CHRYSOPA NIGRICORNIS Burmeister, 1839

Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister, 1839: 980 . Type: NORTH AMERICA; original designation; male, Berlin (Penny et al. 1997).

SYNONYMY PERTAINING TO CANADA

Chrysopa columbiana: Smith 1932: 585; Spencer 1942: 27; Bickley and MacLeod 1956: 190 [part].

Chrysopa crotchi: Banks 1938: 76; Spencer 1942: 27; Bickley and MacLeod 1956: 197.

Chrysopa majuscula: Gibson 1912: 110; 1914: 127; Smith 1932: 597; Spencer 1942: 27; Bickley and MacLeod 1956: 195.

Chrysopa lineaticornis: Penny et al. 1997: 48 [part].

Chrysopa nigricornis: Provancher 1877a: 120–121; 1877b: 203, 205; Banks 1903: 149–150; Gibson 1912: 110; 1915: 149; Smith 1932: 584; Putman 1932b: 121–126; 1937: 29–37; Spencer 1942: 27; Garlick 1955: 282, 326–327, 329; Bickley and MacLeod 1956: 190; Bram and Bickley 1963: 9–10; Throne 1971: 69; Garland 1982 [1984]: 133–142, 308–314, Figs. 42–47, 73, 74, Map 9; 1984: 93; 1985a: 737–751; Penny et al. 1997: 49–50; Garland 2000: 39.

Meleoma signoretti: Smith 1932: 584 [part]; Spencer 1942: 26 [part].

CANADA: T = 267 (122♂, 129♀, 16?). FIRST RECORD: QC: 1♂, Montreal, 21.vi.1875 (H.H. Lyman) [LEM 47]. FLIGHT PERIOD: May 9 (1921; Victoria BC)–October 24 (1951; Montreal QC).

46. Recorded without data by Smith (1932) and Spencer (1942); specimen was not available to Garland (1982 [1984]: 156), but it has since been located (CNC).

AB: T = 4 (1♂, 3♀). FIRST RECORD: 1♀, Lethbridge, L[ight], 8.viii.1915 (E.H. Strickland) / (Det. Smith) [CNC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: June 18 (1929; Lethbridge)–August 8 (1915; Lethbridge). LOCALITIES: Elk Island N[ational] P[ark] [53°36'N 112°53'W; CNC]. Lethbridge [49°42'N 112°49'W; CNC].

BC: T = 127 (50♂, 70♀, 7?). FIRST RECORD: 1♀, Bear Lake, 20.vii.1903 (R.P. Currie) [USNM]. NEW RECORDS: 1♂, 1♀, Minnie L [ake], 26.vii.1944 (E.R. Buckell) [CNC]. 1♀, Penticton, at light, 6.ix.1980 (S.G. Cannings) / (U.B.C. Coll. Vancouver) [SEM]. 1♂, Naramata, McPhee Road, vii–viii.1985 (J.A. Garland) [CNC]. 1♀, Osoyoos, East Bench, 12.x.2001 (G.G.E. Scudder) [SEM]. 1♀, Osoyoos, East Bench, attracted to light, 12.viii.2004 (G.G.E. Scudder) [SEM]. FLIGHT PERIOD: May 9 (1921; Victoria)– October 12 (1928; U.B.C., Vancouver / 2001; Osoyoos, East Bench). LOCALITIES: Agassiz [49°14'N 121°46'W; SEM]. Barkerville [53°04'N 121°31'W; SEM]. Bear Lake 48 [40°03'N 117°12'W; USNM]. Cache Creek [50°48'N 121°19'W; SEM]. Cowichan Lake [48°52'N 124°16'W; SEM]. Departure Bay [49°12'N 123°58'W; CNC, ROM]. Essondale [49°14'N 122°49'W; SEM]. Galiano I [sland], Spanish Hills [48°56'N 123°27'W; SEM]. Green Timbers For [estry] Sta [tion] [New Westminster Land District, 49°44'N 123°05'W; CNC]. Kamloops [50°40'N 120°19'W; SEM]. Kaslo [49°55'N 116°55'W; USNM]. Langford [48°27'N 123°30'W; PFRC]. Lillooet [50°41'N 121°56'W; CNC]. Minnie Lake [50°01'N 120°25'W; CNC]. Naramata, McPhee Road [Naramata, 49°36'N 119°35'W; CNC]. Okanagan Lake [49°45'N 119°44'W; SEM]. Oliver [49°11'N 119°33'W; CNC]. Osoyoos / Osoyoos, East Bench [49°02'N 119°27'W; CNC, SEM]. Penticton [49°30'N 119°35'W; LEM, SEM]. Pitt Meadow [s] [49°14'N 122°41'W; UG]. Quesnel [53°00'N 122°30'W; SEM]. Revelstoke [50°59'N 118°12'W; LEM]. Sullivan [49°07'N 122°48'W; SEM]. Summerland [49°36'N 119°40'W; SEM]. Terrace [54°31'N 128°36'W; MCZ]. Univ [ersity of British Columbia] [Vancouver, 49°15'N 123°07'W; MCZ]. Vancouver / Vanc [ouver] [49°15'N 123°07'W; BCPM, CNC, MCZ, SEM, UG]. Vernon [50°15'30"N 119°16'00"W; CNC]. Victoria [48°26'N 123°22'W; BCPM, CNC, MCZ 49]. Westwick L [akes], Cariboo [52°00'N 122°10'W; SEM].

MB: T = 22 (10♂, 11♀, 1?). FIRST RECORD: 1♀, Husavick [sic], 18.viii.1910 (J.B. Wallis) [MCZ]. FLIGHT PERIOD: May 20 (1980; University of Manitoba)– August 18 (1910; Husavik). LOCALITIES: Brandon [49°50'49"N 99°57'08"W; UMW]. Fort Garry [49°50'29"N 97°09'00"W; UMW]. Glenlea Res[earch] St[atio]n 50 [Glenlea, 49°38'08"N 97°08'06"W; LEM]. Husavick [Husavik, 50°33'47"N 96°59'34"W; MCZ]. Otto [50°39'29"N 97°48'57"W; CNC 51]. S[ain]t James [49°53'09"N 97°14'34"W; UMW]. Stockton, 2 mi [les] W [49°35'22"N 99°27'11"W; CNC]. University of Manitoba [Fort Garry, 49°50'29"N 97°09'00"W; LEM]. Winnipeg [49°53'04"N 97°08'47"W; LEM, UMW].

NB: T = 1 (♀). FIRST RECORD: 1♀, Gagetown, Fredericton, 12.vii.1932 (F.P. Ide) [ROM]. FLIGHT PERIOD: July 12 (1932; Gagetown, Fredericton). LOCALITIES: Gagetown, Fredericton [45°46'12"N 66°09'46"W; ROM].

NS: T = 3 (♀). FIRST RECORD: 1♀, Willowdale, 9.vii.1947 (H.G. MacGillivray) / (3-28) / (U.N.B.28) / (2557) / ( Chrysopa nigricornis Burm., Det. P. Adams) [CNC]. 1♀, Willowdale, Light, 9.vii.1947 (D.R. Redmond) / (3-48) / (U.N.B.48) / (2556) / ( Chrysopa nigricornis Burm., Det. P. Adams) [CNC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: July 9 (1947; Willowdale)–August 29 (1952; Armdale). LOCALITIES: Armdale [44°38'N 63°38'W; USNM]. Willowdale [45°24'N 62°13'W; CNC].

ON: T = 64 (30♂, 29♀, 5?). FIRST RECORD: 1♀, Ottawa, 15.vii.1907 (Arthur Gibson) [CNC]. NEW RECORDS: 1♂, S[ain]t Lawrence Is [lands] Nat [ional] Park, Mermaid Island / Code 4372-P, 9.viii.1976 (Carter) [CNC]. 1♂, S[ain]t Lawrence Is[lands] Nat[ional] Park, McDonald Is[land] / Code 4417-Y, 14.viii.1976 (Carter) [CNC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: May 18 (1962; Toronto)- October 6 (1908 52; Ottawa). LOCALITIES: Biscotasing [47°17'N 82°06'W; CNC]. Black Rapids, Rideau R [iver] [Carleton County, 45°19'N 75°42'W; CNC]. Brantford [43°08'N 80°16'W; MCMU]. Burlington [43°23'10"N 79°50'15"W; MCMU]. C[entral] E[xperimental] F[arm] [Ottawa, 45°16'N 75°45'W; CNC, UAE]. Chaffeys Locks [44°35'N 76°19'W; ROM]. Chatham [42°24'N 82°11'W; UWO]. De Grassi P [oin]t [44°15'N 79°32'W; ROM]. Fennala [Fenella, 44°09'N 78°05'W; UG]. Hamilton [43°14'N 79°57'W; MCMU]. Horning’s Mills [44°09'N 80°12'W; ROM]. L[ake] Couchiching [44°40'N 79°22'W; ROM]. McIntyre [conflicting place names; ROM]. Niagara-on-Lake [Niagara-on-the-Lake, 43°15'N 79°04'W; UG]. Norval [43°39'N 79°51'W; UG]. Orillia [44°37'N 79°25'W; CNC]. Ottawa / Ottawa West [45°16'N 75°45'W; CNC]. P[oin]t Pelee [Point Pelee National Park of Canada, 49°58'N 82°31'W; CNC, ROM]. Port Arthur [Thunder Bay, 48°24'N 89°19'W; MCMU]. Port Credit [43°33'N 79°35'W; ROM]. Rondeau Prov [incial] P[ar]k, Kent Co [unty] [42°17'N 81°52'W; ROM]. S[ain]t Davids [43°10'N 79°07'W; UG]. S[ain]t Lawrence Is [lands] Nat [ional] Park, McDonald Is [land], Code 4417-Y [McDonald Island, 44°19'N 76°10'W; CNC]. S[ain]t Lawrence Is [lands] Nat [ional] Park, Mermaid Island, Code 4372-P [Mermaid Island, 44°18'N 76°11'W; CNC]. Severn Bridge [44°46'N 79°20'W; ROM]. Stittsville [45°15'N 75°55'W; MCMU]. Tillsonburg [42°51'N 80°44'W; CNC]. Toronto [43°42'N 79°25'W; ROM]. Vineland [43°09'N 79°24'W; CNC]. Zion [Thorndale 53, 43°06'N 81°08'W; UWO].

47. This is the earliest definitely dated specimen of Chrysopidae from Canada; reported erroneously as Chrysopa oculata by Garland (1985a: 746).

48. Bear Lake, placed near Prince George by Garland (1982 [1984]: 139), is here corrected to the Kootenay Region based on information provided by Currie (1904), Dyar (1904: 781), and Flint 2002: 90).

49. Chrysopa crotchi Banks, 1938: 76 . Type: 1♀, Victoria, vii (Crotch) [MCZ, No. 22975]; monotypy. Terminalia stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned below the specimen; examined and figured by Garland (1982 [1984]:

136; Figs. 44, 47).

50. The University of Manitoba's Glenlea Research Station is located just south of Winnipeg.

51. Cocoon attached to pin (FIS, W-369A).

QC: T = 43 (29♂, 11♀, 3?). FIRST RECORD: 1♂, Montreal, 21.vi.1875 (H.H. Lyman) [LEM]. NEW RECORDS: 1♂, Laval, 21.vi.[19]84 (A.C. Sheppard) [CNC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: June 6 (1968; Saint-Félix-de-Kingsey)-October 24 (1951; Montréal). LOCALITIES: (unspecified) [UL Provancher Collection 1 and 2]. Berthierville [46°05'N 73°11'W; UdeM]. Duchesnay [Duchesnay, Barrage de, 46°52'02"N 71°38'15"W; CSQ]. Kirks Ferry [Kirk’s Ferry, 45°32'30"N 75°49'00"W; CNC]. Knowlton [45°13'02"N 72°31'01"W; CNC]. Lachine [45°26'03"N 73°41'04"W; CNC]. Lac Mercier [conflicting place names; CNC]. Lac Mondor, S[ain]te Flore [Lac-Mondor, Sainte-Flore, 46°37'32"N 72°45'52"W; CNC]. L[ac] Victor [Lac-Victor, 47°24'N 76°09'W; CNC]. Lanoraie [45°58'N 73°13'W; LEM]. Laval [45°35'N 73°45'W; CNC, LEM]. Montreal [Montréal, 45°30'N 73°36'W; LEM]. Mont S[ain]t Hilaire [Saint-Hilaire, 45°33'30"N 73°11'54"W; LEM]. Parc du Mont Tremblant [Mont-Tremblant, Parc national du, 46°26'N 74°21'W; UdeM]. S[ain]te Anne de Bellevue [Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, 45°24'N 73°56'W; LEM]. S[ain]te Clotilde [Sainte-Clotilde-de-Châteauguay, 45°09'29"N 73°40'42"W; SJRS]. S[ain]te Foy [Sainte-Foy-Sillery, 46°46'15"N 71°17'00"W; UL]. S[ain]t Felix de Kinsey [Saint-Félix-de-Kingsey, 45°47'43"N 72°11'33"W; CRFL]. S[ain]t Johns Co[unty] [conflicting place names; LEM]. Shawbridge [45°52'17"N 74°04'45"W; LEM].

SK: T = 3 (2♂, 1♀). FIRST RECORD: 1♂, Prairie River, Host?, 10.vii.1946 (FIS, W-439) [collector unknown] / ( Chrysopa nigricornis Burm., McGuffin) / (556) / ( Chrysopa nigricornis Burm., Det. P. Adams) [CNC]. NEW RECORDS: 1♀, Meunster [sic], (F.I.S. [W67] 2265, Rec[eived] 24-7-[19]67) [collector unknown] / (White Elm, W67-2265) / [type-written] (10) / ( Chrysopa nigricornis Burm., J.E.M.) [NFRC]. FLIGHT PERIOD: July 9 (1956; Sutherland)–July 24 (1967; Muenster). LOCALITIES: Meunster [sic] [Muenster, 52°12'N 105°00'W; NFRC]. Prairie River [52°52'N 102°59'W; CNC]. Sutherland [52°08'20"N 106°36'10"W; CNC].

Chrysopa nigricornis has been found in all provinces of Canada except Newfoundland and Labrador, and Prince Edward Island. Other names in literature for this insect in Canada are provided in the synonymy pertaining to Canada; three of them merit comment here:

Ceraeochrysa lineaticornis: Penny et al. (1997: 48, part [BC]) based their entry on Smith’s (1932) Chrysopa columbiana, without consulting museum specimens.

Chrysopa columbiana: Smith (1932: 585) reported a female from Oliver BC with data as C. columbiana, also cited by Spencer (1942: 27) and by Bickley and MacLeod (1956: 190). A specimen so-labelled by Smith could not be located (Garland 1982 [1984]: 137). However, a female with the same data exists, but it is an example of Chrysopa nigricornis (see next).

52. Date in Garland (1982 [1984]: 312) reads: 6.x.1902, but should read: 6.x.1908; this is reinterpreted here because the label, pre-printed 1905, has ‘8' written in ink over the ‘5' in 1905.

53. Zion, where W.C. McGuffin, the collector, grew up, is near Thorndale (K. Bolte, e-mail 7/25/05).

Meleoma signoretti: Smith (1932: 584) reported a female from Oliver BC, with data, as Meleoma signoretti, also cited by Spencer (1942: 26). The specimen is an example of Chrysopa nigricornis (Garland 1982 [1984]: 134, 140; CNC). Smith’s label pinned with the specimen identifies it as his Meleoma signoretti .

Canadian localities in literature for which no specimen has been seen, are: Grimsby ON (Putman 1932b), Hemmingford QC (Smith 1932), and Sherbrooke QC (Banks 1903). All specimens reported here are documented with data in Garland (1982, 2000), or as new records (above). Based on label data, adults have been taken at light and in Malaise trap, swept from grass, associated with Alder, American or White Elm, Larch, Spruce, and Pine, and found in a Spruce-sand community, or reared from larvae found on Fraxinus americana [Ash] and Maple. In spite of its large size, this lacewing is able to elude even the most experienced collector; for instance, this species moves upward when disturbed, flying high into the boughs of tall trees, and at lights it has been found resting high on the wall, making it difficult to collect in such situations. Biology and immatures of this species, i.e., egg, larva and cocoon, were studied in California (Toschi 1965).