Tephritis dilacerata dilacerata (Loew 1846)

(Figs 2c; 9–10)

Trypeta dilacerata Loew 1846: 509; Zetterstedt 1847: 2223; Tephritis dilacerata: Zetterstedt 1849: 3336; Frauenfeld 1856: 543; Schiner 1858: 476; 1864: 160; Loew 1862: 107; Becker

1905: 137; Hendel 1927: 186; Séguy 1934: 158; Mihályi 1960: 63; Richter 1970: 164; Foote 1984: 129; Merz 1994: 66;

Norrbom et al. 1999: 216; Baugnée 2006: 86; Smit 2010: 110. Tephritis confusa: Rondani 1871: 6 .(misidentification)

Type material: Lectotype ♀: “ Coll. H. Loew ” (Fig. 9a) (marked by B. Merz in 1991; here designated) ; Paralectotypes 3♂, 7♀ (Coll. H. Loew) (MNKB) . Non-type material: Belarus: Molodechno, 1954, 1♀ (Zlobin) (ZISP); Estonia: Puhtu, near gulf of Riga, 19.08.1951, 1♂ (Stackelberg) (ZISP); Germany: Brandenburg, Triglitz, 7.04.1917, 3♂, 3♀ (Bollow); idem, 7.04.1919, 2♂ (Jaan) (MNKB); St. Wendel, Rheini, 17.08.1920, 1♀ (Duda) (MNKB); Ober-Bayern, München, Obermenzing, ZSM-Gelande, 13.05.2002, 1♂ (J. Reichholf) (ZSSM);

Kazakhstan: Atbasar, Djabai river, 6.09.1935, 1♀ (Rezvoi) (ZISP); Poland: “ Silesia ”, “coll. H. Loew ”, 1♀ (Scholtz); “Rosenberg, Westprussia” [= Susz], 1♀ (Duda) (MNKB); “ Schlesien, Nimptsch” [= Niemcza, 50.72°N, 16.84°E], 19.07.1909, 1♂; 23.05.1910, 1♀; 13.08.1910, 1♀ (Duda) (MNKB); “Wustung, b. Habelschwerdt” [=Stara Bystrzyca, 50.2953°N, 16.6135°E], 19.06.1922, 1♀; 25.03.1923, 1♂; 7.05.1923, 1♂; (Duda) (MNKB);

Russia: Leningrad Region: “ St. Petersburg, Udelnaya st.” [60.02°N, 30.31°E], 12.10.1922, 1♀ (V. Fridolin); “Petrograd, Lesnoi”, 30.09.1932, 1♂ (Stackelberg) (ZISP); idem, 12.10.1935, 1♂ (Stackelberg) (ZISP); “ Gouv. Petrograd Tabor ” [58.89°N, 29.90°E], 19.08.1934, 1♀ (Stackelberg) (ZISP); Tolmachevo [58.86°N, 29.8°E], 11.06.1935, 1♂ ( Rodendorf); idem, 24.08.1935, 1♀ (Stackelberg) (ZISP); Gatchina [59.54°N, 30.09°E], 26.07.1940, 1♀ (Stackelberg); Luga [58.73°N, 29.81°E], 19.08.1953, 1♀; 23.08.1953, 6♂, 2♀; 25.08.1953 1♂, 1♀; 26.08.1954, 1♂ (Stackelberg) (ZISP); Yashchera [58.89°N, 29.83°E], 28.06.1957, 1♂; 1.07.1957, 2♀; 19.06.1961, 1♂; 28.06.1961, 1♀; 2.06.1962, 1♀; 24.06.1968, 1♂ (Stackelberg) (ZISP); Yaroslavl Region: Rostov-Jaroslawl rt. (206km), 13– 15.09.1965, 1♂, 3♀ (J. Verbeke) (RBINH; I.G.23.218) (ZISP) ; “ W. Russland, Jarburg ” (= Yaroslavl), 1.09.1903, 1♂, idem, 15.10.1905, 1♀ (Winogradoff-Nikitin) (ZISP) ; Novosibirsk Region, near Bolotnaya mountain, ex Sonchus arvensis flower heads coll. 08.1973—em. 0 8.1973, 1♀ ; Altai: Nalobikha, Kosihinskiy district, ex Sonchus arvensis flower heads, 24.07.—em. 5.08.1974, 1♀; Cheremshanka, ex S. arvensis flower heads, 29.07.—em. 0 8.1974 1♂; Srostki, Biyskiy district, “ex Cirsium setosum flower heads” [sic!], coll 30.07.— em. 0 8.1974, 1♂ (T. Runeva) (ZISP) ; Switzerland: VS: St. Germain, h= 670 m, ex Sonchus arvensis flower head, 26.07.—em. 10.08.1991, 1 ♂, 1♀ (Merz) (ZSSM) ; Ukraine: Cherkasy Region: Hryhorivka—Trakhtemyriv [49.95°N, 31.40°E], 1–4.08.1997, 1♂, 1♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) (SIZK) ; Kaniv, Pekarsky meadows, 2♂, 1♀ (Korneyev) (SIZK) ; Kaniv Nature Reserve, 23.06.1988, 1♀ (Zrazhevsky) (SIZK) (SIZK) ; Kyiv Region: “Spartak railway station” [= Piskivka, 50.73°N, 29.62°E], 12.10.1984, 4♂, 3♀ (Korneyev) (SIZK) ; idem, forest near Potashnia, 12.10.1984, 5♂, 3♀ (V. Korneyev) (SIZK) ; Khodosivka [50.27°N, 30.54°E], ex Sonchus palustris, 19.07.1985 , 6♂, 5♀ ( Korneyev); idem, ex S. palustris, 19.07.—em. 15.08.1985, 8♂, 5♀ (Korneyev) (SIZK) .

Diagnosis. Tephritis dilacerata dilacerata is similar to T. d. kaszabi in body coloration and wing pattern differing by having the oviscape shorter than 2.5 posteriormost tergites (usually as long as 2 posteriormost tergites) and aculeus 5 × as long as wide, shorter than 1.05 mm. T. d. kaszabi has oviscape longer than 2.5 posteriormost tergites (usually as long as 3 posteriormost tergites) and aculeus 8 × as long as wide, longer than 1.1 mm.

Terminalia: Female. Oviscape as long as 3 posteriormost abdominal tergites. Eversible membrane with 2 pairs of taeniae 0.35 × as long as membrane itself; with small scales on whole surface of the membrane (Fig. 10c). Aculeus 5 × as long as wide, with widely rounded apex (Figs 10a – b). 2 long and narrow, papillose spermathecae 7.5–8 × as long as wide (Fig. 10d).

Measurements: Female. BL= 4.8–5.2 mm (n=10); WL= 3.7–4.5 mm, C2= 0.8–1 mm; AL= 0.9–1.03 mm; AL/ C2=0.90–1.02. Male. BL= 4.2–4.6 mm (n=10); WL= 3.4–4.3 mm (n=10).

Host plants. Sonchus arvensis and S. palustris (Merz 1994) .

Distribution. Austria (Schiner 1864); Belarus (first record); Belgium (Baugnée 2006); Bulgaria (Merz & Korneyev 2004); Czech Republic (Heřman & Kinkorová 2009); Denmark; Estonia (first record); Finland (Kahanpää & Winqvist 2014); France (Séguy 1934); Germany (Merz 1999a); Hungary (Merz 2001 a); Italy (Belcari et al. 1995); Kazakhstan; Latvia (Karpa 2008); Norway; Poland; Romania; Russia: European Territory (Merz & Korneyev 2004), North Caucasus, West Siberia; Slovakia (Heřman & Kinkorová 2009); Sweden (Merz & Korneyev 2004); Switzerland (Merz 1994); Ukraine. Was introduced as an agent of Sonchus arvensis biocontrol to Canada in 1979, 1980 and 1981 but has not established (Foote et al. 1993).