Genomic analysis reveals new species and subspecies of butterflies Author Zhang, Jing Author Cong, Qian Author Shen, Jinhui Author Song, Leina grishin@chop.swmed.edu Author Grishin, Nick V. text The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 2023 2023-12-13 11 6 1 63 journal article 2643-4806 4594F1CA-9EE8-4A80-A0CA-792676139D20 Chlosyne anastasia (Hemming, 1934) is a species distinct from Chlosyne definita (E. Aaron, [1885]) Melitaea anastasia Hemming, 1934 , a replacement name for Melitaea beckeri Godman, [1901] ( type locality Mexico : Durango , Durango City), which is a junior primary homonym of Melitaea artemis var. beckeri Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 ( type locality in Spain ), currently treated as a subspecies of Chlosyne definita (E. Aaron, 1885) ( type locality in USA : Texas , Nueces Co.) is genetically distant from it with Fst /COI barcode difference of 0.27/3% (20 bp). The COI barcode difference is large because the mitochondrial DNA of M. anastasia is closest (0.3%, 2 bp between the COI barcodes, likely due to introgression) to Chlosyne endeis (Godman & Salvin, 1894) ( type locality in Mexico : Nayarit ) ( Fig. 6c ), a species more distant from M. anastasia according to the nuclear genome tree ( Fig. 6a ). Because of this genetic differentiation, we propose that Chlosyne anastasia (Hemming, 1934) , stat. rest. is a species distinct from Chlosyne definita (E. Aaron, [1885]) . Both C. definita and C. anastasia stat. rest. have been recorded from the state of Durango , where the former is known from the north, and the latter is documented from the south ( Fig. 6 ). Chlosyne anastasia stat. rest. does not occur in the United States .