Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780 . Spicil. Zool., 14:5.

TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. In Pallas' (1780) description, he refered to Brickell (1737) who implied North Carolina (USA) by stating they "are very common in this province." Palmer (1904) listed the locality as "eastern North America" .

DISTRIBUTION: NC Alaska to Labrador and Newfoundland (Canada), south to C California, N Nevada (USA), N Nayarit and S Tamaulipas (Mexico), and Florida (USA).

STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.

SYNONYMS: altifrontalis Elliot, 1903; amblyceps Baird, 1859; californiensis Miller, 1900; carlottae Osgood, 1901; cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman, 1854; emmonsii Dall, 1895; eremicus Merriam, 1904; floridanus Merriam, 1896; glacilis Kells, 1897; hamiltoni Cameron, 1957; hunteri Anderson, 1944; hylodromus Elliot, 1904; kenaiensis Allen, 1910; kermodei Hornaday, 1905; luteolus Griffith, 1821; machetes Elliot, 1903; perniger Allen, 1910; pugnax Swarth, 1911; randi Anderson, 1944; sornborgeri Bangs, 1898; vancouveri Hall, 1928.