Pityocera Giglio-Tos, 1896

Pityocera Giglio-Tos, 1896: 3 . Type species, Pityocera festai Giglio-Tos, 1896 (mon.); Kröber, 1930: 310 –312 (revision Pityocerini); 1934: 235 (catalog); Fairchild, 1964: 170 (subgenera); 1969: 204 (classification); 1971: 28 (catalog); Moucha, 1976: 41 (catalog); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 51 (catalog); Coscarón & Papavero, 2009b: 46 (catalog); Henriques et al., 2012: 278 (corrections and additions to catalog); Lessard et al., 2013: 517 (molecular Scionini); Lessard, 2014: 231 (revision Scionini).

Diagnosis. size varying from small to medium; eyes pilose; frons narrow parallel-sided; antenna with the first flagellomere modified, with dorsal and ventral projections in a bipectinate shape, or with dorsal projections in a pectinate shape, or partially fused with the flagellomeres 2 and 3; first flagellomere with well developed tuft of hairs dorsally; face bulbous and generally shiny, pruinose in some species; clypeus shiny but rarely partially pruinose; proboscis very elongated, over two times greater than the head length; labella and theca little sclerotized, moderately shiny; wings fumose, only one species with a contrasting color pattern; conspicuous wing venation with r5 cell closed far from the wing margin and with a very elongated petiole. Terminalia ♀: tergite IX fused; tergite X divided into two pieces; cercus with apex rounded or subtriangular; hypoproct with apex rounded, not reaching half of the cercus length; hypogynium subtriangular with lateral margins straight or rounded; acute apex with an elongated slit reaching the hypogynial valve; genital fork with slender arms without distal expansions or with poorly sclerotized distal expansions; anterior margin generally concave with acute lateral extremities. Terminalia ♂: epandrium fused with lateral margins rounded, hollowed at base and apex (dorsal view); cercus subrectangular; hypoproct elongated, exceeding the cercus apex; hypandrium + gonocoxite robust with the anterior margin rounded or almost straight; pronounced hollow on gonocoxite (dorsal view), reaching half of its length; gonostylus elongated, digitiform with acute apex; aedeagus narrow without anterior expansion, in size subequal to the gonocoxal apodemes.

Distribution. Central and northern South America (until the central region of Brazil).