Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1876) Fig. 13A, B, I

Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, 1876a: 201.

Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff): Hulcr and Cognato 2009: 22.

Xyleborus collis Niisima, 1910: 12. Synonymy: Smith et al. 2018b: 392.

Type material.

The holotype of Xyleborus atratus was destroyed in the bombing of UHZM in World War II (Wood and Bright 1992). Syntypes of Xyleborus collis should be housed in NIAES but have not been located (Smith et al. 2018b).

New records.

China: Chongqing, Nanshan, 20.viii.2015, Wang, J-G., Lv-Jia, Tian-Shang (RABC, 4); as previous except: Simian mtn, 7.v.2016, Tian-Shang, Lv-Jia (RABC, 1). Fukien [Fujian], Shaowu, Tachuland, 10-14.iv.1943, T.C. Ma (BPBM, 1).

Diagnosis.

3.3-3.5 mm long (mean = 3.46 mm; n = 5); 2.75-2.92 × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by all declivital interstriae granulate along the entire length; pronotum from lateral view long (type 8); declivital striae 1 and 2 moderately to strongly impressed; declivital interstriae moderately and uniformly granulate, granules on interstriae 3 spaced by a distance of 2-3 diameters of a granule; interstrial setae long, hair-like; and large size.

Similar species.

Ambrosiophilus caliginestris, A. satoi, A. sulcatus .

Distribution.

China (Chongqing*, Fujian, Shanxi), Japan, South & North Korea, Taiwan. Introduced to Europe and North America (Atkinson et al. 1990; Faccoli 2008; Gomez et al. 2018a).

Host plants.

Polyphagous (Faccoli 2008; Beaver and Liu 2010).

Remarks.

Kasson et al. (2016) have shown that the symbiotic association of the species with the fungus, Flavodon ambrosius, has allowed niche expansion with large, long-lived, interconnecting colonies, overlapping generations, and pre-dispersal oviposition by young females.