Mustela frenata Lichtenstein, 1831 . Darst. Säugeth., text:"Das gezäumte Wiesel" [not paginated], and plate 42.

TYPE LOCALITY: "der Nähe von Mexico " .

DISTRIBUTION: S Canada to Venezuela and Bolivia, excluding the SW deserts of the USA.

SYNONYMS: aequatorialis Coues, 1877; affinis Gray, 1874; agilis Tschudi, 1844; alleni Merriam, 1896; altifrontalis Hall, 1936; arizonensis Mearns, 1891; arthuri Hall, 1927; aureoventris Gray, 1864; boliviensis Hall, 1938; brasiliensis Sevastianoff, 1813; cicognanii Henninger, 1921; costaricensis Goldman, 1912; effera Hall, 1936; fusca DeKay, 1842; goldmani Merriam, 1896; gracilis Brown, 1908; helleri Hall, 1935; inyoensis Hall, 1936; jelskii Taczanowski, 1881; latirostra Hall, 1936; leucoparia Merriam, 1896; longicauda Bonaparte, 1838; macrophonius Elliot, 1905; macrura Taczanowski, 1874; meridana Hollister, 1914; mexicanus Coues, 1877; munda Grinnell, 1933; mundus Bangs, 1899; neomexicanus Barber and Cockerell, 1898; nevadensis Hall, 1936; nicaraguae Allen, 1916; nigriauris Hall, 1936; notius Bangs, 1899; noveboracensis Emmons, 1840; occisor Bangs, 1899; olivacea Howell, 1913; oregonensis Merriam, 1896; oribasus Bangs, 1899; panamensis Hall, 1932; peninsulae Rhoads, 1894; perdus Merriam, 1902; perotae Hall, 1936; primulina Jackson, 1913; pulchra Hall, 1936; richardsonii Baird, 1858; saturatus Merriam, 1896; spadix Bangs, 1896; texensis Hall, 1936; tropicalis Merriam, 1896; washingtoni Merriam, 1896; xanthogenys Gray, 1843 .

COMMENTS: Youngman (1982) placed frenata in the subgenus Mustela .