Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma (Linnaeus 1758)

[Vespertilio] spasma Linnaeus 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 32 (based on Seba, 1734, Locupletissimi rerum naturalium ... p. 90).

Type Locality: Indonesia, Molucca Isls, Ternate.

Vernacular Names: Lesser False Vampire Bat.

Subspecies::

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. spasma Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. abditum Chasen 1940

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. carimatae Miller 1906

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. celebensis Shamel 1940

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. ceylonense K. Andersen 1918

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. horsfieldii Blyth 1863

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. kinabalu Chasen 1940

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. lasiae Lyon 1916

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. majus K. Andersen 1918

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. medium K. Andersen 1918

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. minus K. Andersen 1918

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. naisense Lyon 1916

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. natunae K. Andersen and Wroughton 1907

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. pangandarana Sody 1936

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. philippinensis Waterhouse 1843

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. siumatis Lyon 1916

Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. trifolium Geoffroy 1810

Distribution: Sri Lanka and India through SE Asia (including Vietnam) to Lesser Sundas, the Philippines and Molucca Isls, various adjacent islands.

Conservation: IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).

Discussion: Subgenus Megaderma . See Bergmans and van Bree (1986) for discussion of subspecies limits in the Indonesian region. Boundaries of some subspecies are unclear. Reviewed in part by Hill (1983) and Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995 b).