Key to males of the neotropical species of Cladiopsocus

(Modified from Calderón et al. 2014)

The following species are not included in the key: C. clarus, C. dolosus, C. fuscus, C. nebulosus and C. ocotensis, of which only females are known.

1. Paraproctal tubercle enlarged into a distinct “thumb” (Figs 5, 33, 52, 62, 63, 69, 70) or enlarged but without a distinct “thumb” (Figs 19, 59, 64, 65)................................................................................... 2

- Paraproctal tubercle reduced, not enlarged nor with a distinct “thumb” (Figs 12, 26, 45, 66–68)...................... 14

2. Forewing veins with spurs (Figs 29, 35, 48), sometimes not well developed (Fig. 15); epiproct emarginated apically (Figs 18, 32, 51, 58, 78), or with a broad posterior process (Fig. 51)..................................................... 3

- Forewing veins without spurs (Figs 1, 8, 22, 41); epiproct emarginated apically (Fig. 4) or with bumps, prongs, papillae or flanges (Figs 72, 75–77, 79)............................................................................. 9

3. Paraproctal tubercle clearly enlarged into a distinct “thumb” (Figs 5, 33, 52, 62, 63, 69, 70); epiproct emarginated posteriorly (Fig. 78), sometimes with broad posterior process (Figs 32, 51)................................................ 4

- Paraproctal tubercle enlarged but without a distinct “thumb” (Figs 19, 59, 64, 65); epiproct emarginate or with broad posterior process (Figs 18, 58)................................................................................. 7

4. Paraproctal prong distally forked, with arms pointed (Fig. 52); epiproct obtusely concave posteriorly, postero-lateral corners pointed, setose (Fig. 51)................................................................... C. panchei n. sp.

- Paraproctal prong single or with short preapical tooth (Figs 33, 62, 69); epiproct variable, with or without distal process (Figs 32, 71, 78).......................................................................................... 5

5. Paraproctal prong with short preapical tooth (Fig. 33); epiproct trapeziform, with widely emarginate posterior border (Fig. 3 2)....................................................................................... C. julianae n. sp.

- Paraproctal prong without preapical tooth (Figs 62, 69), epiproct variable, sometimes trapeziform, semi-oval, emarginated posteriorly or with modifications (Figs 71, 78)................................................................. 6

6. Epiproct trapeziform, posterior border projected, slightly concave (Fig. 71); paraproctal prong with a distal tooth, and a small proximal denticle at the inner margin (Fig. 62)....................................... C. arboricola Calderón et al.

- Epiproct strongly bilobulate and raised distally (Fig. 78); paraproct without a small proximal denticle at the inner margin (Fig. 69)............................................................................. C. ramulosus (Enderlein)

7. Forewing with well developed spur veins (Fig. 55); paraproctal prong single, pointed (Fig. 59); epiproct projected posteriorly, emarginate, postero-lateral corners rounded (Fig. 58)............................................. C. tikunus n. sp.

- Forewing with spur veins poorly developed (Fig. 15); paraproctal prong single or double (Fig. 19); epiproct variable (Fig. 18)................................................................................................... 8

8. Paraproctal prong double, inner arm short, truncate (Fig. 19); epiproct slightly emarginate posteriorly, postero-lateral corners round, small, slightly projected (Fig. 18); phallosome well sclerotized (Fig. 21)..................... C. eertmoedi n. sp.

- Paraproctal prong single, with rugose processes, epiproct emarginated posteriorly................... C. uncinatus (New)

9. Paraproctal prong short, stout, distally blunt, with an oval process between it and the mesal tubercle (Fig. 5). Epiproct posteriorly emarginate, postero-lateral corners widely rounded (Fig. 4)............................. C. amacayacuensis n. sp.

- Paraproctal prong well developed, pointed, without oval process between the mesal tubercle and the paraproctal prong. Epiproct variable in shape (Figs 72, 76, 77)............................................................... 10

10. Epiproct with small posterior process (Fig. 77); paraproctal prong curved, with one apical tooth (Fig. 68)............................................................................................... C. pacificus Calderón et al.

- Epiproct and paraproctal prong not as above............................................................... 11

11. Epiproct with sclerotized postero-lateral borders; postero-lateral corners protruding (Fig. 72); paraproctal prong stout, with two apical teeth and a small rounded mesal prominence (Fig. 63)............................ C. bidentatus Calderón et al.

- Epiproct and paraprocts not as above, variable in shape....................................................... 12

12. Legs with second and third tarsomeres nearly completely fused, with only an indistinct line of separation; paraprocts with a large tubercle and prong with three distal teeth (Fig. 65); epiproct as in Figure 76 ................... C. roesleri Eertmoed

- Second and third tarsomeres not fused; paraprocts and epiproct not as above (Figs 64, 70, 75, 79).................... 13

13. Epiproct broad, sclerotized, distally emarginated between flanges ventrally, and with two stout blunt prongs dorsally (Fig. 79); paraproctal prong stout, recurved, weakly forked (Fig. 70), one fork slightly hooked, the other serrate with four teeth........................................................................................ C. interruptus Eertmoed

- Epiproct raised posteriorly, terminating in a rectangular extension (Fig. 75); paraproctal prong stout, with a notch and hook distally (Fig. 64)....................................................................... C. mockfordi Eertmoed

14. Phallosome with internal parameres present and united posteriorly (Figs 80, 81); paraproctal prong sometimes widened distally................................................................................................... 15

- Phallosome with internal parameres vestigial or not united posteriorly (Figs 14, 28, 47); paraproctal prong never widened distally............................................................................................... 16

15. Forewing with a marginal pigmented band, from M1 to wing base; M and Cu1a with multiple branches; hindwing M of three branches; epiproct with a subapical median tubercle; paraproctal prong small, slightly sclerotized..... C. distinctus Eertmoed

- Forewing not banded as above, veins M and Cu1a without multiple branches; hindwing M single; paraproctal prong well developed, apically widened............................................................. C. domesticus (New)

16. Paraproctal prong stout, with slender tooth basally on inner border (Fig. 12); epiproct with dorso-distal projection, each postero-lateral corner with sclerotized, pointed process (Fig. 11).................................. C. deliciasensis n. sp.

- Paraproctal prong without basal tooth (Figs 26, 45, 66, 67); epiproct without processes, or with one or two distally, along the longitudinal midline (Figs 25, 44, 73, 74).................................................................. 17

17 Epiproct with one or two short tapered projections or teeth distally or on posterior border (Figs 25, 44, 73, 74); paraproctal prong variable in form................................................................................. 18

- Epiproct trapeziform, without tapered projections or teeth distally, with border heavily sclerotized; paraproctal prong single...................................................................................... C. prionotus (New)

18. Epiproct with two tooth-like short projections posteriorly on the longitudinal midline (Fig. 25)....... C. gregoriorum n. sp.

- Epiproct with a well sclerotized tapered projection mesally, near posterior border (Figs 44, 73, 74)................... 19

19. Paraproctal prong with a mesal tooth on inner border (Fig. 45); epiproct with a slender, sclerotized mesal process near posterior border (Fig. 44)....................................................................... C. mocoaensis n. sp.

- Paraproctal prong single or with a small apical hook (Figs 66, 67), epiproct with a pointed process in the middle, near posterior border (Figs 73, 74)................................................................................. 20

20. Epiproct with sclerotized posterior border, with a pointed process in the middle (Fig. 74); paraproctal prong single (Fig. 6 6)..................................................................................... C. garciai Eertmoed

- Epiproct turned up distally, with a small median tubercle apically and another subapically (Fig. 73); paraproctal prong terminating in a small hook (Fig. 67)................................................... C. multimaculatus Eertmoed