Key to species of Cheiromyia (males)

1 Postpedicel with one elongate projection on outer surface (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 1A); antenna entirely dark brown; face dark brown and narrow; femora infuscate (Brazil: Amazonas)........................................ C. bicornis Brooks

- Postpedicel with several projections on outer surface (Figs 1–4, 6, 8); antenna with scape and pedicel pale, postpedicel entirely dark brown, or pale basally; face silvery white or opaque yellow, width various (Figs 1–3; Brooks et al. 2010, figs 2A–C); at least fore and hind femora mostly pale (fore femur of C. nordestina Limeira-de-Oliveira & Cumming sp. nov. infuscate anteroventrally at mid length)............................................................................ 2

2 Postpedicel elongate subtriangular, gradually tapering to apex (Figs 4–7), outer surface with 5–11 projections............ 3

- Postpedicel subovoid basally with abruptly narrowed digitiform apex, outer surface with 3–5 projections (Fig. 8; Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 1B)........................................................................................ 5

3 Postpedicel with short, stubby projections (Fig. 6); fore femur with anterior surface pale yellow, lacking denser setulae anteroventrally (Fig. 12); cercus mainly pale on ventral (inner) surface with only posterior and lateral margin infuscate (Fig. 20) (Brazil: Ceará, Maranhão, Piauí and São Paulo).............. C. nordestina Limeira-de-Oliveira & Cumming sp. nov.

- Postpedicel with long projections (Fig. 4; Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 1D); fore femur with anterior surface bright yellow-orange, with denser setulae anteroventrally (Figs 11, 13, 14); cercus more extensively infuscate on ventral (inner) surface (Figs 15, 2 3).................................................................................................... 4

4 Fore femur with infuscate area anteroventrally at mid length, with associated crest of dense elongated setulae below infuscate area (Fig. 11); mid femur brown on anterior and posterior surfaces; postpedicel with 6–7 projections (Fig. 4); face relatively narrow (Fig. 2); apicoventral epandrial lobe short and subtriangular (Fig. 17); hypandrium asymmetrical (Fig. 16); smaller species, wing length about 4.2 mm (Brazil: Maranhão)................... C. carolina Limeira-de-Oliveira & Brooks sp. nov.

- Fore femur without infuscate area anteroventrally, with denser setulae running along most of anteroventral edge (Figs 13, 14); mid femur pale; postpedicel with 9–11 projections (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 1D); face broad (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 2A); apicoventral epandrial lobe elongate and curved (Fig. 24); hypandrium more or less symmetrical; larger species, wing length 4.8– 5.1 mm (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 7) (Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana).......................... C. pennaticornis (Parent)

5 Fore leg with tarsomere 2 slightly longer than tarsomere 3; cercus large and triangular with series of long, strong setae along posterior margin (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 6A); face narrow (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 2C) (Ecuador, Brazil, Surinam, French Guiana)......................................................................... C. palmaticornis (Parent) - Fore leg with tarsomere 2 shorter than tarsomere 3 (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 4A); cercus ovoid or subquadrate, with relatively short marginal setae (Fig. 19); face wider (as in Fig. 1)....................................................... 6

6 Wing infuscate (Fig. 10); postpedicel dark brown (Fig. 8); fore tibia not swollen; hypandrium with preapical hook-like process on each side (Fig. 18) (French Guiana)...................................... C. fuscipennis Pollet & Brooks sp. nov.

- Wing hyaline (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 2D); postpedicel pale basally (especially on medial surface, Fig. 1); fore tibia slightly swollen (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 4A); hypandrium without preapical hook-like process on each side (Brooks et al. 2010, figs 4C, 5C)............................................................................................. 7

7 Left apicoventral epandrial lobe lacking acute apicodorsal projection (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 4B); face relatively narrow (Fig. 1) (Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil).............................................. C. brevitarsis Brooks

- Left apicoventral epandrial lobe with acute apicodorsal projection (Brooks et al. 2010, fig. 5A); face wider (Costa Rica)............................................................................................ C. laselva Brooks