Shifting the known richness of Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 (Diptera: Drosophilidae): the description of nineteen new species in the Neotropical region Author Frech-Telles, Marcos Henrique Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Author Valente-Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. & Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2024 e 20230105 2024-07-15 68 1 113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0105 journal article 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0105 1806-9665 13198855 9B74F533-C4F5-45A8-A614-C0786439F7A6 Paramycodrosophila sp.4 ( Figs. 63 , 64 , 87A ) Material examined : female labelled as follows: “BRA [= Brazil ] – MG [= State of Minas Gerais ] – Bocaina de Minas ( 22°19’46.3”S , 44°32’31.5”W ) Data: 30.xii.2019 - 14.i.2020 Col. : Telles MHF OBS.: Armadilha [=Trap] Malaise”, “ BM04 ” [ MZUSP ] . Description. Head ( Fig. 63A ): yellow with black and dark brown marks; eyes reddish, pubescent; face yellow, dorsally brown, ventrally dark brown; carina light yellow, prominent, narrow; scape yellow; pedicel brownish apically light yellow; flagellomere 1 dark brown, lighter basally, compressed; arista with five dorsal branches, one ventral branch and terminal fork; frons yellow and brown; fronto-orbital plate yellow, brown spot at the base of p rc frorb s; fronto-orbital setae black, a rc frorb s anterior of pc frorb s; distance between pc frorb s and a rc frorb s = 0.02 mm , between pc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.07 mm , and between a rc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.07 mm ; frontal vitta brown, lighter near ptilinal suture; frontal triangle yellow, large; ocellar triangle black, prominent; postocellar setae black, crossing; genae light yellow, black at the margins and under the eye near the base of vibrissae; palps black, large; labellum brown. Thorax ( Figs. 63B, C ): yellow with brown marks; scutum with two longitudinal sub-medial brown bands anteriorly parallel converging medially near the transverse suture and, in height of dorsocentral setae, the bands fuse and are replaced by brown spots partially fused forming a triangle shape; fine gray line between the parallel brown marks; base of the dorsocentral setae with brown spots; postpronotum light yellow; external margin of postpronotal lobe brown; transverse suture with a brown mark extended towards supra-alar area; six irregular rows of acrostichal setulae which become scarce posterior to the anterior dorsocentral setae; anterior dorsocentral setae smaller than posterior dorsocentral setae; scutellum dark brown, with yellow margins from its base until the base of the apical scutellar setae, dark spots at the base of the basal scutellar setae; basal and apical scutellar setae parallel, curved inwards; pleura mostly brown with longitudinal yellow band above katepisternum. Legs tan, darker rings from near the base to the middle of the femora. Wings ( Fig. 63F ): wings hyaline with a black apically pointy costal lappet; faint darker patch present bellow costal lappet; R 4+5 and M 1 parallel; halter light yellow; index: C = 1.56, ac = 3.40, hb = 0.76, 4c = 1.51, 4v = 2.42, 5x = 2.56, M = 0.91, prox. x = 0.53. Length = 2.09 mm , width = 0.99 mm . Abdomen ( Figs. 63D, E ): T1 yellow; T2 mostly brown; T3 brown sub-laterally interrupted in yellow, anterior yellow spot sub-laterally of the large brown area; T4 yellow, dark brown caudal band, the band advances towards the anterior margin medially and laterally, sub-laterally yellow, laterally brown; T5 yellow with a dark brown triangle shaped mark medially, dark brown marks sub-laterally, laterally brown; T6 yellow with dark brown triangle shaped mark medially, laterally brown; T7 yellow, lateral margin slightly brown; sternites tan, S7 with microtrichia and with 15 setulae; intersegmental membranes light. Terminalia ( Fig.64 ): T8 with microtrichia in the dorsal region; epiproct and hypoproct with microtrichia, with many long and some smaller setae; oviscapt vale sclerotinized, long, squarish at the tip in lateral view; four large peg-like ovisensilla on the posterior margin, horizontal row of around 12 peg-like ovisensilla on the apical ventral margin, many tiny pegs on the ventral margin; Spermathecal capsule highly sclerotized, dome-shaped, with wrinkled rings on the basal 1/3 of the capsule; introvert 1/2 the total length of the capsule, large depression apically. Body Length: 2.29 mm .