Aphyocharax

1. Fins, except pectoral and adipose, and ventral region of the body reddish; no humeral spot; 1 to 4 teeth in maxilla ............................................................................... A. anisitsi

1’. Just the caudal fin red; a black, diffuse, and oval, vertically elongated, humeral spot; 8 to 17 teeth in maxilla ................................................................................ 2

2. Orbital diameter contained less than 2.5 times in head length; short maxillary bone, its posterior tip not reaching the vertical through center of the eye......... Aphyocharax sp.

2’. Orbital diameter contained 3.5 to 4.5 times in head length; long maxillary bone, its posterior tip reaching the vertical through center of the eye........................ A. dentatus