Key to species of Myrmecotypus

1 Males (those of M. atratoides spec. nov., M. fuliginosus and M. lineatipes unknown)................................ 2

- Females (those of M. formicus comb. nov., M. drogon spec. nov. and M. jasmineae unknown)....................... 20

2(1) Tibia I ventral spination 2-2; all eyes of similar size; abdomen strongly constricted medially (Reiskind 1969: figs 111, 112, 153–155)...................................................................... M. lineatus (Emerton, 1909)

- Tibia I ventral spination 3-2, 3-3, 4-3 or 4-4; AME larger than other eyes; abdomen oval to round, without constriction..... 3

3(2) Palp with retroapical tegular projection (Figs 4G–H, 8G–H, 14D, 20G, 22G)...................................... 4

- Palp without retroapical tegular projection (Figs 3A, 6G, 12G)................................................ 11

4(3) Tegular process present (Figs 14D, I, 15D)................................................................. 5

- Tegular process absent (Fig. 20G)........................................................................ 7

5(4) Embolus longer than RTP (Fig. 15D)...................................................... M. drogon spec. nov.

- Embolus shorter or same length as RTP.................................................................... 6

6(5) RTP pointed, wider than the embolus (Figs 14D–E).......................... M. rubrofemoratus Perger & Rubio, 2021

- RTP blunt, narrower than embolus (Figs 14I–J)................................ M. formicus (Simon, 1896) comb. nov.

7(4) Tibia I ventral spination 3-3............................................................................. 8

- Tibia I ventral spination 4-3 or 4-4....................................................................... 10

8(7) RTP tip visible in ventral view, inserted far from embolar base................................................. 9

- RTP tip hidden in ventral view, inserted near embolar base (Reiskind 1969: figs 255–257)....... M. orpheus Reiskind, 1969

9(8) Base of the RTP as wide as the tip; embolus curved (Fig. 4G)........................ M. haddadi Perger & Rubio, 2021

- Base of the RTP wider than the tip; embolus straight (Fig. 22G)................................. M. ciriaco spec. nov.

10(7) Tibia I ventral spination 4-3; RTP weakly sclerotized, flat (Fig. 20G, H)......................... M. balerion spec. nov.

- Tibia I ventral spination 4-4; RTP strongly sclerotized, hook-shaped (Fig. 8G, H)............... M. niger Chickering, 1937

11(3) Sperm duct narrow, nearly the same width as embolus (Figs 6G, 24G).......................................... 12

- Sperm duct wider than embolus (Figs 3A, 4G)............................................................. 13

12(11) Small pre-embolic ridge present; embolus with two keels; abdomen completely dark (Fig. 6A–G)............................................................................................ M. tahyinandu Perger & Rubio, 2020

- Pre-embolic ridge absent; embolus curved, without keels; abdomen white dorsally and with white spot ventrally (Fig. 24A– G).............................................................................. M. rapaxoides spec. nov.

13(11) Coxae I and II bright white to yellow-white, much lighter than coxae III and IV (Figs 2C, F, I, 4C, 6C, F).............. 14

- Coxal color pattern otherwise........................................................................... 17

14(13) Coxa I light brown, II white (Figs 4C, 8C, 15C)............................................................ 15

- Coxae I and II white (Figs 2C, F, 6C, F, 22C, F)............................................................ 16

15(14) RTA present; embolus short, folded (Fig. 18G–H)............................................. M. ednae spec. nov.

- RTA absent; embolus longer, straight (Fig. 19G–H)........................................ M. candianii spec. nov.

16(14) Carapace with a dense longitudinal row of erect hairs on thoracic region; paracymbial spine absent; embolus short, straight (Reiskind 1969: figs 262–263)................................................... M. rettenmeyeri Unzicker, 1965

- Carapace without row of hairs; paracymbial spines present; embolus very long and curved (Fig. 3A, B)............................................................................................... M. olympus Reiskind, 1969

17(13) Coxa II much lighter than coxae I, III and IV (Fig. 12C, F)................................................... 17

- Coxae II and III much lighter than coxae I and IV (Fig. 16C, F)................................................ 19

18(17) RTA present; sperm duct long, four-folded; embolus short, proximal area wider than the distal (Figs 9–11)............................................................................ M. dacetonoides (Mello-Leitão, 1948) comb. nov.

- RTA absent; sperm duct short, two-folded; embolus long, proximal area as narrow as the distal (Reiskind 1969: figs 247, 248) M. pilosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)

19(17) Pre-embolic ridge absent; embolus long, narrow, with spiraled tip (Leister & Miller 2014: fig. 1D–G).......................................................................................... M. jasmineae Leister & Miller, 2014

- Pre-embolic ridge present; embolus short, wide, with smooth tip (Fig. 16G, H).................. M. regianeae spec. nov.

20(1) Tibia I ventral spination 2-2; all eyes of similar size; abdomen strongly constricted medially (Reiskind 1969: figs 111, 112, 153–155)...................................................................... M. lineatus (Emerton, 1909)

- Tibia I ventral spination 3-2 or more; AME larger than other eyes; abdomen oval to round, without constriction......... 21

21(19) Tibia I ventral spination 4-3 or more..................................................................... 22

- Tibia I ventral spination 3-3 or 3-2....................................................................... 24

22(21) Tibia I ventral spination 5-5; two large posterior furrows (Perger & Rubio 2021: fig. 3B)................................................................................................. M. rubrofemoratus Perger & Rubio, 2021

- Tibia I ventral spination 4-3 or 4-4; posterior furrows absent.................................................. 23

23(22) Tibia I ventral spination 4-3; epigyne with continuous transverse ridge and a median T-shaped sclerotization (Fig. 20I)........................................................................................ M. balerion spec. nov.

- Tibia I ventral spination 4-4; epigynal transverse ridge interrupted medially, median sclerotization absent (Fig. 8I)........................................................................................ M. niger Chickering, 1937

24(21) Epigyne without a transverse ridge anterior to copulatory openings (Figs 3C, 4J, 16I).............................. 25

- Epigyne with a transverse ridge anterior to copulatory openings (Figs 6I, 12M, 19I)................................ 30

25(24) Epigyne with a posterior plate projected over epigastric groove (Fig. 22I, J)....................... M. ciriaco spec. nov.

- Epigyne without such a plate (Figs 4I, 16I)................................................................ 26

26(25) Coxa I and II much lighter than coxae III and IV........................................................... 27

- Coxae II and III much lighter than coxae I and IV........................................................... 29

27(26) Copulatory apertures ventrally directed; epigynal plate without medial depressions (Fig. 4I).................................................................................................... M. haddadi Perger & Rubio, 2021

- Copulatory apertures anteriorly directed; epigynal plate with medial depressions (Fig. 3C).......................... 28

28(27) Anterior border of epigynal medial depressions strongly recurved (Fig. 3C).................. M. olympus Reiskind, 1969

- Anterior border of epigynal medial depressions nearly straight (Reiskind 1969: figs 253–254)........ M. orpheus Reiskind

29(26) Epigyne with ventral surface wrinkled; copulatory openings directed ventrally (Fig. 16I)........... M. regianeae spec. nov.

- Epigyne with ventral surface smooth; copulatory openings directed laterally (Reiskind 1969: figs 249, 250).......................................................................................... M. lineatipes Chickering, 1937

30(24) Epigynal transverse ridge interrupted medially (Figs 18I, 19I)................................................. 31

- Epigynal transverse ridge continuous (Figs 6I, 24I)......................................................... 32

31(30) Epigynal transverse ridge procurved, with marginal sclerotized area small (Fig. 19I).............. M. candianii spec. nov.

- Epigynal transverse ridge recurved, with marginal sclerotized area large (Fig. 18I)................... M. ednae spec. nov

32(30) Wide constriction on carapace (over legs I and II); cephalic region colored differently to the thoracic (Fig. 23)............................................................................................. M. atratoides spec. nov.

- Narrow dorsal constriction on carapace (only over leg II or between I and II); cephalic region and thoracic of same color.. 33

33(32) Thoracic region elongate, at least twice the length of the cephalic region (Figs 6B, E, 24B, E)........................ 34

- Thoracic region short, one and a half times the length of the cephalic region or less (Figs 2B, E, 11B, E)............... 35

34(33) Abdomen white dorsally, one large spot in the middle and two white spots in posterior area ventrally; groove below the epigynal ridge absent (Fig. 24D–F, I).......................................................... M. rapaxoides spec. nov.

- Abdomen completely dark; groove below the epigynal ridge present (Fig. 6F, I)....... M. tahyinandu Perger & Rubio, 2020

35(33) Longitudinal band of erect black hairs down back of thoracic region present; epigynal transverse ridge present, M-shaped (Reiskind 1969: figs 264, 265)................................................... M. rettenmeyeri Unzicker, 1965

- Longitudinal band of erect black hairs down back thoracic region absent; epigynal transverse ridge otherwise (Fig. 12G).. 36

36(35) Epigynal transverse ridge sinuous; primary spermathecae strongly reduced (Reiskind 1969: figs 245–248)................................................................................... M. pilosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)

- Epigynal transverse ridge V-shaped; primary spermathecae almost the same size as secondary....................... 37

37(36) Coxae II and III much clearer than I and IV; groove below the epigynal ridge present (Reiskind 1969: figs 251, 252)........................................................................ M. fuliginosus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894

- Coxa III never white; groove below the epigynal ridge absent (Figs 10C, 11F, 12H, 11I, 12M)..................................................................................... M. dacetonoides (Mello-Leitão, 1948) comb. nov.