taxonID	type	description	language	source
F70CAE07FF925232AF7DF9344E97F9BE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Neischnocolus panamanus Petrunkevitch, 1925 by monotypy.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF925232AF7DF9344E97F9BE.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Urticating setae morphology of the males and females of Neischnocolus resemble those found in Citharacanthus Pocock, 1901 by having urticating setae Subtype Id. Nevertheless, Neischnocolus can be distinguished from Citharacanthus and all other known genera of Theraphosinae by having a noticeable enlarged C 2 region, being ~ 4 – 5 times as long as C 1 region (Pérez-Miles et al. 2019: fig. 1). Males of Neischnocolus differ from all known Theraphosini genera by the distinct medial to distal dorso-retrolateral torsion of the embolus, creating a mucronate shape in conjunction with the embolus tip and the presence of an enlarged and crested intermediate keel, and pronounced and wide tegular apophysis. Females of Neischnocolus differ from all known Theraphosini genera by having wide and fused spermathecae with a pair of receptacles originating from ventro-medial surface of spermathecae (except N. parvior and N. weinmanni) and horizontal striae. Male palpal bulb morphology of Neischnocolus slightly resembles that of Jambu Miglio, Perafán & Pérez-Miles, 2024 by the presence of a pronounced and wide tegular apophysis with a medial extension over the prolateral surface of the bulb and the absence of a prolateral crease by the prolateral extension of the non-sclerotized median haematodocha. Nevertheless, males of Neischnocolus differ from those of Jambu by having urticating setae Type I (Id), a comparatively wide, short, and non-filiform embolus with a distal dorso-retrolateral torsion, the apical section of the embolus with a mucronate shape, prolateral superior and inferior keels comparatively more conspicuous, the presence of an enlarged and crested intermediate keel, two or one (in N. armihuarensis; Kaderka 2014: figs 4 – 5) developed retrolateral palpal tibial apophysis, the prolateral extension of the median haematodocha comparatively elongate and extending to the prolateral surface of the tegulum, and the absence of a paraembolic apophysis (urticating setae Type IV, comparatively thinner, elongated, and filiform embolus with a medial to distal slight ventral curvature, apical section of embolus without a mucronate shape, inconspicuous prolateral superior (if present) and inferior keels, only one weakly developed domed retrolateral palpal tibial apophysis (in J. paru; Miglio et al. 2024: fig. 1 e), prolateral extension of median haematodocha comparatively shorter and restricted to tegulum and subtegulum indentation, and absence of an enlarged and crested intermediate keel in Jambu). General spermathecae morphology of Neischnocolus resembles that of Aguapanela Perafán & Cifuentes, 2015 by having wide and fused spermathecae with a pair of ventral receptacles. Nevertheless, females of Neischnocolus differ from those of Aguapanela by having urticating setae Type I (Id), nonhypersclerotised receptacles emerging from the medial surface of the spermathecae, and the absence of stridulatory setae (urticating setae Types III and IV and hypersclerotised receptacles emerging from the distal surface of the spermathecae, plumose stridulatory setae over coxae, trochanters, and femur I – II, palpal coxa and trochanter in Aguapanela; Perafán et al. 2015: figs 7 – 12, 16).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF925232AF7DF9344E97F9BE.taxon	description	Description See Pérez-Miles et al. (2019).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF925232AF7DF9344E97F9BE.taxon	distribution	Distribution Colombia, Costa Rica, Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela (Fig. 2).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF925232AF7DF9344E97F9BE.taxon	discussion	Remarks Male and female of Neischnocolus pijaos are included within another work (Peñaherrera-R. & Guayasamin in prep.). The placement of each specimen is dubious and required further examination and comparison with an upcoming new genus.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF905233ACBFF9224F80FC5B.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 3	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF905233ACBFF9224F80FC5B.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Females of Neischnocolus amazonica resemble those of N. panamanus by having spermathecal striae converging in an incomplete arc and an inverted L-shaped guard plate. Nonetheless, they differ by having a triangular central area of spermathecae and comparatively more inconspicuous and short spermathecal striae and ventral receptacles (trapezoid central area of spermathecae and conspicuous and large spermathecal striae and ventral receptacles in N. panamanus; Lapinski et al. 2018: figs 10 – 14; Pérez-Miles et al. 2019: fig. 5).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF905233ACBFF9224F80FC5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype COLOMBIA – Amazonas • ♀; Leticia [Departamento de Amazonas, alrededores IMANI, Leticia]; 4.16972 ° S, 69.94694 ° W; elev. 100 m; 4 Nov. 2005 [Nov. 2001]; E. Flórez leg.; ICN-Ar, ICN-Ar- 1149.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF905233ACBFF9224F80FC5B.taxon	discussion	Remarks Pérez-Miles et al. (2008) described N. amazonica based on a female collected at Leticia (4.16972 ° S, 69.94694 ° W) in November 2005. These coordinates place the type locality between the towns of San Sebastián and Camilo Torres, departamento de Amazonas, Colombia. Upon examination of the holotype’s label, no such coordinates were found. Still, there was other important information about the specimen, the female holotype was collected in 2001 in the surroundings of Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones (IMANI) (georeferenced using the following coordinates: 4.19360 ° S, 69.94050 ° W) (label information available through https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 28447211).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF91523CAF62FC0F48A7FCE4.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF91523CAF62FC0F48A7FCE4.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Males of Neischnocolus armihuarensis differ from all other male congeners by having only one developed retrolateral palpal tibial apophysis (Kaderka 2014: figs 4 – 5). Males of N. armihuarensis slightly resemble those of N. cisnerosi and N. caxiuana by having an embolus straight perpendicular (dorsal curvature) to palpal organ axis and presence of a median dorsal granular area. Nevertheless, N. armihuarensis differ from N. cisnerosi and C. caxiuana by having one developed retrolateral palpal tibial apophysis, median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending over prolatero-dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of bulb, PS and PI keels weakly developed and comparatively shorter, distal portion of embolus not dilated, and prolateral accessory inferior keel absent (two developed retrolateral palpal tibial apophyses, median dorsal granular area composed of rounded spicules extending only over dorsal surface of bulb, PS and PI keels well developed and comparatively longer, distal portion of embolus dilated, and prolateral accessory inferior keel extremely weakly developed in N. cisnerosi; two developed retrolateral palpal tibial apophyses, median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending over dorso-retrolateral surfaces of bulb, PS and PI keels developed and comparatively longer, distal portion of embolus dilated, and prolateral accessory inferior keel absent in N. caxiuana) (Fig. 4; Kaderka 2014: figs 4 – 5, 7 – 10).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF91523CAF62FC0F48A7FCE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype (not examined) PERU – Departamento de Cuzco • ♂; Río Camiseta, Armihuari; 11.86425 ° S, 72.77933 ° W; elev. 577 m; May – Jun. 1997; S. Cordova leg.; MUSM-ENT, MUSM-ENT- 0506547.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9E523CACFBFCC44E49F801.taxon	description	Figs 2, 4 – 5	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9E523CACFBFCC44E49F801.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Males of N. caxiuana slightly resemble those males of N. armihuarensis and N. cisnerosi by having an embolus straight perpendicular (dorsal curvature) to palpal organ axis and presence of a median dorsal granular area. Nevertheless, they differ by having an median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending over dorso-retrolateral surfaces of bulb, PS and PI keels developed and comparatively longer, distal portion of embolus dilated, and prolateral accessory inferior keel absent (median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending over prolatero-dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of bulb, PS and PI keels weakly developed and comparatively shorter, distal portion of embolus not dilated, and prolateral accessory inferior keel absent in N. armihuarensis; median dorsal granular area composed of rounded spicules extending only over dorsal surface of bulb, PS and PI keels well-developed and comparatively longer, distal portion of embolus dilated, and prolateral accessory inferior keel extremely weakly developed in N. cisnerosi). Additionally, N. caxiuana can easily be differentiated from N. armihuarensis by the presence of two developed retrolateral palpal tibial apophyses, while the latter only presents one developed retrolateral palpal tibial apophysis. Females of N. caxiuana differ from those of other known species by having semi-circular spermathecae, spermathecal striae converging in a complete arc, extremely elongated ventral receptacles extending over the length of the spermathecae, weakly developed guard plates.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9E523CACFBFCC44E49F801.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Estado do Pará • ♂; FLONA, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna; A. P. Barreiros and L. T. Miglio leg.; MPEG (ARA), MPEG (ARA) 000994. Paratype BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; 26 May 2003; J. A. P. Barreiros and C. O. Araújo leg.; MPEG (ARA), MPEG (ARA) 000989.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9C523EAD9FFEAC4F1EFB30.taxon	description	Fig. 1 B	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9C523EAD9FFEAC4F1EFB30.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Males of Neischnocolus cisnerosi resemble those of N. armihuarensis and N. caxiuana by having an embolus straight perpendicular (dorsal curvature) to palpal organ axis and presence of a median dorsal granular area. Nevertheless, males of N. cisnerosi differ from those of N. armihuarensis by having two developed retrolateral palpal tibial apophyses, median dorsal granular area composed of rounded spicules extending only over dorsal surface of bulb, PS and PI keels developed and comparatively longer, distal portion of embolus dilated, and a prolateral accessory inferior keel extremely weakly developed (one developed retrolateral palpal tibial apophysis, median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending over prolatero-dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of bulb, PS and PI keels weakly developed and comparatively shorter, distal portion of embolus not dilated, and prolateral accessory inferior keel absent in N. armihuarensis; Kaderka 2014: figs 4 – 5, 7 – 10); from N. caxiuana by having median dorsal granular area composed of rounded spicules extending only over dorsal surface of bulb, PS and PI keels well developed and comparatively longer, distal portion of embolus dilated, and prolateral accessory inferior keel extremely weakly developed (median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending over dorso-retrolateral surfaces of bulb, PS and PI keels developed and comparatively longer, distal portion of embolus dilated, and prolateral accessory inferior keel absent in N. caxiuana; Fig. 4).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9C523EAD9FFEAC4F1EFB30.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR – Provincia de Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas • ♂; Parroquia de Santo Domingo, Reserva Otongachi — Fundación Otonga; 0.32000 ° S, 78.95000 ° W; elev. 947 m; 6 Oct. 2017; F. Velasques leg.; wet forest; ZSFQ-i, ZSFQ-i 11100.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9C523EAF59FAB0486AF83F.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9C523EAF59FAB0486AF83F.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Males of Neischnocolus iquitos resemble those of N. mecana by having an embolus with an acute angulation to palpal organ axis, intermediate keel without undulation, and absence of a median dorsal granular area. Nonetheless, males of N. iquitos differ from those of N. mecana by having well-developed prolateral superior and inferior keels, prolateral inferior keel being continuous, and coxae without ventral colour pattern (prolateral superior keel weakly developed, prolateral inferior keel disjunct and weakly developed, and coxae with ventral colour pattern in N. mecana). For diagnosis of female N. iquitos see Kaderka (2020).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9C523EAF59FAB0486AF83F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype (not examined) PERU – Departamento de Loreto • 1 ♂; Iquitos, Umaral; 3.70126 ° S, 73.09816 ° W; elev. 101 m; 20 Oct. 2017; N. Ahuanari leg.; MUSM-ENT, MUSM-ENT 0511874. Paratype (not examined) PERU • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MUSM-ENT, MUSM-ENT 0511873.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9D523FAC0EFEAC4EF3FAD8.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9D523FAC0EFEAC4EF3FAD8.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Males of N. mecana resemble those of N. iquitos by having an embolus with an acute angulation to palpal organ axis, intermediate keel without undulation, and absence of a median dorsal granular area. Nonetheless, males of N. mecana differ from those of N. iquitos by having a weakly developed prolateral superior keel, prolateral inferior keel disjunct and weakly developed, and coxae with ventral colour pattern (prolateral superior and inferior keel well-developed, prolateral inferior keel being continuous, and coxae without ventral colour pattern in N. iquitos). For diagnosis of female N. mecana see Echeverri et al. (2023).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9D523FAC0EFEAC4EF3FAD8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype (not examined) COLOMBIA – Departamento de Chocó • ♂; Jardín Botánico del Pacífico; 6.38000 ° N, 77.40000 ° W; elev. 28 m; 10 – 25 Feb. 2022; M. Echeverri, S. Gómez Torres and C. Perafán leg.; ICN [ICN-Ar?], ICN 12365. Paratype (not examined) COLOMBIA • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ICN [ICN-Ar?], ICN 12366.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9D523FAC0EFEAC4EF3FAD8.taxon	discussion	Remarks Echeverri et al. (2023) mention the presence of an apical keel; however, as we have not been able to examine this material, we are not yet sure if it is an apical keel or if it is the lower prolateral edge as Peñaherrera-R. et al. (2023) had confused in N. cisnerosi and N. tsere. Because of this, we did not include this character in the diagnosis of the species.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9D5238AC0AFA894D20FD0A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Females of N. parvior stat. rev. et comb. nov. resemble those of N. weinmanni by having spermathecal striae converging in a complete arc and absence of ventral receptacles. Nevertheless, N. parvior differs from N. weinmanni by having irregular pentagon-shaped spermathecae, I-shaped guard plate, and spermathecal striae comparatively more ordered into a horizontal orientation (rectangular spermathecae, rectangular guard plate, and spermathecal striae unordered in N. weinmanni). Additionally, females of N. parvior stat. rev. et comb. nov. slightly resemble those of N. caxiuana by having spermathecal striae converging in a complete arc. Nonetheless, N. parvior easily differs from N. caxiuana by the absence of ventral receptacles (Fig. 4; Pérez-Miles et al. 2019: fig. 7).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9D5238AC0AFA894D20FD0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype PANAMA – Provincia de Colón • ♂; Barro Colorado Island; Aug. 1928; A. M. Chickering leg.; AMNH.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9D5238AC0AFA894D20FD0A.taxon	discussion	Remarks Pérez-Miles et al. (2019) considered N. parvior stat. rev. et comb. nov. as a junior synonym of N. panamanus due to spermathecae morphologic resemblance. However, the indicated morphological variation on N. panamanus strongly indicates the conserved presence of ventral receptacles and spermathecal striae converging into an incomplete arc (Lapinski et al. 2018: figs 10 – 14; Pérez-Miles et al. 2019: fig. 5), while the holotype female of N. parvior presents striking and informative characters that support the separation of this species (i. e., loss of ventral receptacles and spermathecal striae converging in a complete arc and ordered into a horizontal orientation; Pérez-Miles et al. 2019: fig. 7). Pérez-Miles et al. (2019) indicated that the spermatheca of N. parvior was damaged by a previous worker. However, this damage is located at the dorsal surface of the spermatheca (missing; Pérez-Miles et al. 2019: cf. fig. 7), which is mainly formed by a membrane. That membrane so far does not seem to have informative characters. This would further support the previously mentioned characters for this species.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9A5238ACA6FD5F485EFB21.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9A5238ACA6FD5F485EFB21.taxon	discussion	Remarks The type material of N. obscurus is lost, searches by RG and DS on a number of occasions in both the Natural History Museum, London, and Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna [the two museums which hold what survives of the Ausserer collection] have failed to turn up the specimens. Therefore, it is impossible to clarify the taxonomy of this species until topotypic material can be collected and a neotype designated for stability. We propose N. obscurus be regarded as nomen dubium.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9A5239AC76FA824E02FDAF.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9A5239AC76FA824E02FDAF.taxon	diagnosis	Emended diagnosis Males of N. tsere resemble those of N. samonellaacademy sp. nov. by having an embolus with an acute angulation to palpal organ axis, intermediate keel without undulation, presence of a median dorsal granular area, and absence of an apical keel. Nonetheless, N. tsere differ from N. samonellaacademy by having a comparatively more elongated distal to medial extension of the embolus, prolateral superior keel well developed, prolateral inferior keel developed, elongated, and slightly serrated apically, intermediate keel slightly serrated apically and disjunct, intermediate keel emerging between spermatic pore keels, and median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending only over prolatero-dorsal surface of bulb (distal to medial extension of the embolus comparatively shorter, prolateral superior keel developed, prolateral inferior keel well developed, short, and smooth, intermediate keel smooth and continuous, intermediate keel emerging below spermatic pore keels, and median dorsal granular area composed of rounded spicules extending only over dorsal surface of bulb in N. samonellaacademy).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9A5239AC76FA824E02FDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR – Provincia de Morona Santiago • ♂; Parroquia de Morona, Río Blanco; 2.35463 ° S, 78.15171 ° W; elev. 922 m; 4 Jul. 2019; J. Falcón-Reibán and A. Recalde leg.; MECN-AR, MECN-AR- 450.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9A5239AC76FA824E02FDAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks Peñaherrera-R. et al. (2023) identified the presence of an apical keel on N. tsere as the inferior border of the apical section of the prolateral embolus surface. Nonetheless, after a second examination, we can confirm the absence of this keel.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9B5239ACE6FD3C4F82F9B2.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Males of N. valentinae easily differ from those of all known congeners by having an undulated intermediate keel. Males of N. valentinae slightly resemble those of N. samonellaacademy sp. nov. and N. tsere by having an embolus with an acute angulation to palpal organ axis, presence of a median dorsal granular area, and absence of an apical keel. Nonetheless, N. valentinae differs from N. samonellaacademy by having prolateral superior keel weakly developed, prolateral inferior keel developed and elongated, median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending only over the dorsal surface of the bulb, and comparatively having a more elongated distal to medial extension of the embolus (developed prolateral superior keel, prolateral inferior keel well developed and short, median dorsal granular area composed of rounded spicules extending only over the dorsal surface of the bulb, and distal to medial extension of the embolus comparatively shorter in N. samonellaacademy); from N. tsere by having prolateral inferior and intermediate keels smooth, intermediate keel continuous and emerging below spermatic pore keels, and median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending only over the dorsal surface of the bulb (prolateral inferior and intermediate keels slightly apically serrated, intermediate keel disjunct and emerging between spermatic pore keels, and median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending only over the prolatero-dorsal surface of the bulb in N. tsere).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9B5239ACE6FD3C4F82F9B2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype (not examined) BRAZIL – Estado do Amazonas • ♂; Manaus, Fazenda Experimental da UFAM; 2.63000 ° S, 60.05000 ° W; elev. 68 m; 1 Jul. 2018; M. Q. Almeida leg.; INPA, INPA (9074). Paratypes (not examined) BRAZIL • 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; INPA, INPA (9075).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9B523BAF67F9374E64F991.taxon	description	Figs 2, 6 – 7	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9B523BAF67F9374E64F991.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis Males of N. weinmanni resemble those of N. yupanquii by having an embolus with an acute angulation to palpal organ axis, developed prolateral superior keel, and intermediate keel denticulate and continuous. Nonetheless, N. weinmanni differs from N. yupanquii by having a comparatively well developed and elongated prolateral inferior keel, intermediate keel emerging below spermatic pore keels, intermediate keel basally denticulate, and absence of an apical keel and median dorsal granular area (comparatively developed and shorter prolateral inferior keel, intermediate keel emerging between spermatic pore keels, intermediate keel overall denticulate, median dorsal granular area extending over dorsal surface, and developed and denticulate apical keel in N. yupanquii). Females of N. weinmanni resemble those of N. parvior stat. rev. et comb. nov. by having spermathecal striae converging in a complete arc and absence of ventral receptacles. Nevertheless, N. weinmanni differs from N. parvior by having rectangular spermathecae, rectangular guard plate, and spermathecal striae unordered (irregular pentagon-shaped spermathecae, I-shaped guard plate, and spermathecal striae comparatively more ordered into a horizontal orientation in N. parvior).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9B523BAF67F9374E64F991.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype VENEZUELA – Estado de Mérida • ♂; La Azulital; 7.27160 ° N, 71.94020 ° W; elev. 261 m; 26 Sep. 2002; D. Weinmann leg.; FC-MY. Paratype VENEZUELA • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; FC-MY.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF9B523BAF67F9374E64F991.taxon	discussion	Remarks During the examination of the paratype female of N. weinmanni, we noted that the spermatheca was damaged by a previous examinator.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF995225ACFAF9D24E64FCE5.taxon	description	Figs 1 A, 2, 8 – 9	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF995225ACFAF9D24E64FCE5.taxon	diagnosis	Emended diagnosis Males of N. yupanquii resemble those of N. weinmanni by having an embolus with an acute angulation to palpal organ axis, developed prolateral superior keel, intermediate keel denticulate and continuous, and presence of a median dorsal granular area. Nonetheless, N. yupanquii differs from N. weinmanni by comparatively developed and shorter prolateral inferior keel, intermediate keel emerging between spermatic pore keels, intermediate keel overall denticulate, median dorsal granular area extending over dorsal surface, developed and denticulate apical keel (comparatively having a well-developed and elongated prolateral inferior keel, intermediate keel emerging below spermatic pore keels, intermediate keel basally denticulate, and absence of an apical keel and median dorsal granular area in N. weinmanni).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF995225ACFAF9D24E64FCE5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR – Provincia de Pastaza • ♂; near Puyo; 1.50000 ° S, 77.96000 ° W; elev. 934 m; 2001; P. Stevens leg.; OUMNH, OUMNH- 2010 - 033. Paratype REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; OUMNH, OUMNH- 2010 - 033.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF995225ACFAF9D24E64FCE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks During the examination of the paratype female of N. yupanquii, we noted that the spermatheca was damaged by a previous examinator.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF875227AD8EFCC64D1FFA8E.taxon	description	Females of N. tiputini sp. nov. resemble those of N. moraspungo sp. nov. by having rectangular spermathecae and spermathecal striae converging in a complete arc and collapsing between digitiform ventral receptacles. Nonetheless, N. tiputini differs from N. moraspungo by having comparatively shorter spermathecae, weakly developed inverted L-shaped guard plates, spermathecal striae conspicuous, as well as longer and wider ventral receptacles extending over the length of the spermathecae (comparatively more elongated spermathecae, developed inverted L-shaped guard plates, spermathecal striae inconspicuous, and short and narrower ventral receptacles in N. moraspungo).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF875227AD8EFCC64D1FFA8E.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet tiputini is a noun in apposition and refers to the type locality of the species. The Tiputini Biodiversity Station (TBS) is a research station on the northern bank of the Tiputini River, within the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador. This station, managed by the Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, is one of the most important research sites in the upper Amazon basin and one of the most biodiverse regions in the world.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF875227AD8EFCC64D1FFA8E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR – Provincia de Orellana • ♀; Parroquia Tiputini, Tiputini Biodiversity Station; 0.63593 ° S, 76.15811 ° W; elev. 220 m; 23 Jul. 2023; A. Guerrero-Campoverde leg.; ZSFQ-i, ZSFQ- 20415.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF875227AD8EFCC64D1FFA8E.taxon	description	Description (holotype, ♀, ZSFQ-i 20415) Total length: 24.37. Carapace length 11.03, width 10.08. Abdomen length 13.34, width 11.34. Eyes: anterior eye rows slightly recurved; AME: 0.36, ALE: 0.18, PME: 0.22, PLE: 0.15, AME – AME: 0.37, AME – ALE: 0.16, PME – PME: 0.92, PME – PLE: 0.08, AlE – PLE: 0.23, OQ length: 0.89, width: 1.83, clypeus: 0.25. Fovea slightly deep straight. Chelicerae: 13 promarginal teeth and 12 denticles. Labium: length 1.18, width 1.52, with 16 cuspules. Maxillae: 41 – 21 cuspules on inner third. Sternum: length: 4.77, width: 4.03. Legs: formula 4123, total length: I 22.91, II 20.50, III 19.20, IV 25.94; leg (femur / patella / tibia / metatarsus / tarsus) and pedipalp (femur / patella / tibia / cymbium) article lengths: I 7.62 / 2.78 / 5.97 / 3.53 / 3.01, II 7.06 / 2.31 / 5.29 / 3.24 / 2.60, III 5.86 / 1.47 / 5.10 / 3.69 / 3.08, IV 8.01 / 2.34 / 6.01 / 6.17 / 3.41 palp 5.76 / 2.07 / 4.53 / 3.80. Scopula: tarsi I – III scopulated and tarsi IV slightly scopulated, metatarsi I – II scopulated, metatarsi III distal half slightly scopulated, metatarsi IV not scopulated. Metatarsi I – II distally divided by rhomboidal group of setae; tarsi III almost divided by thicker setae than tarsi I – II; tarsi IV fully divided by a line of longer and thicker setae than tarsi III. Metatarsus: I 60 %, II 50 %, III 25 %, IV 0 %, absent. Legs and pedipalp spination: femora and patellae I – IV and palp 0. Tibiae I 2 V, II 2 V, 1 P, 1 D; III 3 V, 2 P, 1 D; IV 3 V, 1 R, 1 P, 2 D; palp 4 V. Metatarsi; I, 2 V; II, 4 V; III, 4 V, 1 P, 2 R, 4 D; IV, 10 V, 1 R, 3 D. Tarsi I – IV and palp, 0. Spermathecae (Fig. 10): rectangular spermatheca with two short ventral receptacles not extending over the length of this structure. At least ten spermathecal striae are present and conspicuous; all of them converge in a complete arc and collapsing between the ventral receptacles. weakly developed inverted L-shaped guard plates present. Live colouration (Fig. 11): carapace, abdomen and legs overall dark orange, covered by long orange setae; abdomen with dorsal anterior brown dot; tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus progressively becoming darker.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF875227AD8EFCC64D1FFA8E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history Currently known only from its type locality, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, in the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador, at 220 m, province of Orellana, Ecuador. The holotype was collected in Lowland Evergreen Forest in the Napo biogeographic province (Morrone 2014).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF875227AD8EFCC64D1FFA8E.taxon	discussion	Remarks Regarding the most morphologically similar species, N. moraspungo sp. nov., in comparison with N. tiputini sp. nov., we can consider several biogeographic factors that further support the recognition of both as distinct species and reject the possibility that they represent a single species. The type localities of the two species are separated by approximately 340 km. Between these localities lie several significant large-scale geographical barriers, including the Cordillera Occidental and Cordillera Oriental of the Andes of Ecuador, the Inter-Andean Depression, and the Napo Uplift. Each of these large-scale barriers provides numerous valleys originating across different altitudinal gradients and volcanic complexes, which promotes short-ranged endemism through isolation and diversification of niche, microclimate, and microecosystem structures (see Polato et al. 2018; Rahbek et al. 2019). These short- and large-ranged barriers promote speciation. Furthermore, members of the genus Neischnocolus, as well as other genera within the tribe Theraphosini, are known to exhibit restricted geographic distributions. This pattern of limited dispersal further supports the interpretation that N. moraspungo and N. tiputini represent separate lineages.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF855221AD82FAD34F3CFA3D.taxon	description	Females of N. moraspungo sp. nov. resemble those of N. tiputini sp. nov. by having rectangular spermathecae and spermathecal striae converging in a complete arc and collapsing between digitiform ventral receptacles. Nonetheless, N. moraspungo differs from N. tiputini by having comparatively more elongated spermathecae, developed inverted L-shaped guard plates, spermathecal striae inconspicuous, and short and thinner ventral receptacles (comparatively shorter spermathecae, weakly developed inverted L-shaped guard plates, spermathecal striae conspicuous, as well as longer and wider ventral receptacles extending over the length of the spermathecae in N. tiputini).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF855221AD82FAD34F3CFA3D.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet moraspungo is a noun in apposition derived from the name of the parish Moraspungo where the type locality is placed – a region within canton Pangua, Ecuador. The name also pays homage to the dedicated efforts of the Frente de Defensa del Agua, la Vida y la Naturaleza del Cantón Pangua, a grassroot organization actively opposing mining activities in the area. This community-driven group, formed by local farmers and rural residents, exemplifies unity and commitment to defending their land, water, and ecosystems, often through peaceful protests and collective action.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF855221AD82FAD34F3CFA3D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR – Provincia de Cotopaxi • ♀; Cantón Pangua, Hacienda La Mariela; 1.08560 ° S, 79.18410 ° W; elev. 760 m; 27 Feb. 2023; M. López-García, J. Montalvo, D. Brito-Zapata and C. Reyes-Puig leg.; ZSFQ-i, ZSFQ-i 21330.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF855221AD82FAD34F3CFA3D.taxon	description	Description (holotype, ♀, ZSFQ-i 21330) Total length: 24.14. Carapace length 11.50, width 11.50. Abdomen length 14.05, width 11.50. Eyes: anterior slightly recurved; AME: 0.29, ALE: 0.16, PME: 0.20, PLE: 0.09, AME – AME: 0.43, AME – ALE: 0.21, PME – PME: 0.93, PME – PLE: 0.14, AlE – PLE: 0.20, OQ length: 1.79, width: 0.82, clypeus: 0.28. Fovea deep, recurved. Chelicerae: 11 promarginal teeth and 9 denticles. Labium: length 1.40, width 1.87, with 14 cuspules. Maxillae: 45 – 48 cuspules on inner third. Sternum: length: 4.85, width: 4.35. Legs: formula 4123, total length: I, II, III, IV; leg (femur / patella / tibia / metatarsus / tarsus) and pedipalp (femur / patella / tibia / cymbium) article lengths: I 7.65 / 5.60 / 6.10 / 4.50 / 4.05, II 7.25 / 5.05 / 4.90 / 3.85 / 3.90, III 6.20 / 4.50 / 4.90 / 5.20 / 3.70, IV 7.70 / 5.30 / 6.50 / 7.95 / 4.00 palp 5.55 / 4.65 / 4.85 / 5.10. Scopula: tarsi I – II densely scopulated, tarsi III – IV slightly scopulated. Tarsi and metatarsi I – II not divided by a rhomboidal group of setae; tarsi III partially divided by rhomboidal setae; tarsi IV completely divided. Metatarsi III and IV absent thicker setae. Metatarsus: I 100 %, II 50 %, III 40 %, IV 0 %, absent. Legs and pedipalp spination: femora and patellae I – IV and palp 0. Tibiae I 2 V; II 2 V; III 2 V, 2 P; IV 2 V, 1 R, 3 P; palp 2 V – 2 P. Metatarsi I 2 V; II 2 V- 2 R; III 4 V, 2 P, 2 R, 2 D; IV 8 V, 2 P, 5 R, 2 D. Tarsi I – IV and palp, 0. Spermathecae (Fig. 12): rectangular spermatheca with two extremely short ventral receptacles not extending over the length of this structure. Spermathecal striae are present but inconspicuous; all of them converge in a complete arc and collapsing between the ventral receptacles. Developed inverted L-shaped guard plates present. Live colouration (Fig. 13): carapace, abdomen and legs overall black, covered by long reddish setae and short coppery setae; abdomen with dorsal anterior black dot.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF855221AD82FAD34F3CFA3D.taxon	distribution	Distribution Currently known only from its type locality, Hacienda La Mariela, on the western foothills of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes, at 760 m, province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. The examined specimen was collected in Foothill Evergreen Forest of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes in the Western Ecuador biogeographic province (Morrone 2014).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF83522CAD91F9AE4DBAFCC8.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 0878822 D-B 753 - 4 E 3 C-B 2 BB-E 93 DE 16 D 9739 Figs 2, 14 – 16	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF83522CAD91F9AE4DBAFCC8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of N. samonellaacademy sp. nov. resemble those of N. tsere by having an embolus with an acute angulation to palpal organ axis, intermediate keel without undulation, presence of a median dorsal granular area, and absence of an apical keel. Nonetheless, N. samonellaacademy differ from N. tsere by comparatively having shorter distal to medial extension of the embolus, prolateral superior keel developed, prolateral inferior keel well developed, short, and smooth, retrolateral superior keel developed, intermediate keel smooth and continuous, intermediate keel emerging below spermatic pore keels, and median dorsal granular area composed of rounded spicules extending only over dorsal surface of bulb (comparatively having more elongated distal to medial extension of the embolus, prolateral superior keel well developed, prolateral inferior keel developed, elongated, and slightly serrated apically, intermediate keel slightly serrated apically and disjunct, intermediate keel emerging between spermatic pore keels, and median dorsal granular area composed of spiky spicules extending only over prolatero-dorsal surface of bulb, retrolateral superior keel absent in N. tsere).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF83522CAD91F9AE4DBAFCC8.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet samonellaacademy pays homage to Samuel Andrew Miller, as an apposition, creator of the popular and humorous educational YouTube channel Sam O’Nella Academy. Sam often uses crudely drawn animations and stick figures to deliver unconventional knowledge on various intriguing topics. The species name is a response to his request in timestamp 5: 24 of “ Where Animals’ Scientific Names Come From ”, where he states [referring to having a species named in his honour]: “ If that gives any of you epic biologists out there any ideas, you know, I wouldn’t be opposed ”, and “ Please, I would do anything, for the love of God, I will even take a lichen ”. This tribute immortalises his unique contribution to science communication and humour, capturing the spirit of curiosity and creativity that inspires audiences worldwide.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF83522CAD91F9AE4DBAFCC8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR – Provincia de Zamora Chinchipe • ♂; Cantón Paquisha, Río Blanco; 3.90075 ° S, 78.51787 ° W; elev. 1700 m; 10 Aug. 2023; A. Hurtado and P. Peñaherrera-R. leg.; ZSFQ-i, ZSFQ-i 21619.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF83522CAD91F9AE4DBAFCC8.taxon	description	Description (holotype, ♂, ZSFQ-i 21619) Total length: 15.91. Carapace length 7.55, width 6.80. Abdomen length 8.30, width 4.52. Eyes: anterior and posterior eye rows slightly recurved; AME: 0.17, ALE: 0.39, PME: 0.15, PLE: 0.17, AME – AME: 0.23, AME – ALE: 0.09, PME – PME: 0.53, PME – PLE: 0.13. AlE – PLE: 0.22, OQ length: 0.70, width: 1.50, clypeus: 0.27. Fovea deep, slightly procurved. Chelicerae: 9 promarginal teeth and 17 denticles. Labium: length 0.55, width 1.17, with 6 cuspules. Maxillae: 20 – 21 cuspules on inner third. Sternum: length: 3.77, width: 3.02. Legs: formula 4123, total length: I, II, III, IV; leg (femur / patella / tibia / metatarsus / tarsus) and pedipalp (femur / patella / tibia / cymbium) article lengths: I 6.85 / 3.45 / 7.51 / 4.85 / 3.81, II 7.20 / 2.88 / 6.07 / 4.76 / 3.77, III 6.34 / 1.76 / 5.44 / 5.63 / 3.53, IV 8.35 / 2.02 / 7.14 / 9.07 / 4.28 palp 4.82 / 2.15 / 4.29 / 1.63. Tibia I with paired distal proventral tibial apophyses with one short and wide spine on inner side of each branch (Fig. 14). Palpal tibia with two small distal conical processes, both processes point towards each other (Fig. 15). Scopula: tarsi I – IV slightly scopulated, tarsi I – II distally divided by rhomboidal group of setae; tarsi III almost divided by thicker setae than tarsi I – II; tarsi IV fully divided by a line of longer, thicker setae than tarsi III. Metatarsus: I 30 %, II 25 %, III 25 %, IV 0 %, absent. Legs and pedipalp spination: femora and patellae I – IV and palp 0. Tibiae I 1 V; II 2 V; III 3 V, 1 P, 1 R; IV 3 V, 1 R, 1 P; palp 0. Metatarsi; I 2 V; II, 4 V; III, 6 V, 2 P, 1 R, 2 D; IV, 9 V, 2 P, 2 R, 2 D. Tarsi I – IV and palp, 0. Palpal bulb (Figs 2, 16) with a strong retrolateral distal curvature. MDGA composed of rounded spicules extending only over dorsal surface of bulb. Developed rounded TH; IM, PS, and PI keels well-developed, RS keel developed, RI and SA keel absent.	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
F70CAE07FF83522CAD91F9AE4DBAFCC8.taxon	distribution	Distribution Currently known only from its type locality, Río Blanco, in the Cóndor sub-Andean Cordillera, at 1700 m, province of Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador. The examined specimen was collected in Low Montane Evergreen Forest of the Cordillera del Cóndor-Kutukú, Northern Andes biogeographic province (Morrone 2014).	en	Peñaherrera-R, Pedro, Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel, León-E, Roberto J., Gabriel, Ray, Sherwood, Danniella, Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2025): Revisiting the tarantula genus Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae, Theraphosidae): new insights on male palpal bulb morphology and description of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 19-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3079, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3079/13731
