Strategus aloeus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Scarabaeus aloëus Linnaeus 1758: 345 (North America)

= Strategus julianus Burmeister 1847: 133 (Mexico - LECTOTYPE)

Distribution. Guyana: Erichson 1848: 561; Bodkin 1919: 214; Ratcliffe 1976: 107; Endrödi 1985a: 603, 614; Gasca-Álvarez and Ratcliffe 2011: 32. Suriname: Endrödi 1976: 136; Ratcliffe 1976: 107; Gasca- Álvarez and Ratcliffe 2011: 32; MHCN; NZCS; RMNH. French Guiana: Endrödi 1976: 136; Ratcliffe 1976: 107; Brûlé et al. 2011a: 192; Duranton 2011: 22; Gasca-Álvarez and Ratcliffe 2011: 32; Ponchel 2011: 61; Dupuis 2016b: 110; MHCN. “Guianas”: Arrow 1937b: 74; Blackwelder 1944: 257. Brazil (NA): Blackwelder 1944: 257; Endrödi 1976: 136 (NA), 1985a: 603, 614; Ratcliffe 1976: 107 (NA); Andreazze and Fonseca 1998: 62 (NA); Gasca-Álvarez et al. 2008: 43 (NA); Gasca-Álvarez and Fonseca 2009: 721 (NA); Gasca-Álvarez and Ratcliffe 2011: 32; Ratcliffe et al. 2013: 394. Venezuela (EO): Arrow 1937b: 74; Blackwelder 1944: 257; Endrödi 1976: 136 (EO), 1985a: 603, 614; Ratcliffe 1976: 107 (EO); Gasca- Álvarez and Ratcliffe 2011: 32. “Amazon Basin”: Arrow 1937b: 74. Other: Linnaeus 1758: 345 (North America - as Scarabaeus aloëus); Burmeister 1847: 133 (Mexico - as S. julianus); Arrow 1937b: 74, 76 (Colombia, Mexico - as S. aloeus; Grenada, Mexico, Panama, U.S.A. - as S. julianus); Blackwelder 1944: 257 (Colombia, Mexico - as S. aloeus; Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A. - as S. julianus); Endrödi 1973: 15 (Mexico - designation LECTOTYPE Scarabaeus julianus), 1976: 136 (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Curaçao, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago - as S. aloeus aloeus; Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A. - as S. aloeus julianus), 1985a: 603, 614, 615 (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago as - S. aloeus aloeus; Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U.S.A. - as S. aloeus julianus); Ratcliffe 1976: 107 (Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, U.S.A.); Lachaume 1992: 43 (Argentina–U.S.A.); Gasca-Álvarez and Ratcliffe 2011: 32 (Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, U.S.A.); Ratcliffe et al. 2013: 394 (Brazil/Bolivia–U.S.A.).

Note. Endrödi (1976: 138) and Ratcliffe (1976: 107) were apparently unaware of each other’s work before publication, resulting in Strategus julianus being made both a subspecies (by Endrödi) and a synonym (by Ratcliffe) of S. aloeus . Each author adhered to his own interpretation in subsequent works. Here, we follow Ratcliffe (1976) in his view of S. julianus as a synonym of S. aloeus .