Paragnetina flavotincta (McLachlan, 1872)

Figs. 76−82

Material examined. Russia, Far East, Amurskaya Oblast: 1♂, 2♀, Zeya River, 1 km above the bridge near the Krasnoyarovo village, Amur River basin, 20.08.2004, coll. V. Teslenko; Jewish Autonomous Oblast: 1♂, 1♀ Bidzhan River, Amur River basin, Preobrazhenovka village, 300 m above the bridge, 15.08.2002, coll. X. Semenchenko; Khabarovsk Krai: 2♀, Kiya River, Amur River basin, 28.07.1996, coll. T. Tiunova; Primorsky Krai: 3♂, 1♀, Kabarga River, Ussuri River basin, Amur River basin, 6.08.1999, coll. V. Teslenko; 2♂, 11♀, Razdolnaya River, Sinelnikovo village, 25.07.1985, reared, coll. T. Teslenko; 3♂, 1♀, Bolshaya Ussurka River, Dalnerechensk vicinities, Amur River basin, 23.06.1998, coll. V. Teslenko; 5♂, 1♀, Razdolnaya River, Fadeevka village, 31.05.1998, coll. V. Teslenko; 1♂, 4♀, same place, 13.08.2002, coll. T. Tiunova.

Egg. Elongate oval (Figs. 76−77, 82), total length 409−360 μm, equatorial width 229−233 μm (n=6). Collar is relatively large and stalked; the leg of the collar is short with longitudinal ridges; and the rim is relatively wide, flanged, and bluntly irregularly incised (Figs. 77−78, 80). Anchor is umbrella-shaped and does not extend beyond the collar edge (Figs. 76, 78−79, 82). The anchor surface is arranged in hexagonal units, with three rows of single globular bodies distributed as a narrow band in the peripheral area along the anchor edge; the rest of the anchor surface, including the top, is free of globular bodies (Figs. 76, 78−79). Chorion is smooth, slightly granular, and covered throughout with hexagonal FCIs of different shapes and sizes. Near the collar, the hexagonal cell impressions are elongated and slightly larger than in the equatorial area, where the chorion pattern is weakly expressed, and at the anterior pole the hexagonal cells are elongated transversely (Figs. 76−77). Following the micropylar line to the anterior pole, the shape of FCIs becomes more honeycomb-like (Figs. 76−77). Micropyles are numerous and set closely to the anterior pole (Fig. 77); micropylar canals are tunnel-shaped, straight, and relatively short; orifices are sessile, raised slightly, with an oval sperm guide (Fig. 81). The chorionic structure on an external membrane comprises hexagonal FCI’s bearing a single scattered adhesive mushroom body in the center of each cell (Fig. 82).

Comments. The collar and anchor of P. flavotincta are very similar to those of the Japanese species P. japonica (Okamoto, 1912) . The anchor surface of both species has hexagonal units with three rows of globular bodies arranged as a narrow band in the peripheral area. However, the globular bodies in P. flavotincta are relatively large and mostly single, unlike P. japonica, which has a several small globular bodies grouped close to the center of each hexagonal unit (Isobe 1997). The chorion structure of P. japonica, as in other Asian species of Paragnetina, is unknown.

Distribution: East Palaearctic, widespread in the temperate zone of the Asian mainland. Russia, Siberia (Krasnoyarskiy Krai, Tyva, and Transbaikalia), and the Far East (Amurskaya Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, south of the Khabarovsk Krai, and Primorsky Krai). Mongolia, China, North Korea (Zwick 1973) and South Korea (Hwang & Murányi 2020).