Euwallacea similis (Ferrari, 1867) Fig. 58E, F, K

Xyleborus similis Ferrari, 1867: 23.

Wallacellus similis (Ferrari): Hulcr and Cognato 2010a: 29.

Euwallacea similis (Ferrari) Storer et al. 2015: 396.

Bostrichus ferrugineus Bohemann, 1858: 88. Preoccupied by Fabricius (1801). Synonymy: Schedl 1960a: 11.

Xyleborus parvulus Eichhoff, 1868b: 152. Synonymy: Schedl 1959: 505.

Xyleborus dilatatus Eichhoff, 1878b: 393. Synonymy: Schedl 1959: 505.

Xyleborus submarginatus Blandford, 1896b: 223. Synonymy: Eggers 1929: 48.

Xyleborus bucco Schaufuss, 1897: 212. Synonymy: Schedl 1959: 505.

Xyleborus capito Schaufuss, 1897: 215. Synonymy: Schedl 1959: 505.

Xyleborus novaguineanus Schedl, 1936b: 530. Synonymy: Wood 1989: 177.

Xyleborus dilatatulus Schedl, 1953a: 127. Synonymy: Wood 1989: 177.

Type material.

Lectotype Xyleborus bucco (NMNH). Lectotype Xyleborus capito (NMNH).

New records.

China: Chongqing, Gele Mtn, 5.v.2016, Tian-Shang, Lv-Jia, ex Broussonetia sp. (RABC, 1). Hong Kong, Tai Po Kau, vi.2017, J. Skelton (MSUC, 1). India: Assam-Arunachal Pradesh border, Bhalukpong, 27°00'48"N, 92°39'08"E, 150 m, 1-8.v.2012, L. Dembický, ex FIT (ZFMK, 5). Laos: Bolikhamxai, Ban Nape, 18°20'N, 105°08'E, 500 m, 1-18.v.2000, P. Pachlolátoko (NHMP, 4). Khammouane, Hin Boun river, Ban Nathan, Camp de l’Agame, 17°59.645'N, 104°49.352'E, IBCFL, Operation Canopée, 7.v.2012, H.-P. Aberlenc (RABC, 2). Luang Namtha, Tong On village, 47Q 0750111, UTM 2321825, 552 m, 1.v.2005, N. Jönsson, T. Malm, B. Viklund, ex light trap (SMNH, 1). Vientiane, 10 km N Luang-Prabang, Mekhong river, 240 km N Vientiane, hills c. 250 m, poor settlem[ent], prim[ary] veget[ation] lux, iii.1993, Insomsay Somsy (MFNB, 18); as previous except: iv.1993 (MFNB, 30); Ban Van Eue, 31.xii.1965, native collector (BPBM, 2); as previous except: Vientiane city, Donchan sand dune in Mekong river, 17°57.4'N, 102°36.5'E, ~ 180 m, J. Hájek (NHMP, 1); N, 10 km N Luang Prabang, Mekong river, 240 km N. Vientiane, hilly country, sparse, settled primary vegetation, xii.1992, I. Somsy (NKME, 1). Vietnam: Bach Kan, Ba Be N.P., cabins, 255 m, 20-24.ix.2013, J.B. Heppner (FSCA, 2). [Da Lak], 10 km E of BanME Thout [sic] [= Buon Ma Thout], 570 m, 7.v.1960, R.E. Leech (BPBM, 1). Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P., 11.46050, 107.37375, 379 m, 22.ii.2017, VN94, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex under bark; 30 cm diameter (MSUC, 91); as previous except: ecology trail, 11°26'22"N, 107°24'58"E, 120 m, 28-31.v.1999, D.C. Darling, N. Tatamic, VIET1H95-99 042, ex pan trap (SEMC, 1). Hatay, Ba Vi Nat. Pk, 455 m, 19-23.vii.2010, J.B. Heppner, Y.S. Bae (FSCA, 1). Tonkin, Hoa-Binh, 1929, A. De Cooman (MNHN, 1). Ninh Binh, Doi Vac, Cuc Phuong, 10-16.ix.2013, J.B. Heppner (FSCA, 11). Thua Thien-Hue, Bach Ma N.P., 16.22897, 107.85349, 415 m, 15.ii.2017, VN55, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex 5 cm diameter branch (MSUC, 1). Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong N.P., Mac Lake, 20°15'29.0"N, 105°42'27.5"E, 155 m, 4-7.v.2009, J.B. Heppner, ex blacklight trap (FSCA, 1). Vinh Phuc, Me Linh Biodiversity Station, Dai Lai Lake, 100 m, 27-29.ix.2013, J.B. Heppner (FSCA, 3); as previous except Tam Dao (SE), 25-31.vii.2010, 985 m, J.B. Heppner (FSCA, 1). Yen Bai, Tan Huong, 21.82410, 104.89651, 30.viii.2015, Pham Thu, ex funnel trap (RJRC, 1).

Diagnosis.

2.3-2.5 mm long (mean = 2.42 mm; n = 5); 2.88-3.13 × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by declivital interstriae 1 laterally broadened, bearing a large median tubercle and several small granules (rarely median tubercles absent); small body size and elongate form; and red brown color.

Similar species.

Euwallacea piceus, Planiculus spp., Xyleborus affinis, X. cognatus, X. ferrugineus, X. perforans, X. volvulus .

Distribution.

Throughout the Oriental region from the Indian subcontinent through southeast Asia and Indonesia to New Guinea, Australia, and the Pacific islands; tropical Africa, Indian Ocean islands. Recorded in the study area from Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Chongqing*, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong*, Yunnan), India (Andaman Is, Assam, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Nicobar Is, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Laos*, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Introduced to the US (Rabaglia et al. 2006; Gomez et al. 2018a) and Central and South America (Wood 2007).

Host plants.

Strongly polyphagous (Browne 1961b; Schedl 1963a).

Remarks.

The biology of the species is discussed by Browne (1961a, 1968), Kalshoven (1964) and Schedl (1963a).