Duadicus pallidus Dallas 1851

(Figs 1c–f,3,5,6)

Duadicus pallidus Dallas 1851: 294 (n.sp.); Walker 1867: 376 (list); Lethierry and Severin 1893: 251 (catalogue); Van Duzee 1905: 212 (colour variation); Kumar 1974: 39 (list; illustration); Cassis and Gross 2002: 370 (catalogue)

Diagnosis D. pallidus is recognised by the following combination of characters: dorsum medium brown; lateral margin of pronotum arcuate medially (Figs. 1c–f, 3b), almost transparent; pronotal horns strongly projected, with apex black and slightly upturned; two irregular spots along basal margin of scutellum, from pale to yellowish brown (Fig. 1c); abdominal connexiva with more than one-half of segments V-VII pale brown anteriorly.

Redescription Male (Fig. 1c,d). Colouration. Head: brown, with reddish markings dorsally; pale to medium brown between inner margin of eye and ocelli, without markings; pale brown ventrally, with few reddish markings medially; sometimes reddish markings at base of bucculae. Eyes: black, with posterior margin yellowish brown. Antennae: AI medium brown with reddish tinge; AII-AIV medium brown, sometimes AII with reddish tinge; AV darkest, dark brown. Labium: as in generic description. Pronotum: brown, with reddish markings dorsally; callus as in generic description; lateral margin of pronotum almost transparent; pronotal angle medium to dark brown, almost black, from base to apex. Scutellum: medium to dark brown, with dark brown markings; two pale to medium brown stripe along basal margin; pale yellow to brown at apex, with tiny and dark brown markings. Thoracic pleura: medium to dark brown with reddish markings. MTG: pale brown. Hemelytra: pale brown with reddish brown markings; reddish brown stripe along outer margin of corium; membrane almost transparent, sometimes with brown tinge at base. Legs: as in generic description. Abdomen: connexiva medium brown with reddish brown markings; more than 1 ∕ 2 of segments V-VII pale brown anteriorly, without markings; abdominal spine medium brown; venter pale to medium brown, with reddish markings medially and laterally. Vestiture. Mostly as in generic description. Legs: uniformly pale brown; setae on femora rare distribution; tibiae and tarsi mostly dense. Abdomen: simple short decumbent pale brown setae sparsely distributed laterally; trichobothria pale brown. Structure. Head and Eyes: as in generic description. Antennae: AI longest, strongly passing anterior margin of head (Figs 1c,d, 3a); AII longer than AIII; AIII as long as AIV; AV shortest. Labium: as in generic description. Pronotum: callus subrectangular, sometimes rounded; lateral margin of pronotum sinuate, arcuate and strongly upturned (Fig. 3b); pronotal horns strongly projected dorsolaterally. Scutellum: flat, width longer than length; apex slender. MTG: suboval (Fig. 3c). Legs and Abdomen: as in generic description. Male genitalia: pygophore (Fig. 5a) similar to D. namyatovae but differs from lateral margin near apex of posterolateral angle not sinuated and posterolateral angle more rounded; paramere (Fig. 5b) nearly ‘L’ shaped, with angle almost 90°; apex slightly upward; vesica (Fig. 5d,e) ‘C’ shaped sclerotised; dorsal conjunctival lobe bounding vesica, united with no branches.

Female (Fig. 1e,f). Colouration. Mostly as in male. Head: pale to medium brown between ocelli, with few reddish brown markings. Antennae: AIV dark brown, except medium brown at base. Pronotum: pronotal horns medium brown anteriorly, with reddish tinge. Scutellum: two yellowish brown stripes along basal margin. Hemelytra: medium brown at inner base. Legs: tibiae medium brown, with reddish tinge at base and apex. Abdomen: connexiva dark brown with reddish brown markings; more than one-half of segments IV-VII pale brown anteriorly; one pair of medium brown Pendergrast’s organ on 7th segments. Vestiture. Mostly as in male. Abdomen: white short erect setae on Pendergrast’s organ. Structure. Mostly as in male. Antennae: AI longest, much passing anterior margin of head; AIV shorter than AII and longer than AIII; AV shortest. Pronotum: pronotal horns much arcuate anteriorly. Scutellum: apex much rounded. Abdomen: Pendergrast’s organ of sternite VII suboval (Fig. 3d). Female genitalia: first gonocoxites (Fig. 6) large, plate-like, posterior margins almost straight; eighth paratergite subtriangular; apices of ninth paratergites far away from those of eighth paratergites; capsula seminalis small, membrane, with long pars intermedialis; thickenings of vaginal intima triangular; sclerotised ring apically upturned, sometimes horizontal.

Specimens examined

NEW SOUTH WALES: 1♀, Hornsby, C. Gibbons (00002857) (AM) ; 1♀, Wynyard, G. H. Hardy (00002863) (AM) ; 2♂♂ 1♀, Blackheath, Jan 1934, K. K. Spence (00002853- 00002854; 00002859) (AM) ; 1♀, Tuggerah, 1 Oct 1934, K. K. Spence (00002856) (AM) ; 1♂, Hazelbrook, NSW, Dec 1934, K. K. Spence (00002855) (AM) ; 1♀, National Park Belair, 12 Apr 1967, D. K. McAlpine (00002818) (AM) ; 1♀, Clarence, Blue Mountains, NSW, 30 Nov 1980, C. E. Chadwick (00002820) (AM) ; 1♀, Clarence, Blue Mountains, NSW, 28 Dec 1989, R. de Keyzer (00002829) (AM) ; SA: 1♂, 1 km S by E Elliston, 33.40S 134.54E, 30 Nov 1992, I. D. Naumann and J. C. Cardale (00002830) (AM) ; 1♂, Sassafras, 21 km E of Nerriga 650 m, 35°07′S 150°11′E, 12 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis (00002849) (AM) . TASMANIA: 1♂ 1♀, Frankford: Lea (00002861) (AM) ; 1♀, Friendly Beaches, Freycinet Peninsula, 19 m, 41°59.2899′S 148°17.2587′E, 13 Nov 2002, G. Cassis, R.T. Schuh, M.D. Schwartz, R. Silveira (00002831) (TMAG) ; 2♂♂, 17 Mile Plain, Grunter Rd, 13 m, 40.88°S 144.89°E, 10 Mar 2010, C. Symonds, (00002836-00002837) (TMAG) ; 1♂, 17 Mile Plain, Grunter Rd, 13 M, 40.90°S 144.88°E, 11 Mar 2010, C. Symonds (00002838) (UNSW) . SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 1♂ 2♀♀, Adelaide, A. H. Elston (00002851, 00002860) (AM) ; 1♀, Adelaide, H. M. Hale (00002858) (AM); 1♂, Myponga, H. M. Hale (00002852) (AM) . 1♀, 15 km S of Bews, 130 m, 35°29′05″S 140°25′59″E, 08 Nov 1998, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira (00002824)(AM) ; 2♀♀, 38.1 km S of Bews, Ngarkat Conservation Park, 90 m, 35°39′35″S 140°26′56″E, 09 Nov 1998, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira (00002822-00002823) (AM) ; 3♀♀, Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 125 m, 35°36′15″S 140°51′52″E, 10 Nov 1998, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis, R. Silveira (00002826-00002828) (AM) . WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1♀, 2.2 km W of Windy Harbour, D’Entrecasteaux National Park, 50 m, 34°49′16″S116°00′40″E, 15 Dec 1997, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, H. Brailovsky (00002825) (AM) ; 1♀, 3.5 km E of Lillian Stoke Rock, 360 m, 33°4.6072′S 120°7.9191′E, 21 Nov 1999, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis and R. Silveira (00002832) (AM); 1♂, 39 km E of Lake King, 400 m, 33°4.6774′S 120°5.6142′E, 21 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis and R. Silveira (00002848) (UNSW) ; 1♀, Madfish Bay, William Bay National Park, 100 m, 35°1.2076′S 117°15.2487′E, 01 Dec 1999, R. T. Schuh, G. Cassis and R. Silveira (00002833) (UNSW) ; 1♀, 49 km S Eneabba, Coomallo RestArea, jct of Brand Highway and Jurien East Rd, 162 m, 30.22°S 115.40°E, 21 Oct 2004, G. Cassis, M.A. Wall, C. Weirauch, C. Symonds (00002850) (AM) ; 1♂, 2.1 km S of Coorow-Greenhead Rd, on Cockleshell Gully Rd, 156 m, 30.09°S 115.12°E, 06 Nov 2004, G. Cassis, C. Weirauch, N. Tatarnic, C. Symonds (00002834) (AM) ; 1♂, Brand Highway 18.8 km S of jct with Cervantes Rd, 203 m, 30.47°S 115.36°E, 07 Nov 2004, G. Cassis, C. Weirauch, N. Tatarnic, C. Symonds (00002835) (AM) .

Distribution

D. pallidus is known from New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia (Fig. 7).

Host plants

Cassis and Gross (2002) recorded this species from the following host plants: Allocasuarina muelleriana ( Casuarinaceae), Leptospermum coriaceum ( Myrtaceae), Leptospermum myrsinoides ( Myrtaceae) and M. muelleriana ( Myrtaceae). In this work, we record the following new host plants: Jacksonia horrida ( Fabaceae) and M. sapientes ( Myrtaceae) (Fig. 8a).

Remarks

See D. namyatovae remarks section for differential diagnosis.