Subfamily Eumeninae Leach

This is the most species rich subfamily in Iran, as indeed in the entire world. The following key allows separation of all the genera known from Iran. In the key, metasomal terga and sterna are denoted as “TI” for the first tergum, and so forth.

1. Metasoma petiolate: segment I in dorsal view with width half or less that of II, and at least twice as long as wide, usually longer (Figs. 18, 23–25)....................................................................................................2 - Metasoma not petiolate: segment I with width more than half that of II, much less than twice as long as wide (Figs. 19–22, 26–30)...........................................................................................................................9 2. Forewing with recurrent veins received in separate cells (Figs. 41, 45) ................... Raphiglossa Saunders Forewing with recurrent veins both received in second submarginal cell (Figs. 42–44, 46–47) ................3 3. Midtibia with two spurs (Fig. 48) .................................................................................. Discoelius Latreille - Midtibia with one spur................................................................................................................................ 4 4. Propodeum posterolaterally toothed (Fig. 67) .................................................. Cyrtolabulus van der Vecht - Propodeum not toothed posterolaterally (Fig. 68).......................................................................................5 5. TII with translucent apical lamella, clearly separated from disc by preapical thickening (Figs. 9, 24) ........ ......................................................................................................................................... Eumenes Latreille - TII with apical lamella not preceded by thickening (Figs. 23, 25)..............................................................6 6. TI much longer than mesosoma (Fig. 23), parallel-sided for apical two thirds (Fig. 18) and almost flattened dorsally (Fig. 23); pronotum in dorsal view parallel-sided ...................... Ischnogasteroides Magretti - TI not or little longer than mesosoma, apically swollen (Fig. 25); pronotum in dorsal view convex anteriorly.............................................................................................................................................................. 7 7. Clypeus apically bluntly angular (female) or flatly convex (male; Fig. 35); tempora in dorsal view as long as eye; male with SVII broadly depressed.......................................................... Katamenes Meade-Waldo - Clypeus apically emarginate (Fig. 36); tempora in dorsal view shorter than eye; male with SVII not depressed..................................................................................................................................................... 8 8. Male TVII rounded and SVII with narrow median groove (Fig. 69); TI usually smooth; male antenna with last article about as large as preceding articles................................................................ Delta de Saussure - Male TVII hoodlike (Fig. 71), SVII basally convex, distally forming lobate process (Fig. 70); male antenna with last article reduced............................................................................. Alfieria Giordani Soika 9. Forewing with recurrent veins received in separate cells (Figs. 41, 45) ..................... Psiliglossa Saunders - Forewing with recurrent veins both received in second submarginal cell (Figs. 42–44, 46–47) ..............10 10. Forewing with second submarginal cell petiolate anteriorly (Fig. 47) ............................. Alastor Lepeletier - Second submarginal cell not petiolate anteriorly (Figs. 41–46) ...............................................................11 11. Tegula evenly rounded posteriorly, not emarginate adjoining parategula and usually not reaching apex of latter (Fig. 56); male antennae apically spiralled ......................................................................................12 - Tegula not evenly rounded posteriorly, emarginate adjoining parategula and usually reaching or surpassing apex of latter (Figs. 57–63); male antennae apically hooked or simple ............................................. 19 12. Labial palpi 3-segmented, in female broadly flattened or apically increasing in size, fringed with hairs, forming psammophore (Figs. 31, 37, 39); male mandible with penultimate tooth often not excised.......13 - Labial palpi 4-segmented, female without psammophore (Fig. 34); male mandible with penultimate tooth often deeply and broadly excised .............................................................................................................16 13. Forewing with prestigma longer than pterostigma (Fig. 44); third segment of labial palpi not flattened; body pubescence short; female without cephalic foveae ........................................ Cephalochilus Blüthgen - Forewing with prestigma shorter than pterostigma (Figs. 41–42, 45–47); third segment of labial palpi flattened or not; body pubescence long; female with cephalic foveae ...........................................................14 14. Maxillary palpi five-segmented; labial palpi fringed with long setae apically, in female with both apical segments flattened (Fig. 31); clypeal apex wide, about as wide as interantennal distance, truncate in female (Fig. 31) and scarcely emarginate in male ........................................................... Pterocheilus Klug - Maxillary palpi six-segmented; clypeal apex usually emarginate ............................................................15 15. Labial palpi not fringed with long hairs on apical half of third segment, in female both apical segments cylindrical, third pointed and needle-shaped (Fig. 39); male without sternal brushes .................................. ................................................................................................................................. Hemipterochilus Ferton - Labial palpi fringed with long hairs on apical half of third segment, in female third segment wide, flattened (Fig. 37); male usually with dense brush of hairs on S III–V .............. Onychopterocheilus Blüthgen 16. Prestigma longer than pterostigma (Figs. 43–44); scutum with anterior smooth area .................................. ............................................................................................................................. Paravespa Radoszkowski - Prestigma shorter than pterostigma (Figs. 41–42, 45–47); scutum without anterior smooth area … 17

17. Pronotum with sharply projecting anteroventral angle (Fig. 55); parapsidal furrows distinct; mesepisternum with epicnemial carina; humeri often toothlike ........................................ Paragymnomerus Blüthgen - Pronotum without sharply projecting anteroventral angle (Fig. 51); parapsidal furrows absent ..............18 18. Preoccipital carina present dorsally; female: cephalic foveae closely spaced, nearer occipital margin than posterior ocelli (Fig. 38); clypeus deeply emarginate; mandible with penultimate tooth deeply excised; male: midlegs normal .............................................................................................. Gymnomerus Blüthgen - Preoccipital carina absent dorsally; female: cephalic foveae well separated, located midway between posterior ocelli and occipital margin (Fig. 40); clypeus truncate or weakly emarginate; mandible without excisions; male: midcoxae lobed, or midfemur ventrally with two excisions............... Odynerus Latreille 19. TI with transverse carina (Figs. 19–21).....................................................................................................20 - TI without carina (Figs. 22, 26–30) .......................................................................................................... 24 20 TI with broad longitudinal median furrow posterior to carina (Fig. 20); mesepisternum with epicnemial carina; male antenna simple apically; female cephalic foveae well separated, located midway between posterior ocelli and occipital margin (Fig. 40) ........................................................ Symmorphus Wesmael - TI without broad groove (Figs. 19, 21); mesepisternum without epicnemial carina; male antenna hooked apically; female cephalic foveae closely spaced, nearer occipital margin than posterior ocelli (Fig. 38) 21 21. Submarginal carina not extended posteriorly as pointed process above valvula (Fig. 50)............................ ................................................................................................................................. Ancistrocerus Wesmael - Submarginal carina extended posteriorly as pointed process above valvula (Fig. 49)..............................22 22. Pretegular carina present (Figs. 51, 55); epicnemial carina present or absent............................................... .............................................................................................................. Tachyancistrocerus Giordani Soika - Pretegular carina absent (Fig. 67); epicnemial carina present...................................................................23 23. TI short, much wider than long; carina at about middle of tergum (Fig. 19) Eustenancistrocerus Blüthgen - TI about as long as wide or longer; carina at anterior narrow part of tergum, weak (Fig. 21)...................... ........................................................................................................................... Jucancistrocerus Blüthgen 24. TII with translucent apical lamella, clearly differentiated from disc which is much thicker (Figs. 26–29). .................................................................................................................................................................. 25 - TII without distinct lamella, sometimes bordered but apex not much thinner than disc (Fig. 30)............26 25. TII without apical crenulae or foveae (Figs. 28–29); propodeum with submarginal carina and vavula not projecting; scutum longer than wide ....................................................................... Microdynerus Thomson - TII with apical row of crenulae or foveae (Figs. 26–27); propodeum with submarginal carina and vavula differentiated; scutum variable, usually not or little longer than wide .................. Leptochilus de Saussure 26. TI with transparent or translucent apical border (Fig. 30); propodeum sometimes with superior carinae well developed, more or less lamelliform..................................................................................................27 - TI without border; propodeum without superior carinae...........................................................................32 27. Propodeum without carinae or lamellae behind the metanotum (if superior carina present, it does not approach the scutellum).............................................................................................................................28 - Propodeum with carinae or lamellae behind the metanotum (Figs. 74–75) ..............................................29 28. Metanotum, seen from above, with semicircular ridge between the horizontal and vertical surfaces (Fig. 73) ......................................................................................................................... Antodynerus de Saussure - Metanotum, seen from above, with straight ridge between the horizontal and vertical surfaces, not arched (Figs. 68, 72).......................................................................................................... Euodynerus Dalla Torre [part: subgenus Euodynerus]

29. Parategula small, partly concealed by tegula; tegula narrow and apically bent inwards (Fig. 59)................ .............................................................................................................................. Knemodynerus Blüthgen

- Parategula large, not concealed by tegula; tegula shape different, apically not bent inwards (Fig. 60)....30

30. Pronotum without lamellate dorsal carina (Fig. 84); epicnemial carina scarcely recognizable in general sculpture; metasoma dorsally covered with a short, recumbent bristles; male with midfemur flattened on 2/3 of the length and hindtibia distally swollen.................................................... Chlorodynerus Blüthgen

- Pronotum with lamellate dorsal carina clearly developed (Fig. 4); metasoma dorsally with little pubescence, only visible apically; male with midfemur not flattened and hindtibia not apically swollen.........31

31. Metanotum not cristate; propodeum with superior carinae elevated near metanotum (Fig. 74), more closely spaced than width of metanotum (Fig. 75) ................................................ Syneuodynerus Blüthgen

- Metanotum transverse, cristate along declivity (Figs. 68, 72); propodeum with superior carinae not approaching metanotum so closely ........................................................................ Euodynerus Dalla Torre [part: subgenus Pareuodynerus Blüthgen]

32. Pretegular carina absent (Fig. 67)................................................................... Parodontodynerus Blüthgen

- Pretegular carina present (Figs. 51, 55) .................................................................................................... 33

33. Scutum posteriorly and scutellum impunctate.............................................................. Rhynchium Spinola

- Scutum and scutellum punctate ................................................................................................................34

34. Metanotum bidentate (Figs. 64–66)...........................................................................................................35

- Metanotum not bidentate (in some Pseudepipona slightly bilobed) (Figs. 72–75)...................................37

35. Metanotum laterally with short spines (Fig. 66), flat in between.......................... Antepipona de Saussure

- Metanotum laterally with strong upright teeth (Fig. 65), depressed in between (Fig. 64) ........................36

36. Scutellum bilobed, with deep transverse furrow anteriorly (Fig. 64); propodeum not dentate; TII shallowly depressed .............................................................................................. Cyphodynerus van der Vecht

- Scutellum evenly rounded; propodeum with several teeth laterally (Fig. 65); TII not depressed ................ .................................................................................................................... Pseudodontodynerus Blüthgen

37. Anterior face of pronotum with two small, close set, deeply impressed medial foveae (Figs. 52, 54); tegula expanded semicircularly laterally (Fig. 53); propodeum with submarginal carina produced into pointed lamella apically and valvula enlarged and free posteriorly from submarginal carina ...............................38

- Anterior face of pronotum without two close set, deeply impressed foveae (Figs. 51, 55); tegula variably shaped (Figs. 61–63); submarginal carina and valvula usually not produced...........................................39

38. Pronotum with foveae coalesced (Fig. 52); TI subsessile, narrower than TII ............................................... ................................................................................................................... Paraleptomenes Giordani Soika

- Pronotum with foveae separated (Fig. 54); TI about as broad as TII ................. Stenodynerus de Saussure

39. Propodeum with transverse ridge dorsally; tegula broadly rounded and expanded laterally, more than two thirds as wide as long (Figs. 61–62) .........................................................................................................40

- Propodeum without transverse ridge dorsally; tegula narrow (Fig. 63) .................... Allodynerus Blüthgen

40. Tegula with coarse, sieve-like punctation (Fig. 61); male mandible not notched ......................................... .......................................................................................................................... Brachypipona Gusenleitner

- Tegula without coarse, sieve-like punctation (Fig. 62); male mandible usually with a broad notch above the last tooth ........................................................................................................ Pseudepipona de Saussure