<document id="DDE2627FC70C4D7E65D3F889534366AA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10621955" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621955" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1707168940252" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina &amp; Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="BF04E441FFC52A14B99642A558F3FCB2" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2023.1016.1-33.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2023 (16)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nisoniades menuda Zhang, Cong, Shen, Song &amp; Grishin, 2023, new subgenus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="433D9C39FFDC2A0DB95643285A67FFDF" masterDocTitle="Genomics-based taxonomic rearrangement of Achlyodini and Carcharodini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1707169585435" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="4F3883239BC3773B5D7B66A76A3AF0BA">Genomics-based taxonomic rearrangement of Achlyodini and Carcharodini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA60C03BE1C911A2FA8FE2963DD4302F">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="59A92CCC9ECA48CC4FEC78FBA87956C7">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="171F677A5BBC17262CC91752DE1D123A">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5BC2562FC1AC8849FE0AC26FABBA68F3">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="13BA57EC38E13779251CD63A13BA1512">Shen, Jinhui</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A402EF2C2E03A63E28C3A64EA78FFC5E">Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="33049472E519CA8933207E9A6DBB65BA">Song, Leina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D13496DFEA39160A4CC6E40E1CE5B947">Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7685BE9431423F6E8717ADFFD43ABA95">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="320C15D1B4D629C5FAAA8E9C13FAAA89">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFC52A14B99642A55B4EFE75" ID-CoL="97NN3" authorityName="Weeks" authorityYear="1902" box="[192,297,397,426]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Nisoniades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menuda">
<emphasis id="05D98945FFC52A14B99642A55B4EFE75" bold="true" box="[192,297,397,426]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Menuda</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFC52A14B86642A55BF2FE75" authority="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Shen &amp; Song &amp; Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Shen &amp; Song &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[304,405,397,426]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Grishin">Grishin</taxonomicName>
, 
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http://zoobank.org/ 
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<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFC52A14B99642CB5A9EFE22" box="[192,249,483,509]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFC52A14B80942CA58ACFE22" ID-CoL="97NN3" authority="Weeks, 1902" authorityName="Weeks" authorityYear="1902" box="[351,715,482,509]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Nisoniades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menuda">
<emphasis id="05D98945FFC52A14B80942CA5851FE23" box="[351,566,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Nisoniades menuda</emphasis>
Weeks, 1902
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.
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFC52A14B99641245B26FDF9" bold="true" box="[192,321,524,550]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Definition.</emphasis>
The genus 
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFC52A14B89F41255861FDF9" box="[457,518,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Perus</emphasis>
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Grishin, 2019 (
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species 
<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFC52A14BA0741245EBCFDF8" ID-CoL="97ZSR" authority="Lindsey, 1925" authorityName="Lindsey" authorityYear="1925" box="[849,1243,524,551]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pholisora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordillerae">
<emphasis id="05D98945FFC52A14BA0741245E54FDF9" box="[849,1075,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Pholisora cordillerae</emphasis>
Lindsey, 1925
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) splits into three prominent lineages at the subgenus level in the tree (
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), two of which correspond to currently monotypic and unnamed subgenera. One of these new subgenera keys to E. 
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<bibRefCitation id="533C28A6FFC52A14BA9241785E31FDB5" author="Evans WH" box="[964,1110,591,618]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="26 - 53" refId="ref25536" refString="Evans WH. 1953. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Pyrginae. Section 2. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 246 p., pls. 26 - 53." type="book chapter" year="1953">Evans (1953)</bibRefCitation>
and is distinguished from its relatives by undivided and narrow, nearly needle-shaped and somewhat upturned in lateral view uncus without projections at its base and harpe nearly as long as valva, with a beak-like tooth on its dorsal margin and projection off ampulla reaching the “beak”. In DNA, a combination of the following nuclear genomic base pairs is diagnostic: aly686.40.2:T38C, aly686.40.2:T99C, aly671.7.4:T75C, aly 
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:A489G, aly171.6.1:G5424C.
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<subSubSection id="7FB706DCFFC52A14B99641D758F3FCB2" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFC52A14B99641D75B23FCC6" bold="true" box="[192,324,767,793]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular, tautonymous with the 
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species name.
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFC52A14B99640015BEEFC9C" bold="true" box="[192,393,809,835]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Species included.</emphasis>
Only the 
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species.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFC52A14B996407B5B3AFCB2" bold="true" box="[192,349,851,877]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Parent taxon.</emphasis>
Genus 
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFC52A14B8E7407B5B89FCB3" box="[433,494,851,876]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Perus</emphasis>
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Grishin, 2019.
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