Phymatocera peregrinator (Malaise, 1931), comb. nov.

(Figs 1A–C, 2A, C, G, J, 7B, 9A, C, F, J, M, 10B, D, G, H, 18)

Neotomostethus peregrinator Malaise, 1931a: 26; Malaise, 1931b: 210.

Phymatoceropsis peregrinator: Takeuchi 1952: 45; Abe & Togashi 1989: 554; Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev 1996: 364; Lelej & Taeger 2007: 954; Taeger et al. 2010: 346; Lelej 2012: 77; Sundukov 2017b: 52; Naito 2019: 62; Naito 2020: 362.

Phymatocera hokkaidonis Togashi, 2004: 49; Taeger et al. 2010: 345; Naito 2019: 62; Naito 2020: 361. Syn. nov.

Additional description: Female and male (previously undescribed). Length 6.3–7.0 mm in female (Fig. 18A–C), 5.3–6.1 mm in male (Fig. 18D). Female color as described by Malaise (1931a) and Togashi (2004), but fore tarsus and middle tibia and tarsus usually dark brown to black and female cercus yellowish brown to dark brown; foretibial spurs dark yellow and other tibial spurs dark brown or black; setae on body and legs whitish, but most setae on dorsa of head and thorax usually slightly brownish; setae on antenna white or pale brown. Male color same as female color; antenna brown to blackish brown, with setae black; male genitalia mostly black. OOL:POL 1.1–1.5:1.0 in female, 1.1–1.3:1.0 in male. Postocellar area with anterior furrow medially broad and deep or medially pit-like (Fig. 1B, C) (in one female, its bottom membranous), laterally shallow or indistinct; lateral furrow deep and distinctly or slightly elongated, but often punctiform in male. Ocellar area with interocellar furrow indistinct. Distance between eyes at anterior tentorial pit 1.3–1.4 × eye height in both sexes. Frontal area with lateral ridge distinct (Fig. 1B, C). Malar space breadth 0.5–0.8 × median ocellus width in female, 0.4–0.7 × in male. Antenna slender, almost filiform (Figs 10G, H, 18A–D). In female, antenna length 2.1–2.4 × head width; flagellum not compressed, with setae slanted toward apex of antenna and about as long as 1/2 middle width of flagellomere 1 (Fig. 9F); basal and middle flagellomeres apically barely expanded (Fig. 18A, C); flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.74–0.88 × eye height, 3.0–4.0 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 0.96–1.1 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 3.4–4.5 × breadth in lateral view. In male, antenna length 2.7–3.2 × head width; flagellum compressed from both sides; each flagellomeres except for apical one expanded apically (Fig. 18D); setae slightly slanted toward apex of antenna and about as long as 1/2 middle width of flagellomere 1 (Fig. 9J); flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.87–0.97 × eye height, 2.6–3.0 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 1.1–1.2 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 3.9–5.0 × breadth in lateral view.

Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum covered with setae, but not very densely; mesoscutellum often medially narrowly glabrous (Fig. 2A). Metascutellum glabrous, usually laterally with several setae, or rarely mostly covered with sparse setae. Epicnemium covered with setae except for narrow anterior part, and markedly raised, with epicnemial groove deep (Fig. 10D). Mesepisternum glabrous on wide ventrolateral part; setae sparse on ventral part. Furrow dividing katepimeron into anterior and posterior parts usually distinct; setae present on posterior raised margin. Hind tarsus with length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.3 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female and male. Tarsal claws with inner tooth small or very small in female (Fig. 18E), very small in male (Fig. 18F). In fore wing, proximal part of vein 2A+3A bifurcated, with anterior branch separated from vein 1A or rarely fused with vein 1A, and basally narrowing or disappearing and becoming small isolated piece (Fig. 2G); cell 2Rs as long as or longer than cells 1R1 and 1Rs combined in posterior length (Figs 2G, 18A, C, D); junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs far or slightly proximal to junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3r-m.

Abdomen shiny and slightly microsculptured (Fig. 18C, D). In female abdomen, ovipositor sheath 0.80–0.88 × as long as hind tibia; valvula 3 slightly or distinctly extending beyond tergum 10 posteriorly (Fig. 18H), in lateral view with apex widely rounded or rarely narrowly rounded, dorsal edge straight and ventral edge slightly rounded. Lancet sinuate, with 15–16 annuli (Fig. 18I, L); ctenidia ventrally narrowing, not reaching to ventral edge of lancet (Fig. 18J); serrulae angularly convex, each with posterior slope slightly longer than anterior slope, without tubercle; middle serrulae each with 6–9 denticles on anterior slope and 9–13 denticles on posterior slope, although denticles on apex sometimes inconspicuous probably due to wear; marginal sensilla each with apex located at apex of serrula. Male genitalia (Fig. 18M, N) with parapenis well developed, entirely sclerotized, and apically widely rounded. In penis valve (Fig. 18O), valviceps about as long as valvura, with dorsal edge markedly roundly convex on apical half, apex widely rounded, and ventral edge basally rounded.

Material examined. Type material of Neotomostethus peregrinator Malaise, 1931: Lectotype (here designated): ♀, with five labels, “Hakodate Japan Malaise ”, “Typus”, “ Neotomostethus peregrinator n. sp. Typus Malaise det”, “NRM Sthlm Loan 547/10” and “NHRS-HEVA000019819” (Figs 1B, C, 2A, 10B, 18A, B) (NHRS). --- Paralectotype: 1♀, with five labels, “KAMTSCHATKA Malaise”, “ Paratypus ”, “ Neotomostethus peregrinator n. sp. Paratypus Malaise det”, “NRM Sthlm Loan 548/10” and “NHRS-HEVA000019818” (Fig. 18G) (NHRS). Malaise (1931a) described this species from three females collected by the author, one near “Petropawlowsk, Kamtchatca” and two near “Hakodate in Japan ”. Only the above two types are now kept in the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Malaise (1931a) did not designate the holotype, although the two types are differently labelled “Typus” and “ Paratypus ”. We designate the type from Hakodate labelled “Typus” as the lectotype.

Type material of Phymatocera hokkaidonis Togashi, 2004: Holotype: ♀, with three labels, “Izumisawa Chitose 15/V, 1993 Y.NISHIJIMA”, “ Holotype Phymatocera hokkaidonis sp. nov. ” and “NSMT-HYM 62242” (Figs 9F, 18C) (NSMT). --- Paratype: 1♀, with three labels, “Izumisawa Chitose 15/V, 1993 Y.NISHIJIMA”, “ Paratype Phymatocera hokkaidonis sp. nov. ” and “NSMT-HYM 38096”; 1♀, with same data label but “2/VI, 1993” and “NSMT-HYM 62243” (Figs 7B, 9A, 10G, 18E, I–L) (NSMT).

Other material examined: JAPAN: HOKKAIDO: 1♀, Shikaoi, lake Shikaribetsu-ko, 800 m alt., 22–23. VI. 2000, A. Shinohara (NSMT) ; 1♀ 1♂, Kamikawa, Sounkyo, 19. VI. 1938, K. Sato (NSMT) ; 1♀, Higashikawa, Asahidakeonsen, 1050 m alt., 43°39’N 142°47’E, 29–30. VI. 2000, A. Shinohara (NSMT) ; 5♀ 4♂, same data but, 23–26. VI. 2007, A. Shinohara (Fig. 18D) (NSMT); 1♀ 2♂, same data but, 22–24. VI. 2008 (Fig. 18F, M–O) (NSMT); 3♀ 2♂, same data but, 27–29. VI. 2009 (Figs 9J, 10H) (NSMT); 2♀, same data but, 5. VII. 2010 (NSMT); 2♂, same data but, 29. VI. 2013 (NSMT); 1♀, same data but, 26. VI. 2015 (NSMT); 1♀ 1♂, same data but, 21. VI. 2016 (NSMT); 1♀, Fukagawa, Takadomari, 6–14. VI. 2007, H. Hara (NSMT) ; 2♀, Sapporo, 16, 18. V. 1930, S. Fujii (NSMT) ; 1♀, Sapporo, “Zyo.”, 21. V. 1964, “ K. Kushig. ” (HU) ; 1♀, Sapporo, Hitsujigaoka, 43°00’N 141°24’E, 25. VI. – 2. VII. 2003, K. Konishi (NSMT) ; 2♀ 1♂, Sapporo, Hoheikyo, 12, 15. VI. 1979, A. Shinohara (NSMT) ; 1♀, Sapporo, “Zyo.”, 21. V. 1964, “ K. Kushige. ” (HU) ; 8♀, Abira, Oiwake, 42°52’N 141°48’E, 12, 15, V. 2020, H. Hara (Figs 1A, 2C, G, J, 9C, 10D, 18H) (NSMT) ; 1♀, same data but, 3. V. 2023, H. Hara (NSMT); 1♀, Abira, “Hayakita”, 30. V. 1986, H. Hara (NSMT) . --- HONSHU: 1♀, Tottori Pref., Mt. Daisen, Yokotemichi, ca. 850 m alt., 35°22’39’’N 133°31’22’’E, 28–29. IV. 2007, A. Shinohara (NSMT) .

Distribution. Russia: Kamchatka (Malaise 1931a). Japan: Hokkaido (Malaise 1931a, Togashi 2004), Honshu (new record).

The original description states the localities of the type specimens as Kamchatka and near “Hakodate in Japan ”, the latter of which is undoubtedly a city in Hokkaido. However, Abe & Togashi (1989) listed only “[Honshu (in Japanese)]” as the distribution of this species. This is incorrect, and we have been unable to find any records from Honshu based on evidence (such as specimen data). Probably due to their mistake, Lelej (2012), Sundukov (2017b) and Naito (2019, 2020) included Honshu in addition to Kamchatka and Hokkaido in the distribution of this species. In this study, this species is recorded from Honshu for the first time.

Host plant. Unknown.

Life history. Adults were collected during early May and early July in Hokkaido.

Remarks. This species is distinguished from the other East Palearctic species of the P. fumipennis group, P. fuscata comb. nov., by the characters given in the key and the remarks in the latter species section.

This species quite agrees with the descriptions of Nearctic P. similata by Smith (1969) and Goulet (1981). However, the former differs from the latter by having the apical tooth of the tarsal claw sharply curved (Fig. 18E, F) and the lancet with ctenidial setae becoming shorter and less distinct ventrally and serrulae shallower (Fig. 18J). The latter species has the apical tooth of the tarsal claw gently curved (Smith 1969, Goulet 1981) and the lancet with ctenidial setae long and distinct throughout and serrulae deeper (fig. 144 in Smith 1969).

Togashi (2004) wrote, “post-genal carina distinct below eye” in the original description of Phymatocera hokkaidonis, but the holotype and two paratypes has the posterior edge of the gena not carinate.