An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’ Author Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S. National Herbarium of Trinidad and Tobago, c / o Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies. yasmin. baksh-comeau @ sta. uwi. edu & RB, UK. stephen. harris @ plants. ox. ac. uk yasmin.baksh-comeau@sta.uwi.edu Author Maharaj, Shobha S. National Herbarium of Trinidad and Tobago, c / o Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies. yasmin. baksh-comeau @ sta. uwi. edu & RB, UK. stephen. harris @ plants. ox. ac. uk & National Herbarium of Trinidad and Tobago, c / o Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies. yasmin. baksh-comeau @ sta. uwi. edu & Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX & RB, UK. stephen. harris @ plants. ox. ac. uk yasmin.baksh-comeau@sta.uwi.edu Author Adams, Dennis (late of the) Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, London, UK. Author Harris, Stephen A. National Herbarium of Trinidad and Tobago, c / o Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies. yasmin. baksh-comeau @ sta. uwi. edu & Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX & RB, UK. stephen. harris @ plants. ox. ac. uk yasmin.baksh-comeau@sta.uwi.edu Author Filer, Denis L. National Herbarium of Trinidad and Tobago, c / o Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies. yasmin. baksh-comeau @ sta. uwi. edu & Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX & RB, UK. stephen. harris @ plants. ox. ac. uk yasmin.baksh-comeau@sta.uwi.edu Author Hawthorne, William D. National Herbarium of Trinidad and Tobago, c / o Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies. yasmin. baksh-comeau @ sta. uwi. edu & Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX & RB, UK. stephen. harris @ plants. ox. ac. uk & National Herbarium of Trinidad and Tobago, c / o Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies. yasmin. baksh-comeau @ sta. uwi. edu & RB, UK. stephen. harris @ plants. ox. ac. uk yasmin.baksh-comeau@sta.uwi.edu text Phytotaxa 2016 2016-03-04 250 1 448 450 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.250.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.250.1.1 1179-3163 13683017 SALICACEAE Banara guianensis Aubl., Pl. Gui. 1: 548, t.217 (1775) Syn: Trilix glandulosus Dombey ex Griseb. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Roadside thickets. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD : Matura-Salybia; Nariva; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD : Diego Martin , Broadway 5897 (A, B, BM, G. K. S. U); Lady Chancellor Road, Williams s.n. (K, TRIN 12076), Broadway 7401 (A, BM, F, G, US ); Las Cuevas to Maracas, Philcox et al. 7246 (K); Eastern Main Road, Philcox & Kalloo 7285 (K); Guanapo Heights Road, Adams 13363 (TRIN), Adams 13554 (TRIN); Waller Field, Philcox 7370 (K); Tabaquite, Broadway 6338 (A, BM, F, K, S, US ); Caparo, Carr s.n. (TRIN 9268); San Fernando, [ Finlay s.n. ] (TRIN 1787); Southern Watershed Reserve, Williams s.n. (TRIN 12168). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia. Casearia decandra Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 21 (1760) Syn: Casearia parviflora Willd. Common name: Biscuitwood, Pipewood, Wild Cherry. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen and semi-evergreen seasonal forests. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO : E Coast; Little Tobago-St.Giles; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD : Catshill-Basse Terre; Princes Town ; Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 14% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 397 RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO : Calder Hall, Broadway 4416 (B, BM, F, G, GH, NY, P, U); Mt. St. George, Broadway 4521 (BM, F, G, GH, MO, NY, P, U, US , Z); Rockley Vale, Broadway 4579 (B, BM, F, G, GH, MO, NY, P, U, US , Z). TRINIDAD : between San Rafael and Arena, Broadway 7376 (BM, F, G, MO, NY, S); San Fernando Hill, Broadway 6416 (BM, K, MO, S, US ); Godineau River, Britton 2915 (G, GH, K, NY, US ), Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15336). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands , Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia , Venezuela , Guianas, Brazil , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Paraguay , Argentina , Uruguay . Casearia guianensis (Aubl.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 322 (1902) Syn: Casearia ramiflora Vahl ; Iroucana guianensis Aubl. Common name: Clean Teeth, Pipewood, Wild Coffee. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woods and by roadsides in both moist and dry districts. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO : NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD : Arena-Cumuto; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Princes Town ; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando ; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 47% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 53% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 40% RBS samples); Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO : Cradley, Broadway 3793 (BM, C, F, G, L, M, NY, S, U); The Widow, Broadway 4575 (BM, F, K, MO, U). TRINIDAD : Chacachacare, Britton et al. 2763 (G, GH, K, NY, TRIN 34693, US ); St. Anns, Broadway 6323 (A, BM, F, K, S); Tabaquite-Rio Claro Road, Broadway 6337 (BM, F, GH, K, MO, US ). Global range: Cayman Islands , Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands , Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia , Venezuela , Guianas, Brazil . Casearia mariquitensis Kunth , Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 5: 363 (1823) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD : Caroni; Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD : Caroni South Bank Road, Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 14642); O’Meara Ferry, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15028); Sangre Grande , Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14400); Oropuche, Baksh 22 (TRIN). Global range: Central America, Colombia , Venezuela , Guianas, Brazil , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia . Casearia spinescens (Sw.) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 10 (1866) Syn: Casearia brevipes Benth. ; Guidonia spinescens Griseb. ; Samyda spinescens Sw. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Thickets on dry hillsides. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO : E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD : Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular Corner; Nariva; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix; Princes Town ; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando ; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 32% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 53% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO : Logwood Park, Broadway 2963 (BM, F, G, MO, NY); Providence Road, Broadway 3545 (A, BM, F, NY, P, S, U, Z); Border of Cove and Friendship Estates, Broadway 4245 (BM, F, L, M, NY, Z); Bacolet, Sandwith 1634 (K, NY, S, U). TRINIDAD : Chacachacare, Britton et al. 2690 (GH, K, NY, TRIN 10378, US ); Monos, Howard 10411 (A, BM); Mt. St. Benedict, Adams 13336 (TRIN). Global range: Bahamas , Greater Antilles, Central America, Colombia , Venezuela , Guyana , Brazil . Casearia sylvestris Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 2: 752 (1798) Syn: Casearia serrulata Sw. Common name: Wild Coffee. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodlands and forests. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO : NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD : Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; North Central Coast; Princes Town ; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; San Fernando ; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 13% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 33% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 40% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO : The Widow, Broadway 3016 (BM, C, F, G, GH, M, MO, NY, S, U, US , Z); Logwood Park, Broadway 3129 (BM, G, MO, NY); Calder Hall, Broadway 3810 (B, BM, F, G); Cocoawattee, Broadway 4090 (B, BM, F, G, NY, P, U); Old Grange, Broadway 4695 (B, BM, F, G, GH, MO, NY, P, U, US , Z); Lambeau Hill, Sandwith 1644 (K). TRINIDAD : 398 • Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL. Chancellor Road, Broadway s.n. (BM); Aripo Road, Broadway s.n. (BM). Global range: Widespread in Central and South America and the Caribbean. Casearia ulmifolia Vahl ex Vent., Mém. Math. Phys. Inst. Nat. France 2: 150 (1808) Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forests. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD : Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD : Without locality, Ryan s.n. (BM), Crueger s.n. (K). Global range: Colombia , Venezuela , Guianas, Brazil , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia . Casearia zizyphoides Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 362 (1823) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Dry hillsides. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO : Little Tobago-St.Giles; TRINIDAD : Chacachacare. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 30% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD : Without locality, Lockhart 105 (K); Chacachacare, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 491), Crueger 310 (K, TRIN 492), Johnson 798 (BM, TRIN 32655). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Rumph. Amboin. 377 (1917) Common Name : Cerise, Governor Plum. Exotic . Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 3) 290 (1797) Exotic . Laetia procera (Poepp. & Endl.) Eichler, Fl. Bras. 8: 53 (1871) Syn: Laetia casearioides Sagot ex Benth. ; Samyda procera Poepp. Common name: Bois Toucan, Sardine, Toucan Sardine, Warakarajo. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen seasonal, marsh and lower montane forests. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD : Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Erin-Guapo; Trinity Hills. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD : Central Range; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop.; Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 44% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 43% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD : Without locality, Crueger s.n. (K); Cumuto, Broadway 6430 (BM, K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Central America, Colombia , Venezuela , Guianas, Brazil , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia . Oncoba echinata Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 118 (1868) Exotic . Ryania speciosa Vahl, Eclog. Am. 1: 51, t.9 (1796) Syn: Ryania parviflora (A.DC.) Griseb.; Ryania pyrifera (Rich.) Uitten & Sleumer Common name: Bois l’Agli, Roucou Jab. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Roadside thickets and seasonal, lower montane and montane forests. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD : Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 75% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 63% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 14% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 43% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD : Morne Catherine, Adams 14605 (TRIN); Maracas, Broadway s.n. (BM); Las Lapas, Adams 14175 (TRIN); Eastern Main Road, Philcox & Kalloo 7286 (K); Guanapo Heights Road, Adams 13550 (TRIN); Matura Forest Reserve, Philcox et al. 7331 (K); Cumuto, Broadway 6482 (BM, K, MO); Arena Forest Reserve, Riley 96 (BM, K, NY); Cumuto, Fosberg 42616 (BM), Adams 14213 (TRIN). Global range: Central America, Colombia , Venezuela , Guianas, Brazil , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia . Salix humboldtiana Willd., Sp. Pl. , ed. 4 4: 657 (1806) Syn: Salix chilensis Molina Exotic . Xylosma sanctae-annae Sleumer, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 22: 178 (1980) Syn: Xylosma nitidum Griseb. ; Xylosma seemannii Triana & Planch. Common name: Bois Lagli, Wild Cerise. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded hillsides, occasional in semi-evergreen and deciduous seasonal forests. IUCN : EN. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO : Without locality, Baker s.n. (TRIN 15330, K). TRINIDAD : Without locality, Crueger s.n. (K), Purdie 42 (GH, K); Sieber 350 (HAL); St. Anns, Broadway 6320 (BM, F, K, MO, S, US ). Global range: Endemic to CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 399 Trinidad and Tobago . Zuelania guidonia (Sw.) Britton & Millsp., Fl. Baham. 285 (1920) Syn: Zuelania laetioides A.Rich.; Zuelania roussoviae Pittier Common name: Quinam Sardine, Sardine. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Semi-evergreen seasonal forest. IUCN : LC. Star: GN. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD : Arena-Cumuto; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Matura-Salybia; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Southern Watershed. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD : San Fernando Hill, Broadway 6083 (K); Southern Watershed Reserve, Marshall s.n. (TRIN 12915); Southern Wildlife Sanctuary, Johnson s.n. (BM). Global range: Bahamas , Cayman Islands , Greater Antilles, Mexico , Central America, Colombia , northern Venezuela .