Key to males of Fonsecaiulus

1. Crown and pronotum with lateral portions brown, without longitudinal yellow stripes (Felix et al. 2015: figs 4a, b, h)..... 2

- Crown and pronotum with lateral pair of longitudinal yellow stripes (Figs 1, 9, 27, 43, 61, 79, 97)..................... 3

2. Dorsal yellow stripe broad and occupying most of claval region (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 4h), its outer boarder markedly serrated on clavus; costal yellow mark large and rounded (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 4h); aedeagus, in lateral view, with shaft moderately broad and with long dorsoapical acute process (Young 1977: fig. 624f)................... F. dorsifascia (Osborn, 1926)

- Dorsal yellow stripe narrower and not occupying most of claval region (Felix et al. 2015: figs 4a, b), its outer boarder slightly sinuous on clavus; costal yellow mark a very small dot (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 4b); aedeagus, in lateral view, with shaft slender and bearing long apical acute process continuing shaft shape (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 4f)...... F. filiformis Felix et al., 2015

3. Mesonotum dark brown, rarely with small faint yellow marks anteriorly; paraphyses with pair of long and narrow rami, each with short process on median portion and a shorter one on apical portion (Young 1977: fig. 626h)... F. sciotus Young, 1977

- Mesonotum with distinct longitudinal yellow stripes; paraphyses, when present, with rami not as above................ 4

4. Paraphyses with pair of long bifid rami, each one bifurcated from the basal portion (Young 1977: fig. 627h).............................................................................................. F. gaudialis Young, 1977

- Paraphyses, when present, with pair of simple rami, at most bifurcated only in the apical portion (Felix et al. 2015: figs 2f, g; Figs 6, 7, 33, 34, 67, 68)............................................................................... 5

5. Pygofer very long, about three times longer than high in lateral view (Fig. 30); paraphyses with rami very long, extending posteriorly much farther than aedeagus apex (Figs 33, 34).................................... F. longiramus sp. nov.

- Pygofer broad, at most about two times longer than high in lateral view (Figs 4, 12, 38, 46, 64, 82, 100); paraphyses, when present, with rami shorter, ending anterad of aedeagus apex (Figs 15, 67) or extending posteriorly at most a little farther than aedeagus apex (Fig. 7)................................................................................. 6

6. Subgenital plates with apical third narrowed in ventral view (Fig. 5); aedeagal shaft with strong acute dorsal process on apical third (Fig. 7)........................................................................... F. youngi sp. nov.

- Subgenital plates narrowed along apical half (Fig. 31) or along apical two-thirds (Fig. 13), or subtriangular (Figs 39, 83); aedeagal shaft without such process...................................................................... 7

7. Paraphyses with rami crossing each other on median portion (Young 1977: figs 625q, r)....... F. cognatus (Schmidt, 1928)

- Paraphyses, when present, with rami not crossing each other or crossing only on apical portion (Figs 8, 16, 34, 50, 68).... 8

8. Aedeagus with pair of long and slender basiventral processes that are acute apically (Figs 41, 42, 85, 86, 103, 104); paraphyses absent.............................................................................................. 9

- Aedeagus without basiventral processes (Figs 7, 15, 33, 49, 67); paraphyses present............................... 11

9. Aedeagus with basiventral processes not extending posteriorly beyond middle of shaft (Fig. 85); shaft long, tubular, with apex slightly tapered, bearing pair of ventral small acute processes (Figs 85, 86)......................... F. takiyae sp. nov.

- Aedeagus with basiventral processes attaining or exceeding apex of shaft (Figs 41, 103); shaft shorter and expanded on apical half (Figs 41, 103)................................................................................... 10

10. Pygofer truncate posteriorly (Fig. 100); aedeagus with basiventral processes slightly curved medially on apical portion (Fig. 104)............................................................................... F. truncatus sp. nov.

- Pygofer broadly rounded posteriorly (Fig. 38); aedeagus with basiventral processes slightly divergent (Fig. 42)............................................................................................. F. alvarengai sp. nov.

11. Connective with stalk very long (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 2e); aedeagus strongly curved ventrally and with broad apex (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 2f); paraphyses with short basal plate and pair of long and broad complex rami, each ramus with four acute processes (Felix et al. 2015: figs 2f, g).................................................... F. guttiformis Felix et al., 2015

- Connective without stalk (Figs 14, 32, 40, 48, 66) or with stalk very short (Figs 84, 102); aedeagus curved dorsally (Figs 49, 67); paraphyses without basal plate and with rami not as above............................................... 12

12. Clavus with one continuous oblique yellow stripe on central portion, not attaining claval apex (Fig. 61); connective with distinct stalk (Fig. 66)....................................................................................... 13

- Clavus with one broad yellow stripe extending posteriorly to claval apex, interrupted by a median dark elongate macula (Fig. 43); connective without stalk (Fig. 48)................................................................... 15

13. Aedeagus with apex truncate to slightly concave in lateral view (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 1g); paraphyses with pair of long simple rami (Felix et al. 2015: figs 1g, h).............................................. F. rectangularis Felix et al., 2015

- Aedeagus with apex tapered, acute in lateral view (Fig. 67); paraphyses with pair of complex rami, bearing variable processes (Fig. 67)........................................................................................... 14

14. Paraphyses pincer-like, with distal portion of each ramus with two acute processes, one directed dorsally and another posteriorly (Fig. 67)............................................................................. F. chelatus sp. nov.

- Paraphyses with each ramus bearing slender, acute dorsal process on median portion and conspicuous dorsoapical process with apical portion curved posteriorly (Young 1977: fig. 622r)................................. F. flavovittata (Stål, 1859)

15. Aedeagus with shaft elongate, subcylindrical and with acute apex, without processes (Figs 49, 50); paraphyses with each ramus bearing ventral subquadrate lobe at median portion and with apex curved ventrally, hook-shaped (Figs 49, 50).............................................................................................. F. unciformis sp. nov.

- Aedeagus with shaft very tall and with broad apex (Fig. 15); paraphyses with rami not curved apically, without lobe at median portion (Figs 15, 16)................................................................................. 16

16. Aedeagus with irregular dorsoapical process (Young 1977: fig. 623f); paraphyses with rami slender, with apex acute (Young 1977: fig. 623p).......................................................... F. sanguineovittata (Signoret, 1855)

- Aedeagus with dorsal row of spines, shaft, in ventral view, with crown of apical spines (Figs 15, 16); paraphyses with rami robust, with apex obtuse (Figs 15, 16)..................................................... F. spinosus sp. nov.