Pyxiloricaria Isbruecker & Nijssen, 1984 ^ZBK.

Type species: Pyxiloricaria menezesi Isbruecker & Nijssen, 1984 ^ZBK.

Holotype: MZUSP 26800, Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Miranda .

Gender: feminine.

This monotypic genus is only known from the Paraguay River drainage. Pyxiloricaria menezesi ^ZBK inhabits sandy substrates and is sympatric with representatives of the genus Pseudohemiodon ^ZBK. Sexual dimorphism and reproductive ecology are unknown. In the Pseudohemiodon ^ZBK group, Pyxiloricaria ^ZBK more closely resembles Pseudohemiodon ^ZBK than other representatives of the group. Moreover, with Loricaria ^ZBK, it shares filamentous lips, inconspicuous fringed barbels on the lower lip, and shorter maxillary barbels. The phylogenetic position of Pyxiloricaria ^ZBK remains uncertain, and its presence in the Pseudohemiodon ^ZBK group could be artificial, given the characters shared with Loricaria ^ZBK. Herein, following Isbrücker & Nijssen (1984), it is maintained in the Pseudohemiodon ^ZBK group.