New species, misidentifications and problematic taxonomy of some Atlantic South American marine mollusks: a review Author Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. text Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 2024 2024-08-09 64 1 104 https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031 journal article 10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031 1807-0205 14705562 Order Ostreida Superfamily Ostreoidea Family Ostreidae Subfamily Crassostreinae Genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897 Crassostrea mangle Amaral & Simone, 2014 , revalidated Types: Holotype MZSP 89462 . Paratypes : MZSP 166513, 29 specimens (dismembered from MZSP 89462), MZSP 100495, from type locality (collected in 08.i.2011 ). Type locality: BRAZIL . Alagoas ; Barra de Camaragibe , Camaragibe River Estuary , 09°18′52.82″S 35°25′31.69″W [Tavares et al., col., 21.x.2008 ] . Remarks: Crassostrea mangle was described replacing what had previously been identified as C. rhizophorae (Guilding,1828) in Brazil .Following the study conducted by Amaral & Simone in 2014,the distribution of C.rhizophorae was constrained to Granada in the Antilles, Caribbean, which is its designated type locality. Even the occurrence of this species in other regions of the Caribbean and surrounding areas has been questioned. However, it is important to note that in the aforementioned study,the type specimens and the type locality of C. mangle were not explicitly established; they were only mentioned in a list.This oversight is rectified in the current work as above stated. The validity of C. mangle was recently challenged, being synonymized with C. rhizophorae ( Ferreira et al., 2023 ) . However, that paper did not study samples from the type locality of C.rhizophorae , nor from the Caribbean at all. Instead, they based their synonymy on another paper ( Lapègue et al., 2002 ), which studied specimens from Martinique and found the same haplotype in specimens from Paraná , Brazil . On the one hand, it is well known that the same haplotypes can occur in different species. On the other hand, it is very possible that C. rhizophorae does not occur in Martinique , and the specimens there may represent a different species. As mentioned above and by Amaral & Simone (2014) , preliminary results indicate that several species of Crassostrea inhabit the Caribbean, with a certain degree of endemism. An example in the genus is C. praia (Ihering, 1907) , which is endemic to a mangrove in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil .