Pseudalopex culpaeus (Molina, 1782) . Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, p. 293.

TYPE LOCALITY: " Chili " restricted by Cabrera (1931) to "the Santiago Province."

DISTRIBUTION: From Tierra del Fuego through the Andes of Chile and Argentina to the highlands of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.

STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.

SYNONYMS: albigula Philippi, 1903; amblyodon Philippi, 1903; andina Thomas, 1914; chilensis Kerr, 1792; ferrugineus Huber, 1925; lycoides Philippi, 1896; magellanicus Gray, 1836; montanus Prichard, 1902; prichardi Thomas, 1914; reissii Hilzheimer, 1906; riveti Trouessart, 1906; smithersi Thomas, 1914.

COMMENTS: Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1987, 1988); and in Dusicyon by Cabrera (1958). Considered in Canis (Pseudalopex) by Langguth (1975), Clutton-Brock et al. (1976), and Van Gelder (1978). Includes culpaeolus (part) and inca (part), mismatched skin and skull (Langguth, 1967).