) postmaculosa species-group’ sensu Volynkin (2021). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Species of the genus (Figs 1–12) are morphologically similar to  Parabitecta (type species:  Parabitecta flava Draeseke, 1926 ) (Figs 17–20) but the imagoes can be distinguished by the lack of the subbasal androconial patch on the male forewing upperside, and the more substantial sexual dimorphism with female having reduced forewing pattern. Compared to  Parabitecta (Fig. 26), the male genitalia of  Tortrilema (Figs 21–23) are characterised by the combination of the following features. (1) The vinculum is solid whereas in  Parabitecta the vincular arms are ventrally connected by the membranous commissure. (2) The intravincular membrane lacks the corema and caselli, which are present in  Parabitecta . (3) The tendons are thin, ribbon-like and fused with each other whereas in  Parabitecta , they are short, plate-like and separated from each other by the diaphragmal membrane. (4) The valva lacks the lamella centralis and apical sclerotised protrusion, which are present in  Parabitecta . (5) The distal saccular process bears a short, denticle-like basal protrusion whereas the saccular process of  Parabitecta is smooth. (6) The phallus is markedly narrower than in  Parabitecta and has a shorter coecum. (7) The vesica is considerably broader and longer than in  Parabitecta and bears clusters of scobination. The female genitalia of  Tortrilema (Figs 27–29) differ from  Parabitecta (Fig. 31) in the following features. (1) The antevaginal plate is absent whereas it is well-developed and pocket-like in  Parabitecta . (2) The ductus bursae is dorso-ventrally flattened and bears large dorsal and ventral sclerotised plates whereas it is membranous and tubular in  Parabitecta . (3) The anterior section of the corpus bursae bears a small elliptical signum or lacks it whereas  Parabitecta has two long ribbon-like longitudinal signa. (4) The appendix bursae is very short and conical whereas it is markedly larger and elongate sack-like in  Parabitecta . The detailed comparison with another similar genus,  Tortribitecta gen. n. is provided below in the diagnosis of the latter species. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Species of the genus are known from southwestern and southern mainland China,</p>
            <p>Taiwan Island and northern Mainland Southeast Asia (northern Vietnam).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F77AB0204D6A5D28B5F41E48FBE9FED5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): Revised status of the genus Tortrilema Volynkin with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 169-179, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.17, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.17
F77AB0204D695D28B5F41EEFFB13F97A.text	F77AB0204D695D28B5F41EEFFB13F97A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tortrilema lienquan (Volynkin & Saldaitis 2021) Volynkin 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tortrilema lienquan (Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis, 2021) ,  comb. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 5–10, 22, 28)</p>
            <p> 
Manulea lienquan 
Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis, 2021 , Zootaxa, 4991 (2):390, figs 1–6, 17–19, 24, 25 (Type locality: “N- Vietnam / Tonkin, Mt. Fan-si-pan (  Nord ), Cha-pa ... 22.15' N 103.45 'E”). </p>
            <p>
                 Type material examined.   Holotype (Figs 5, 22): male, “N- Vietnam / Tonkin | Mt. Fan-si-pan (  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.75/lat 103.45)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=103.45">Nord</a>
                 ) | Cha-pa, Nebelwald [cloud forest] | (22.15' N 103.45 'E) [22°15'N 103°45'E] | 2.– 4.3.1995 2400m | leg. Dr. R. Brechlin” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. 2020- 158♂ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM/ ZSM)  .  Paratypes. VIETNAM: 3 males, 4 females, same data as holotype, gen. prep. No.: ZSM  Arct. 2020  -  159♀ (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM) ;   CHINA: 2 males, 1 female, W Sichuan,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.754616/lat 30.0076)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.754616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0076">10 km Tianquan</a>
                 , 880m, N30°00.456' E102°45.277', 23.IV.2005, Floriani &amp; Saldaitis [leg.], gen. prep. Nos.: AV6410  ♂, AV6411 ♂, AV6412  ♀ (AFM) . 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. The species is known from Northern Vietnam (Lào Cai Province) and Southwestern China (Sichuan Province) (Fang 2000, partim; Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis 2021).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F77AB0204D695D28B5F41EEFFB13F97A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): Revised status of the genus Tortrilema Volynkin with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 169-179, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.17, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.17
F77AB0204D695D28B5F41BFFFAEFFBA3.text	F77AB0204D695D28B5F41BFFFAEFFBA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tortrilema postmaculosa (Matsumura 1927) Volynkin 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tortrilema postmaculosa (Matsumura, 1927) ,  comb. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–4, 21, 27)</p>
            <p> 
Lithosia postmaculosa 
Matsumura, 1927 , Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, 19 (1): 66, pl. 5, fig. 9 (Type locality: [Taiwan, Nantou County, Meiyuan] “  Formosa ,  Baibara ”). </p>
            <p> Type material examined. Photograph of the syntype (illustrated and cited by Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis (2021) as ‘holotype’): female, “Baibara | Y. Saito | [and K.] Kikuchi” / “  Lithosia postmaculosa ” / red label “Type | Matsumura” (EIHU). </p>
            <p> Additional material examined.   TAIWAN: long series of both sexes from Taoyuan, Pingtung, Taichung, Kaohsiung, Nantou, Ilan, Chiayi, and Taipei  Counties , gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM  Arct. 2020- 160♂, 2020- 161♀, 2020- 162♂, 2020- 163♀, 2020- 164♂, and 2020- 165♀ (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM) . </p>
            <p> Notes. (1) Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis (2021) erroneously cited and illustrated the type specimen of  Lithosia postmaculosa as ‘holotype’ whereas the species was originally described from two females (Matsumura 1927), which are syntypes. (2) The differences between  T. postmaculosa and  T. lienquan are discussed in detail by Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis (2021). </p>
            <p> Distribution. The species is endemic to Taiwan Island (Matsumura 1927; Fang 1982, 2000 partim; Chang 1989; Heppner 2012 (as costipuncta  postmaculosa ); Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis 2021). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F77AB0204D695D28B5F41BFFFAEFFBA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): Revised status of the genus Tortrilema Volynkin with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 169-179, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.17, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.17
F77AB0204D695D2FB5F41CD4FD58FBDD.text	F77AB0204D695D2FB5F41CD4FD58FBDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tortrilema fangae Volynkin 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tortrilema fangae sp. n.</p>
            <p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 26FD7FEE-BD91-4F08-AAD9-173B8543B7F9</p>
            <p>(Figs 11, 12, 23, 29)</p>
            <p>
                 Type material.   Holotype (Figs 11, 23): male, “ China /  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.416664/lat 27.933332)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.933332">WuyShan</a>
                 | Jiangxi – Fujian border | 50 km SE of Yingtan | 27°56'N, 117°25'E | 1600 m, March 2002 | leg. Siniaev [recte: Sinyaev] &amp; local coll. | Museum Witt” / “Slide | CW 00097 ♂ ” [prepared by Volynkin] (MWM/ ZSM). 
            </p>
            <p> Paratypes. CHINA: 4 males, 1 female ,  same data as holotype, gen. prep. No.: CW 00098 ♀ </p>
            <p>(prepared by Volynkin) (MWM/ ZSM).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The forewing length is 16.0–16.5 mm in males and 17.0 mm in the female.  Tortrilema fangae sp. n. is externally very similar to  T. lienquan and the reliable identification requires the examination of the genitalia structures. In the male genital capsule, the new species differs from  T. lienquan in the proximally thicker uncus and the broader distal saccular process. The phallus of  T. fangae sp. n. is distally broader than in  T. lienquan . The differences between the two species are substantial in their vesica structures:  T. fangae sp. n. has a strongly elongate basal diverticulum with two subdiverticula apically, one of which is elongate, utricular and recurved anteriorly while the other one is short and semiglobular, whereas the basal diverticulum of  T. lienquan is short but broad and semiglobular. The distal section of the vesica of the new species is utricular and somewhat curved, shorter than the phallic tube, and has three short finger-shaped diverticula laterally whereas in  T. lienquan , the distal section of the vesica is markedly longer and broader, helicoid and has a large conical apical diverticulum directed dorsally and bearing a cluster of spinulose scobination apically. Additionally, compared to  T. lienquan , the apical cornutus of  T. fangae sp. n. is somewhat shorter but thicker and has a broader base. The female genitalia of the new species are distinguished from  T. lienquan by the longer and broader ventral plate of the ductus bursae, the more elliptical posterior gelatinous enlargement of the corpus bursae protruding latero-ventrally on the left side (it is protruding laterally to the right in the congener), and the broader but shorter diverticulum bursae situated ventrolaterally on the right side (vs. left-sided and more posterior position in  T. lienquan ). </p>
            <p> Distribution. The new species is currently known only from its type locality situated on the border of the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian. The records of  T. postmaculosa (as “  Systropha ” or “  Strysopha ”) from the same region of China (Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong) (Daniel 1954; Fang 2000, partim) probably also belong to  T. fangae sp. n. but require confirmation. </p>
            <p>Etymology. The new species is named after Ms Cheng-lai Fang (Institute of Zoology Chinese Academic of Science, Beijing, China), who made significant contributions to the knowledge of Lithosiini of China in the 1980s–2000s.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F77AB0204D695D2FB5F41CD4FD58FBDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): Revised status of the genus Tortrilema Volynkin with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 169-179, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.17, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.17
F77AB0204D6E5D2FB5F41E7EFB59FB7A.text	F77AB0204D6E5D2FB5F41E7EFB59FB7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tortribitecta Volynkin 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Tortribitecta gen. n.</p>
            <p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 336BCC9D-FB64-4D25-8F14-480E0126B4DF</p>
            <p> Type species:  Manulea (Tortrilema) nubes Volynkin, 2021 , by present designation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F77AB0204D6E5D2FB5F41E7EFB59FB7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): Revised status of the genus Tortrilema Volynkin with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 169-179, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.17, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.17
F77AB0204D625D23B5F41AE9FB9DFD65.text	F77AB0204D625D23B5F41AE9FB9DFD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tortribitecta nubes (Volynkin 2021) Volynkin 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tortribitecta nubes (Volynkin, 2021) ,  comb. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 13, 14, 24, 30)</p>
            <p> 
Manulea (Tortrilema) nubes 
Volynkin, 2021 , Ecologica  Montenegrina , 48: 12, figs 1, 2, 9, 10, 15 (Type locality: “N- Vietnam / Tonkin, Mt. Fan-si-pan (  Nord ), Cha-pa ... 22.15' N 103.45 'E”). </p>
            <p>
                 Type material examined.  Holotype (Figs 13, 24): male, “N- Vietnam / Tonkin | Mt. Fan-si-pan (Nord) | Cha-pa, Nebelwald [cloud forest] | (22.15' N 103.45 'E) [22°15'N 103°45'E] | 2.– 4.3.1995 2400m | leg. Dr. R. Brechlin” / “Slide | ZSM Arct. | 2021-020 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (MWM/ ZSM) .   Paratypes. VIETNAM: 8 males, 9 females, same data as holotype, gen. prep.  Nos. : ZSM Arct. 2021  - 143♂, 2021- 144♀ (prepared by Volynkin);   3 males, 1 female, 1600m,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.73333/lat 22.283333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.283333">Mt.</a>
                 Fan-si-pan (north), Cha-pa, primary forest, 22°17'N, 103°44'E, 25–30.III.1995, V. Sinyaev &amp; A. Schintlmeister leg.  ;   1 female,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76667/lat 22.25)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.25">Mt.</a>
                 Fan-si-pan, Cha pa, 2400m, 22°15'N, 103°46'E, 8–29. V.1993, Sinyaev &amp; Simonov leg. (all in MWM/ ZSM)  . 
            </p>
            <p> Note. The detailed comparison of  T. nubes and  T. labahe is provided by Volynkin (2021). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Northern Vietnam (Lào Cai Province) (Volynkin 2021).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F77AB0204D625D23B5F41AE9FB9DFD65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): Revised status of the genus Tortrilema Volynkin with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 169-179, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.17, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.17
F77AB0204D625D20B5F418D1FBAFFDA0.text	F77AB0204D625D20B5F418D1FBAFFDA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tortribitecta labahe (Volynkin & Saldaitis 2021) Volynkin 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tortribitecta labahe (Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis, 2021) ,  comb. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 15, 16, 25)</p>
            <p> 
Manulea labahe 
Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis, 2021 , Zootaxa, 4991 (2): 393, figs. 7, 8, 22 (Type locality: “ China, W. Sichuan, road Ya’an /  Kangding , near  Labahe Nac. park”). </p>
            <p> Type material examined.   Holotype (Figs 15, 25): male, “ China, W. Sichuan | road Ya’an / Kangding | near  Labahe | Nac. park [Nat. Park] | 20.04.2010. | leg. Chen Gun ” / “Slide | AV6414 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (AFM)  .  Paratype: male, same data as holotype, gen. prep. No.: AV6413 ♂ (AFM) . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Western Sichuan Province (Southwestern China) (Volynkin &amp; Saldaitis 2021).</p>
            <p>Acknowledgements</p>
            <p>  The author expresses his sincere thanks to Axel Hausmann, Mei-Yu Chen and Ulf Buchsbaum (ZSM) for their kind assistance during visits to the collection under their care. Alessandro Floriani (Milan, Italy) is acknowledged for the data from his research collection provided.  The author also acknowledges the late  Vadim Zolotuhin (Ulyanovsk, Russia) and Vladimir  Dubatolov (Novosibirsk, Russia) for pictures of the holotype of  Tortrilema postmaculosa provided  . </p>
            <p>References</p>
            <p>Chang, B.S. (1989) Illustrated moths of Taiwan (2). The Taiwan Museum, Taipei, 480 pp. [In Chinese]</p>
            <p>Daniel, F. (1954) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Arctiidae Ostasiens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ausbeuten von Dr. h. c. H. Höne aus diesem Gebiet (Lep. Het.). Bonner zoologische Beiträge, 5, 89– 138. [In German]</p>
            <p>Fang, Ch. (1982) Arctiidae. In: Wang, P. (Ed.), Iconographia heterocerorum sinicorum. Vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 190–277, pls. 63–72. [in Chinese]</p>
            <p>Fang, C. (2000) Lepidoptera. Arctiidae. Fauna Sinica (Insecta). Vol. 19. Science Press, Beijing, 590 pp. [In Chinese with English summary]</p>
            <p>Heppner, J.B. (2012) Taiwan Lepidoptera Catalog. Supplement 1. Corrections and additions. Lepidoptera Novae, 5 (1), 1–84.</p>
            <p>Kononenko, V.S. (2010) Micronoctuidae, Noctuidae: Rivulinae – Agaristinae (Lepidoptera). Noctuidae Sibiricae. Vol. 2. Entomological Press, Sorø, 475 pp.</p>
            <p>Lafontaine, J.D. &amp; Mikkola, K. (1987) Las-och-nyckel systemen i de inre genitalierna av Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) som taksonomiska kaennetecken. [Lock-and-key systems in the inner genitalia of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) as a taxonomic character.] Entomologiske Meddelelser, 55, 161–167. [In Swedish]</p>
            <p>Matsumura, S. (1927) New species and subspecies of moths from the Japanese Empire. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, 19 (1), 1–91, pls. 1–5.</p>
            <p>Volynkin, A.V. (2021) Tortrilema, a new subgenus of the genus Manulea Wallengren with description of a new species from Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina, 48, 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.48.2</p>
            <p>Volynkin, A.V. (2024) On the terminology of the genitalia structures of lichen moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) with some references to Noctuidae. Ecologica Montenegrina, 73, 176–207. https://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.18</p>
            <p>Volynkin, A.V. &amp; Saldaitis, A. (2021) Two new species of Manulea Wallengren, 1863 from southwestern China and northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa, 4991 (2), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.12</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F77AB0204D625D20B5F418D1FBAFFDA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): Revised status of the genus Tortrilema Volynkin with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 77: 169-179, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.77.17, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.77.17
