Graphyllium caracolinense D.A.C. Almeida, Gusmão & A.N. Mill., sp. nov. MycoBank MB 807156 (Fig. 2)

Graphyllium caracolinense is similar to Graphyllium panduratum Checa et al. (2007: 288), but differs by having non-applanate ascospores with 1–3 longitudinal septa in the central cells and sometimes surrounded by a gelatinous sheath.

Type:— BRAZIL. Piauí: Caracol, Serra das Confusões National Park (9º13’22”S, 43º29’39”W), on twig of unidentified plant, 8 November 2011, D.A.C. Almeida s.n (holotype HUEFS 42838 ; isotype ILLS 71162).

Etymology:— Referring to the county (Caracol) in which it was collected.

Hysterothecia erumpent, black, carbonaceous, navicular, straight, often transversely segmented, with a longitudinal slit, sulcus deep, smooth laterally, gregarious, linear, 0.9–6.5 mm long × 0.2–0.5 mm high × 0.3–0.7 mm wide. Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, septate, apically branched, 1.5–2.5 µm wide. Asci bitunicate, clavate, 8-spored, irregularly biseriate, short-stalked, 130–223 × 22.5–25 µm. Ascospores pale brown, broadly ellipsoidal, narrowing at the ends, smooth, straight to slightly flexuous, transversally 7(–8)-septate, strongly constricted at the median septa, with 1–3 longitudinal septa in central cells, sometimes surrounded by a gelatinous sheath, 31–40 × 10–15 µm. Anamorph unknown. Notes:— The morphology and measurements of the hysterothecia of G. caracolinense are similar to Graphyllium panduratum, both being erumpent and transversely segmented. The measurements of the ascospores also are similar between these two species (30–38 × 10–13 µm versus 31–40 × 10–15 µm), but G. panduratum differs in having applanate and obpyriform ascospores that are longitudinally 3-septate and lack a sheath.