The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history Author Shachar, Einat Author Melika, George Author Inbar, Moshe Author Dorchin, Netta text Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-16 4521 4 451 498 journal article 27950 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1 832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41 1175-5326 2610021 A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7 Synergus variabilis Mayr, 1872 Host plant: Israel : Q. ithaburensis . Elsewhere: Q. cerris . Host gall wasp: Israel : Aphelonyx persica . Elsewhere: several species in the genera Andricus , Aphelonyx , Dryocosmus and Pseudoneuroterus ( Melika 2006b ) . (Invaded) gall and biology: Known only from the sexual generation, which develops in Israel in bud galls of Aphelonyx persica ( Fig. 37 ) and causes substantial enlargement of the gall up to 30 mm in diameter. Invaded galls are light green and fleshy when young ( Fig. 39 ), turning pale brown and woody when mature ( Fig. 40 ). They appear in August and adults emerge in January-February. No adults of the original gall inducer emerged from invaded galls. Distribution: Israel : Nahal Rakefet, Bet Keshet Forest, Hosha’aya, Alonim, Tiv’on, HaSharon Forest. Elsewhere: From Great Britain to Russia .