Trichodes apiarius (Linnaeus, 1758)

All the enemies of the host wasp discussed above are usually named “parasites in the broad sense or parasitoids”, while the beetles in the genus Trichodes could be considered as “nest destructors” (Zerova et al., 2006). In the present study they penetrated two nests and ruined 38 cells of P. fuscipennis . Nest destructors can cause huge damage in artificial nests, but in the present study they did not provoke considerable loss in the population of P. fuscipennis .