Xyleborus cognatus Blandford, 1896 Fig. 88E, F, K

Xyleborus cognatus Blandford, 1896a: 19.

Type material.

Syntypes (NHMUK).

Diagnosis.

2.8-3.1 mm long (mean = 2.96 mm; n = 5); 2.8-3.1 × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at distal 1/3; declivity smooth, shiny (specimen must be dry); large size; declivital interstriae 1 and 3 armed with two or three pairs of large tubercles; interstriae 2 sparsely granulate at declivital summit; and elytra darker on declivity than disc.

This species is very similar to X. perforans with which it has often been treated as a synonym. It is distinguished by the larger size, generally more slender form (vs. 2.67-2.89 × as long as wide), larger interstrial tubercles and typically bicolored elytra.

Similar species.

Xyleborus affinis, X. ferrugineus, X. festivus, X. perforans, X. pfeilii, X. volvulus .

Distribution.

Australia, India (Andaman Is, Bihar, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra, Sumbawa), East & West Malaysia, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.

Host plants.

Polyphagous (Beeson 1930; Browne 1961b; Ohno 1990).

Remarks.

The species is frequently associated with mangrove forests, but also attacks a very wide variety of other trees (Browne 1961b; Maiti and Saha 2004).