Pampaphoneus biccai Cisneros et al. 2012

Holotype: UFRGS–PV-0386-P, a near complete skull with lower jaw.

Locality and horizon: Boqueirão Farm (30° 00ʹ 11.38ʹʹ S, 54° 05ʹ 17.44ʹʹ W), Catuçaba District, São Gabriel Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The rocks exposed at this site belongs to the Morro Pelado Member of the Rio do Rasto Formation (Guadalupian) (Cisneros et al. 2012)

Referred specimens: UNIPAMPA 759, a near complete skull with lower jaw and postcranial remains also collected from the type-locality; UFRGS-PV-0249-P, a fragmentary right dentary, collected from the ‘Fazenda Fagundes’ locality (30° 01ʹ S, 54° 09ʹ W).

Revised diagnosis: Pampaphoneus biccai can be distinguished from all other anteosaurids by a squamosal (posterior) process of the jugal extending beyond the anteriormost margin of the temporal fenestra and by the presence of a poorly developed, elliptical boss at the angular. It can be distinguished from all other anteosaurids, except Syodon biarmicum, by the presence of nine upper postcanines, which bear mesial and distal serrations and have a bulbous shape. It can be distinguished from Syodon biarmicum by a crest that extends from the pineal boss until the orbital rim; the presence of a diastema separating the upper canine from the first postcanines; the presence of a marked depression on the posterior portion of the maxilla, postfrontal and the entire lacrimal (limited to the lacrimal in Syodon biarmicum); and in Pampaphoneus biccai the frontals do not divide the parietals. In addition, Pampaphoneus biccai, has a frontal depression anterior to the pineal boss that is deeper than that present in Syodon biarmicum .