taxonID	type	description	language	source
FD5387BDFFDFFFC827A6FC95FBB26ACE.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Tomaspis parana Distant, by original designation.	en	Paladini, Andressa, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro (2010): Taxonomic review of Sphenoclypeana and cladistic analysis of Ischnorhinini (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). Zootaxa 2502: 24-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195839
FD5387BDFFDFFFC827A6FC95FBB26ACE.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Tomaspis consanguinea Distant, by original designation. Homonymy: Guarania Nast, 1951: 58; name pre-occupied by Guarania Carvalho & China, 1951. Head with punctures, tylus and vertex with median carina, basal body of flagellum longer than pedicel, conical and elongated, with group of coeloconic and basiconic sensilla distributed across surface (Fig. 27), arista absent at apex of basal body (if present, small, inconspicuous and visible only with optical or electron microscope; Fig. 28 a), pedicel with long and abundant setae, postclypeus in ventral view weakly compressed with angled profile, lateral ridge of postclypeus arched and weakly marked, longitudinal carina of postclypeus narrow and not forming a triangle in apex with tylus, rostrum reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum curved in profile, with median carina present and complete, anterior margin straight, lateral-anterior margins straight, lateral-posterior margins sinuous, and posterior margin grooved, humeral angles rounded, scutellum concave. Tegmina narrow with prominent venation. Wings hyaline, fuliginous, vein Cu 1 thickened at base. Hind tibia with two lateral spines, basal spine smaller than those of apical crown and the apical one of equal size, apical crown with two rows, basitarsus with two rows of 7 – 12 spines covered with long setae, subunguiel process present (Fig. 32). Pygofer with one process at lateral margin between anal tube and subgenital plates, these wide with round apex, short in relation to pygofer; parameres subrectangular with dorsal elevation developed, apical spine sclerotized, directed backward; aedeagus cylindrical, with apex expanded, with pair of apical spiniform processes.	en	Paladini, Andressa, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro (2010): Taxonomic review of Sphenoclypeana and cladistic analysis of Ischnorhinini (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). Zootaxa 2502: 24-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195839
FD5387BDFFDFFFC827A6FC95FBB26ACE.taxon	description	Redescription. Head black, wider than length of vertex, vertex narrow, with punctures and scarce pubescence; supra-antennal margin black, tylus black, quadrangular, with median carina; ocelli brown, separated by about one ocellar diameter, closer to each other than to eyes and posterior margin of head, darkbrown eyes, prominent and arranged transversely; antennae with pedicel black, visible dorsally, with thick set of setae; postclypeus black, inflated with angled profile forming straight or obtuse angle, longitudinal carina well marked and prominent; anteclypeus black, rostrum blackish-brown. Pronotum black, with red longitudinal band along lateral-anterior margins and another longitudinal red band located in the middle portion on posterior half of median carina, which may vary in thickness, hexagonal, with some wrinkles, humeral angles rounded, scutellum black, with strong median concavity and horizontal ridges slightly marked. Tegmina finely punctured, red with two longitudinal black bands: one extending from costal margin to apical margin, wider in section on veins R 2 + R 3, another extending transversally from vein M to vein A 2, but not reaching anal margin, extending longitudinally from base of the wing to top of apical third, M and Cu 1 united in basal third, A 1 and A 2, present and distinct, apical reticulation reduced. Wings with venation reddishbrown. Legs long and slender, with articular regions reddish-black; hind legs: femur with inconspicuous spine on inner face, tibia elongated, apical crown of tibia with 15 spines distributed in two rows; basitarsus with about 10 apical spines, distributed in one row, covered by one layer of long bristles; subunguiel process present similar to another tarsal claw (Fig. 32). Male genitalia. Pygofer black (Fig. 13), with rounded lateral process between anal tube and subgenital plates (Fig. 13); parameres subrectangular with apex long and curved with an apical spine turned backward, dorsal elevation developed and rounded forming a ridge, dorsal margin and with a set of setae (Fig. 17); aedeagus cylindrical with apex enlarged, slightly bi-lobed with two apical spiniform processes in each lobe, shaft with slight curvature and one spiniform process located at beginning of middle third (Figs. 14 and 15). Female genitalia. First valve of ovipositor long and slender with acute apex and basal process developed, rounded, turned back (Fig. 16), second valve long and slender, knife-shaped, dorsal margin without teeth (Fig. 16 b), third valve short and wide, with long setae ventrally (Fig. 16 c).	en	Paladini, Andressa, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro (2010): Taxonomic review of Sphenoclypeana and cladistic analysis of Ischnorhinini (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). Zootaxa 2502: 24-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195839
FD5387BDFFDFFFC827A6FC95FBB26ACE.taxon	discussion	Comments. The similarity between the species of Sphenoclypeana was highlighted by most authors who studied the genus: Distant, 1909 in the description of Tomaspis brasiliensis commented that the postclypeus is very similar to Tomaspis chapada. “ ... face black, in structure resembling that of the previously described species T. chapada … ” According to Nast, 1951 the only specimen of the type series of S. haematina was missing its abdomen (fig. 10) and the species of the genus are difficult to distinguish, particularly in the correspondence of males and females. None of the specimens examined by Nast corresponded exactly in respect to color (common in Cercopidae) with the holotype, and there may be melanic forms (Fig. 12). Still, Nast, 1951 stated that the four existing species of Sphenoclypeana are very close and that the differences between S. chapada and S. brasiliensis are not very great and there is a wide variation in color patterns. He suggested that a larger amount of material be examined to describe the variability and improve species delimitation. Therefore, the proposal of synonymy between the two species was justified taking into account the great similarity and the low variability of the male genitalia. One of the only variations observed was a difference in the size of the apex of the aedeagus (described by Nast, 1951 Figs. 7 and 8), occurring in specimens from the same locality. Transcript of the original description, translated from German to English (by Carvalho & Webb, 2005): 1) “ C. haematina m. fronte compressa, angulata, atra, collari elytrisque sanguineis, tibiis posticis unidentatis. Habitat in Brasília. ” Almost an inch long, black. The frons blood red with sharp black longitudinal carina. The head black, the eyes grey. The pronotum blood red, with strongly upturned lateral margin and two deep blackish anterior pits. The scutellum black with reddish tip. The elytra blood red, fore and hind margin with narrow black edge. The wings black. The metatibiae with a spine under the middle.	en	Paladini, Andressa, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro (2010): Taxonomic review of Sphenoclypeana and cladistic analysis of Ischnorhinini (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). Zootaxa 2502: 24-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195839
FD5387BDFFDFFFC827A6FC95FBB26ACE.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. Brasil: Minas Gerais: Ibiá, 11 – 20. X. 1965, Claudionor Elias leg. 83 e 6 Ƥ; idem: 20. XI. 1977. sem coletor, 1 Ƥ; Araxá, 6. XI. 1965, A. M. Sakakibara leg. 23, 2 Ƥ; Passos, 20 – 25. XI. 1961, A. M. Sakakibara leg. 13, 1 Ƥ; Corinto, 15. XII. 1979, Claudionor Elias leg. 23, 1 Ƥ, Serra do Cipó, 25. XI. 2006, A. M. Sakakibara leg. 1 Ƥ; Bahia: Encruzilhada, 960 m, XI. 1962, Alvarenga & Seabra leg. 23 Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, 19 – 21. XI. 1983, Excursão Departamento de Zoologia (Polonoroeste) leg. 13, 2 Ƥ; Goiânia: Sta. Rita do Araguaia, XII. 1963, M. Alvarenga leg. 13; São Paulo: Pedregulho, 8. XI. 1962, Claudionor Elias leg. 13; Paraná: Jaguariaiva, 3. XI. 1972, Pe. Moure leg. 13, 1 Ƥ.	en	Paladini, Andressa, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro (2010): Taxonomic review of Sphenoclypeana and cladistic analysis of Ischnorhinini (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). Zootaxa 2502: 24-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195839
FD5387BDFFD2FFCA27A6FE08FC9E6BA0.taxon	description	Redescription. Head red, wider than length of vertex, vertex black, narrow and smooth with fine setae; ocelli reddish, separated by about a diameter of one of them, closer to each other than to eyes and posterior margin of head, eyes prominent and arranged transversely; antennae blackish, visible dorsally, pedicel with a layer of setae long and abundant; postclypeus red, inflated, angled in profile, forming a straight or obtuse angle, longitudinal carina well marked, narrow and prominent; tylus quadrangular, red, with longitudinal carina well marked, smooth and covered by fine pilosity; rostrum blackish-red. Pronotum red, hexagonal with two black spot in anterior portion near dorsal margin, smooth with a few setae; scutellum blackish, with median concavity and transverse ridges strongly marked. Tegmina finely punctured, red with three black longitudinal bands: one parallel to costal margin (reaching this margin only in the middle third of its length), the second located between veins M and Cu 1 extending from middle third of these to apex of tegmina, the third occupying middle portion of the clavus, M and Cu 1 united in basal third, A 1 and A 2, present and distinct, apical reticulation reduced. Wings with venation reddish-brown. Legs long and slender, red-blackish, hind legs: femur with inconspicuous spine on the inner face, tibia elongated apical crown with 15 – 20 apical spines, distributed in two rows; basitarsus approximately with 10 – 17 apical spines distributed in two rows, covered with a layer of long and scarce setae; subunguiel process present, similar to another tarsal claw. Male genitalia. Pygofer black with a finger-like process between anal tube and subgenital plates (Fig. 22), these short in relation to pygofer with round apex; parameres subrectangular with apex long and curved Cshaped, apical spine acute and directed back, dorsal elevation developed and rounded (Fig. 26); aedeagus cylindrical with apex enlarged compared to shaft, two spiniform processes, inserted laterally just below apex, shaft with a slight curvature and one dorsal process, inserted at the beginning of the apical third (Figs. 23 and 24). Female genitalia. First valve of ovipositor long and slender with acute apex and basal process developed, rounded, turned back (Fig. 25); second valve long and slender, knife-shaped, dorsal margin smooth without teeth (Fig. 25 b), third valve short and wide, with long setae ventrally (Fig. 25 c).	en	Paladini, Andressa, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro (2010): Taxonomic review of Sphenoclypeana and cladistic analysis of Ischnorhinini (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). Zootaxa 2502: 24-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195839
FD5387BDFFD2FFCA27A6FE08FC9E6BA0.taxon	discussion	Comments. In the description of Tomaspis consanguinea, Distant noted its resemblance to T. parana differentiating the species by the size of the tegmina and some features related to coloration: “ Allied to T. parana, Distant, but the tegmina comparatively shorter and broader, not quite three times longer than broad; head and pronotum sanguineous, without black markings; scutellum and legs wholly sanguineous; tegmina similarly fascited as in T. parana ”. Nast (1951) in the redescription of Guarania parana cited the similarity in color with the tegmina of Guarania conanguinea: “ G. parana is in coloration of forewing very similar to G. consanguinea, but the black pattern is more strongly developed ... ”. Again the proposal of synonymy between these two species is considered valid and justified.	en	Paladini, Andressa, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro (2010): Taxonomic review of Sphenoclypeana and cladistic analysis of Ischnorhinini (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). Zootaxa 2502: 24-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195839
FD5387BDFFD2FFCA27A6FE08FC9E6BA0.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. Brasil: Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, 16. XI. 1967, C. T. & C. Elias leg. 1 Ƥ. São Paulo: Ubatuba, 14. XII. 1990, A. M. Sakakibara leg. 1 Ƥ, São Sebastião, XI. 1956, sem coletor, 1 Ƥ. Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, 07. XII. 1990, M. A. Pagani leg., 13. Paraná: Tibagi, Salto da Conceição, XI. 1956, sem coletor, 13; 15 km a SE de Tibagi, Fazenda Santa Lídia, Iapó das Pedras, 24 º 31 ’ S 50 º 17 ’ W 990 m, 29. XI. 2003, Melo & J. Prado leg. 1 Ƥ; Tibagí, Parque Estadual Guartelá, 06. XII. 2009, P. C. Grossi leg. 13; Curitiba, 03. IX. 1983, Trigueiro leg. 1 Ƥ. Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, 02. XII. 1985, G. S. Carvalho leg., 2 Ƥ; idem, X. 1991, G. S. Carvalho leg. 13; idem, 20. XI. 1979, Butignol leg., 23; idem, 14. XI. 1979, G. S. Carvalho leg., 13; idem, 04. XII. 1980, Inácio leg., 13; idem, 21. XI. 1969, Oliveira leg., 1 Ƥ; idem, 27. XI. 1984, H. Janke leg., 1 Ƥ; idem, 09. XII. 2005, A. Paladini leg., 1 Ƥ; idem, 23. XI. 2003, W. S. Azevedo-Filho leg. 1 Ƥ; idem, 14. X. 2005, G. S. Leal leg. 1 Ƥ; idem, 15. XII. 2005; A. Paladini leg. 1 Ƥ; Santa Maria, 28. X. 1978, L. C. Becker leg., 13, Restinga Seca 08. XI. 1978, L. D. Paul leg., 1 Ƥ, Viamão, 12. XII. 1991 A. F. R. Rech leg., 1 Ƥ, Estrela, RGA. Brackes leg. 1 Ƥ, Guaíba, Sítio Matzenbacker, 20. XI. 2004, A. P. Pinto leg., 13, 2 Ƥ, São Francisco de Paula, Pró Mata, 10.11.1997, Koehler leg., 13; idem, 6. I. 2000, Johan Ketterl leg., 1 Ƥ, Montenegro, 29. X. 2010, 29 º 30 ’ S, 51 º 28 ’ W, A. Paladini leg.	en	Paladini, Andressa, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro (2010): Taxonomic review of Sphenoclypeana and cladistic analysis of Ischnorhinini (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). Zootaxa 2502: 24-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195839
