The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history Author Shachar, Einat Author Melika, George Author Inbar, Moshe Author Dorchin, Netta text Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-16 4521 4 451 498 journal article 27950 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1 832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41 1175-5326 2610021 A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7 Plagiotrochus quercusilicis ( Fabricius, 1798 ) Host plants. Israel : Q. calliprinos . Elsewhere: Q. ilex and Q. coccifera . Life history. Known only from the leaf galls of the sexual generation, which are multi-chambered, fleshy, rigid, ovoid, up to 8 mm in diameter, occupying most of the leaf ( Fig. 74 ). The galls are green when young, red when mature, with smooth and shiny surface. Phenology. Galls begin to develop in March and adults emerge from them in April-May. Distribution. Israel : Odem Forest, Mt. Meron, Pa’ar cave, Kfar Hahoresh, Tiv’on, Mt. Carmel, Zur Hadassa. Elsewhere: This is the most common and widespread species in the genus Plagiotrochus , with a circummediterranean distribution. Comments. When young, the galls resemble those of Plagiotrochus australis Mayr on Q. ilex in the Western Mediterranean Region but P. australis galls are single-chambered whereas those of P. quercusilicis are multichambered. Sternlicht (1968b) referred to galls of this species as belonging to the sexual generation of Plagiotrichus kiefferianus Tavares, a species that has been synonymized under P. gallaeramulorum Boyer de Fonscolombe ( Pujade-Villar 2005 ) . The possibility that P . quercusilicis and P . gallaeramulorum are synonymous was first suggested by Tavares (1926) and later by Nieves-Aldrey (2001) but without clear evidence.