Enicospilus nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov. Figs 2A, 18

Etymology.

The specific name is derived from the type locality.

Material examined.

2♀♀: Nepal .

Type series: holotype ♀, Pokhara (950 m), Nepal, VII-VIII.1983, M.G. Allen leg. (LT) (NHMUK) (Figs 2A, 18); paratype ♀, same label and repository as holotype.

Distribution.

Nepal.

Description.

Female (Holotype) (Fig. 18). Body length ca 16.5 mm.

Head with GOI = 2.5 (Fig. 18C). Lower face 0.8 × as wide as high, finely punctate with setae, strongly shiny (Fig. 18B). Clypeus 1.6 × as wide as high, finely punctate with setae, moderately convex in profile, its lower margin impressed (Fig. 18B, C). Malar space 0.4 × as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. 18B, C). Mandible weakly twisted by ca 15°, moderately long, its proximal half evenly narrowed and distal half subparallel sided, its outer surface entirely almost flat with long and rather stout setae (Figs 2A, 18B, C). Upper mandibular tooth 1.7 × as long as lower one, very slender and cylindrical (Figs 2A, 18B). Frons, vertex and gena strongly shiny with fine setae (Fig. 18B-D). Posterior ocellus rather small and separated from eye by 0.3 × its own maximum diameter (Fig. 18B-D). Ventral end of occipital carina joining oral carina. Antenna with 49 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.6 × as long as second; 20th flagellomere 2.3 × as long as wide.

Mesosoma entirely strongly shiny with setae (Fig. 18E). Pronotum punctostriate dorsally and finely coriaceous ventrally (Fig. 18E). Mesoscutum 1.5 × as long as its maximum width, almost smooth with very fine punctures with setae, and evenly rounded in profile (Fig. 18E). Notauli absent (Fig. 18E). Scutellum moderately convex, almost smooth with very fine and sparse punctures with setae, with lateral longitudinal carinae reaching posterior end (Fig. 18E). Epicnemium from densely strigose dorsally to densely punctate ventrally with setae. Epicnemial carina present, evenly curved to anterior, its dorsal end not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron (Fig. 18E). Mesopleuron finely punctate dorsally and longitudinally punctostriate to strigose ventrally (Fig. 18E). Submetapleural carina almost parallel sided centrally and weakly broadened anteriorly (Fig. 18E). Metapleuron moderately punctate with setae (Fig. 18E). Propodeum evenly rounded in profile; anterior transverse carina complete centrally, its lateral end almost joining pleural carina; anterior area longitudinally striate; spiracular area almost smooth with very fine and sparse punctures and setae; posterior area rather finely subconcentrically striate; propodeal spiracle elliptical, its outer margin not joining pleural carina by a ridge (Fig. 18E).

Wings. Fore wing length ca 11.0 mm with AI = 0.4, CI = 0.3, DI = 0.4, ICI = 0.4, SDI = 1.2, SI = 0.2, SRI = 0.3; vein 1m-cu&M almost evenly curved; vein 2r&RS slightly sinuous and RS evenly curved; fenestra and sclerites of discosubmarginal cell as in Figure 18F; proximal sclerite triangular, not confluent with distal sclerite, very strongly pigmented; central sclerite small and its major diameter subequal to thickness of vein 2r&RS, suboval, weakly sclerotised and pigmented, positioned in posterodistal part of fenestra; distal sclerite moderately pigmented; proximal corner of marginal cell evenly setose; posterodistal corner of second discal cell ca 95°; posterodistal corner of subbasal cell ca 95°; vein 1cu-a slightly antefurcal to M&RS by 0.1 × 1cu-a length (Fig. 18F). Hind wing with NI = 1.2, RI = 1.7; vein RS straight; vein RA with 6 uniform hamuli.

Legs. Outer surface of fore tibia without dense and long spines. Hind leg with coxa in profile 1.7 × as long as deep; basitarsus 2.0 × as long as second tarsomere; fourth tarsomere 0.6 × as long as third tarsomere and 3.5 × as long as wide; tarsal claw simply pectinate.

Metasoma with PI = 2.8, DMI = 1.3, THI = 2.5; dorsal margin of tergite 1 more or less sinuous; thyridium elongate (Fig. 18A).

Colour (Fig. 18). Entirely testaceous except for apex of mandible, posterior part of T5, and T6-8 black. Wings hyaline; proximal sclerite brown; central and distal sclerites amber; veins brown.

Variations (n = 2): body length 15.5-16.5 mm; head with GOI = 2.4-2.5; clypeus 1.6-1.7 × as wide as high; malar space 0.3-0.4 × as long as basal mandibular width; mandible twisted by 15-25°; upper mandibular tooth 1.6-2.1 × as long as lower one; antenna with first flagellomere 1.6-1.7 × as long as second; pronotum punctostriate dorsally and finely coriaceous ventrally or entirely almost smooth to weakly coriaceous with very sparse and fine punctures; metapleuron sparsely to moderately punctate; fore wing length 10.0-11.0 mm; hind coxa in profile 1.6-1.7 × as long as deep; fourth tarsomere 3.5-3.7 × as long as wide; metasoma with PI = 2.7-2.8; THI = 2.5-2.8; mandible proximally testaceous and apically black or entirely dark brown to black.

Male. Unknown.

Differential diagnosis.

Enicospilus nepalensis sp. nov. is probably closely related to or belongs to the E. ramidulus complex. Among the complex, E. nepalensis sp. nov. is most closely related to E. tricorniatus Rao & Nikam, 1970 based on the rather small ocelli relative to other Enicospilus (posterior ocellus separated from eye by more than 0.3 × its own maximum diameter) (e.g. Fig. 18B-D), highly shiny body (e.g. Fig. 18A-E), shape of body (e.g. Fig. 18A), shape and position of the fore wing veins and sclerites (e.g. Fig. 18F), distribution, etc. However, E. nepalensis sp. nov. is readily distinguishable from E. tricorniatus by the following characters: lower face more or less elongate and 0.8 × as wide as high (Fig. 18B) (lower face subquadrate to transverse and 1.0-1.1 × as wide as high in E. tricorniatus), the central sclerite weakly sclerotised and pigmented (Fig. 18F) (moderately to strongly sclerotised and pigmented in E. tricorniatus), moderate-sized, fore wing length 10.0-11.0 mm (small, fore wing length less than 8.5 mm in E. tricorniatus), posterior ocellus separated from eye by 0.3 × its own maximum diameter (Fig. 18B-D) (posterior ocellus separated from eye by almost its own maximum diameter in E. tricorniatus).