Zagrammosoma villosum Perry n. sp.

(Fig. 46)

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by a heavily setose vertex, occiput, pronotum, and mesoscutum. This amount of setation is found only in one other species, Z. calvini (Fig. 8). Females are separated by the number of vertical lines on the occiput: two in Z. villosum (Fig. 46D, E), three in Z. calvini (Fig. 8A). In addition, both males and females of Z. calvini have three horizontal lines on the pronotum in lateral view, whereas Z. villosum has two. These two species are found on different continents and molecularly confirmed as separate species (Fig. 2). Zagrammosoma villosum has similar body color patterns to Z. americanum (Fig. 4), but does not possess the dark, transverse stripe on the anterior margin of the mesoscutum found in Z. americanum .

Description. Female - body length 0.97–1.23 mm. Metallic luster on body absent. Scape yellow with black stripe dorsally. Lower face with median stripe absent. Vertex with 2 stripes above compound eye. Gena posteriorly with or without dark band below compound eye. Occiput yellow with 2 dark, vertical stripes. Pronotum with median stripe incomplete or complete; laterally with 2 black stripes. Prepectus yellow with dark stripe along dorsal margin. Mesoscutum with median stripe interrupted or uninterrupted. Mesoscutellum yellow with three dark stripes. Propodeum yellow with black median carina, anterior and posterior margins, and spot laterally. Procoxa, mesocoxa, and metacoxa yellow. Profemur, mesofemur, and metafemur yellow. Fore wing: basal and cubital bands absent; parastigmal band present, at junction of parastigmal and marginal veins only; stigmal and postmarginal bands present, with perpendicular extension greater than that of stigmal apex; connections from parastigmal band to stigmal band and from stigmal band to postmarginal band absent. Hind wing hyaline. Gaster yellow with median and transverse stripes.

Upper ocular sulcus present. Pedicel longer than wide. Funiculars symmetrical: first wider than long (w:l = 1.07–1.25); second wider than long (w:l = 1.38–1.6).

Pronotum, in dorsal view, bell-shaped or more than twice as wide as long (w:l = 1.75–2.23); 3–5 pairs of setae along posterior margin. Mesoscutum reticulate; small, scattered setae absent; intermediate setae present. Mesoscutellum wider than long (w:l = 1.08–1.25); submedian grooves present, sometimes faint and shallow. Hind tibial spur distinctly shorter than basitarsus. Hind basitarsus shorter than second tarsomere (bst:2 nd = 0.75–0.85).

Fore wing l:w 2.19–2.31. Submarginal vein with 5–7 setae dorsally. Basal fold setose. Cubital fold setose. Admarginal setae present. Uncus originating on stigma by more than own length from stigmal apex.

Male - as female, except: body length 0.67–1.22 mm; occiput all yellow or with faint vertical stripes; prepectus yellow; hind tibial spur subequal in length to second tarsomere; postmarginal band present, with perpendicular extension less than or greater than that of stigmal apex.

Remarks. The majority of these specimens were identified in collections as Z. americanum as the color patterns on the body are similar between the species, but the setae density of Z. villosum makes identification straightforward.

Hosts. Reared from lepidopteran leaf miners. See Table 3. Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae .

Distribution. Nearctic: USA (CA, TX). Neotropical: Mexico (OA) (Fig. 47).

Etymology. Villosum is Latin for hairy.

Type Material. Holotype: USA: Texas: San Patricio Co., Welder Wildlife Ref. near Vena Mills, 28°06’42”N, 97°24’24”W, 4.v.1989, J. Heraty [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499453], deposited at UCRC . Paratypes: MEXICO: Oaxaca: 10.8 mi. W. Pinotepa Nacional, 99m, 16°21’4”N, 98°12’32”W, 9.vii.1987, J. B. Woolley & G. Zolnerowich, 87/026 [1♀, TAMU: UCRCENT473169 (D5913)] . USA: Arizona: Pima Co., Kitt Peak Rd., Coyote Mtns. 5km SW jct Hwy 86 & 386, 31°58’52”N, 111°36’5”W, 2–12.v.2006, M. E. Irwin, damp wash, malaise [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499466 (D5935)] . Texas: Culberson Co., 3.6 mi. S. Pine Spgs, old Guadeloupe Pass Hwy., 1584m, 31°51’50”N, 104°50’13”W, 20–22.vii.1982, G. Gibson [2♁ 2♀, CNC: CNC508720, 508725, 508727, 508729]. Hidalgo Co., S. of F. M. 2221 on Iowa Rd., 62m, 26°19’32”N, 98°24’34”W, 13.iv.2010, J. Mottern, acacia/ mesquite scrub, sweep, M10-014 [1♁ 2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT357537 (D3679), 357538, 357539 (D3681)] .

Additional material examined. MEXICO: Guerrero: Puerto Marques, 16°47’57”N, 99°49’44”W, 6.xii.1986, H. Miranda, host: Lepidoptera larva, host plant: Mimosa pigra [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471437]. Nuevo Leon: Mun. Allende, Lazarillos de Abajo, 438m, 25°18’57”N, 100°02’40”W, 9.vii.1983, A. Gonzalez H. [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499449]. Sinaloa: N. W. Guamuchil, 45m, 25°28’51”N, 108°05’8”W, 23.x.1982, J. T. Huber, sweep [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499450]. Tamaulipas: S. Ciudad Victoria on Hwy 85, 318m, 23°42’13”N, 99°07’5”W, 1.xi.1982, J. T. Huber & A. Gonzalez, sweep [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499451]. USA: Arizona: Cochise Co., 1.0 mi. W. Portal, 1419m, 31°54’50”N, 109°07’26”W, 31.vii.1982, G. A. P. Gibson [1♀, CNC: CNC 508731]. Yavapai Co., 10 mi. S. Camp Verde, 1248m, 34°24’38”N, 111°49’20”W, 10.vii.1969, G. W. Forister, host plant: Acacia constricta [2♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477917, USNM: UCRCENT471438]. California: Modoc Co., Surprise Valley Rd. 2.8 mi. S. Oregon border, 1600mm, 41°57’33”N, 120°01’48”W, 8.vii.2007, R. L. Zuparko, host plant: Juniperus occidentalis [1♀, EMEC: EMEC 84296]. Texas: Culberson Co., 3.6 mi. S. Pine Spgs, old Guadeloupe Pass Hwy., 1584m, 31°51’50”N, 104°50’13”W, 20–22.vii.1982, G. Gibson [2♁ 6♀, CNC: CNC508719, 508721–508724, 508726, 508728, 508730]. Presidio Co., Presidio, 29°33’39”N, 104°22’19”W, 1945, Lot no. 45-11727, host: Tischeria sp. [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471657]. San Patricio Co., Welder Wildlife Ref. nr Vena Mills, 15m, 28°07’18”N, 97°26’33”W, 1.vi.1988, J. Heraty [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499452]. Travis Co., vic. Long Hollow Creek, 230m, 30°27’43”N, 97°52’19”W, 19.v.1994, M. Quinn, E. Riley, & R. Wharton [1?, TAMU: UCRCENT426736]. vic. Cypress Creek, 230m, 30°25’58”N, 97°52’1”W, 19–20.v.1994, M. Quinn, E. Riley, & R. Wharton [1?, TAMU: UCRCENT426737]; 23–24.iv.1994, M. Quinn, E. Riley, & R. Wharton [1?, TAMU: UCRCENT426734]; 7–8.v.1994, M. Quinn, E. Riley, & R. Wharton [1?, TAMU: UCRCENT426735].