Synopsis of Croton section Barhamia subsection Barhamia (Euphorbiaceae) Author Burilli, Nicolas Giovanny 0009-0006-6804-0780 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil ngiburilli@gmail.com Author Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha 0000-0003-4874-129X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Cx. Postal 3005, 01061 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil amanda.pnoronhap@gmail.com Author Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil & Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Cx. Postal 3005, 01061 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil text Phytotaxa 2025 2025-06-13 705 2 162 172 https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.3 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.3 1179-3163 16719837 13. Croton rudolphianus Müller Argoviensis (1866: 654) .— Oxydectes rudolphiana (Müller Argoviensis) Kuntze (1891: 612) . Type:— BRAZIL . s.loc., s.dat., Rudolphianus s.n. ( holotype , G-DC 00312511!, photo F 7098!). This shrubby species occurs in Brazil , mainly distributed in the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado domains ( Alagoas , Bahia , Ceará , Minas Gerais , Paraíba , and Pernambuco ). It occurs from 224 to 1138 m elevation, in rock outcrops, on clayey soil. Notes:— This species is morphologically similar to Croton urticifolius , which has led to several misidentifications in Brazilian herbaria. However, it is possible to identify morphological differences between these two species based on their leaf margin (irregular serrate in C. rudolphianus vs. doubly serrate margin in Croton urticifolius ) and capsules indumentum (glabrous in Croton rudolphianus vs. hirsute to pubescent in Croton urticifolius ). Representative specimens:— BRASIL . Bahia : Iaçu, Lage Preta, encosta do Iselberg, 380 m elevation, 12º50’25” S , 39º58’13” W , 20 February 2005 , F. França 5119 (CEPEC, HUEFS 0092907!, MBM 321732!, NY 01112553!, RB 00517909!, SP 0452622!).