Anemone hortensis var. pavonina (Lam.) Gren. and Godr., Fl. France 1: 14 (1848)

≡ Anemone pavonina Lam. Encycl. 1 (1): 166 (1783) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3, 9.4): France? Without metadata “ Herb. Lamarck ” central multiple-tepalled flowering stem [P 00282070] (Fig. 1 D).

≡ Anemone coronaria var. pavonina (Lam.) Pers. Syn. pl. 2 (1): 97 (1806).

≡ Anemone hortensis subsp. pavonina (Lam.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 5 (1882, see note below).

≡ Anemone hortensis [forme] pavonina (Lam.) Rouy and Foucaud, Fl. France 1: 48 (1893) (nom. inval. See note above under synonymy of A. hortensis).

= Anemone regina Risso var. duplex Risso, Flore de Nice: 6 (1844) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): France, Alpes Maritimes, specimen labelled “ Anemone regina N. ” in Risso’s Herbarium, Flore du Département des Alpes-Maritimes, tome IV, folio 24 (lecto. P!) ; syntype: France, Alpes Maritimes, “ Champs des collines ”, Pointe Saint-Hospice, Cap Ferrat, Risso s. n. 1808 (syn. G-DC!) [G 00144565] .

= Anemone pavonina var. duplex Loret, Bull. Soc. bot. France 6: 33 (1859) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): France, “ Entre Cannes et Auribeau ”, H. Loret s. d., s. n. Herb. Loret (lecto. P!) [P 03181972] ; syntype: France, “ De Cannes à Auribeau ” H. Loret 210 s. d. Herb. Loret. (syn. P!) [P 03182118] ; syntype: France “ Cannes ” H. Loret s. n. s. d. (syn. P!) [P 00266525] .

= Anemone hortensis var. multisepala Albert and Jahand., Cat. pl. vasc. Var: 4 (1908) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): France, Var, “ Bords des champs et des chemins, Montauroux . (Etiquette égarée = lost label) ” A. Albert s. n., 15 March 1904 (P. lecto!) [P 02695672]; (isolecto. LY x 2!) as “ A. regina var. multisepala Herbier A. Albert ” A. Albert s. n. [LY 0030479; LY 0030470]; (isolecto. MPU x 2!) [MPU 522731; MPU 522732] ; syntypes: France, Var. Montauroux (as var. acutisepala) “ sous les oliviers ”, A. Albert s. n, 20 March 1904 (syn. P!) [P 03181968] ; Herbier A. Albert, Montauroux (Var), 20 March 1903, A. Albert s. n. (syn. LY x 2!) [LY 0674586; LY 0030469] ; Montauroux 15 May 1906, leg. A. Albert s. n. (syn. LY!) [LY 0030476] ; Montauroux, 8 April 1903 A. Albert s. n. (syn. TLON!) [TLON 07884] ; syntype Callian (Albert) n. v. ” .

Note.

In the Introduction to his “ Compendio della flora Italiana ”, Giovanni Arcangeli (1840–1921) stated, “ Ebbi cura inoltre di enumerare e descrivere solo le forme specifiche principali e ben accertate, includendo nel numero delle sottospecie e varietà, e talora omettendo, quelle non poche di data recente ed ancora non sufficientemente studiate, delle quali varii dei moderni fitografi si sono compiaciuti arricchire la flora nostra. Le sottospecie o razze che si presentano in alcune specie sono state contrassegnate con lettere greche, mentre le varietà sono state distinte con lettere latine. [I have also taken care to enumerate and describe only the principal and well-established specific forms, including in the list some subspecies and varieties, and sometimes omitting, not a few of recent date and which are still not sufficiently studied, with which several modern phytographers have been pleased to enrich our flora. The subspecies or races which appear in some species have been marked with Greek letters, while the varieties have been distinguished with Latin letters.] ” (Arcangeli 1882: vi). This statement whereby the Greek letter γ is placed before his entry for “ 22. Anemone hortensis γ pavonina validates it at the rank of subspecies even though he incorrectly attributes the basionym to Candolle but correctly states it to be a monstrous form (“ forma mostruosa ”) with “ sepali molto numerosi, lanceolati o lanceolato-lineari, acutissimi ” [multiple number of lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, most acute sepals] (Arcangeli 1882: 5). A year before his death he published a description of what he later termed Anemone hortensis var. pavonina, which clearly indicated that he was referring to multiple-tepalled plants that sometimes produced an outer ring of sepaloid photosynthetic bracts (Arcangeli 1920: 53).

Distribution and habitat.

Anemone hortensis var. pavonina is found across the range of the species and has become widely naturalised around Nice and along the Ligurian coastal region of Italy and also in the Landes region of Gascony (Fig. 1 A) in southwestern France. It grows in open meadows, among shrubs, sometimes in woodland clearings from 100 to 1600 m. Flowering from March to May. Some double-flowered plants also occur occasionally among wild populations in Eastern Europe.